Essay on theory of evolution promote atheism

Sean PrentissOn Genre, On Form, On Limitations and False Borders: Offering Creative Writing New Boundaries. I am an essayist. Ever since I started keeping a journal when I was eighteen, I’ve thought in on theory promote atheism, essay, in narrative, in truth. My life is drug testing essay offered back to me in the mirror of essay on theory promote atheism creative nonfiction, in finding metaphor and art in life and fact. And Contrast. Since that first river heartbreak: Those late nights, when stars are the only. friends, I floated beneath. the surface of water.

The peace of silence. I relapse into fiction once or twice a year (maybe like those younger-day mistakes I used to make during late nights when I drank too much and chased after the shadow of the moon). Essay Of Evolution. When someone tells me a story and I think, I need to essays group work let that story wander where it may. And I will follow along. During those short windows, I explore invention, fiction. The art of the empty stage: drama. Of Evolution Promote. A genre I’ve never studied. But the camera is forced testing so close, intimate, like falling in love, that first night.

The hardest kiss. Essay Of Evolution Atheism. Or the night of the breakup. Nights alone. Though I don’t know drama, I understand the feeling aloneness on you write a comparison essay a stage, a hot beam illuminating our essential aloneness. I teach an intro level, multi-genre creative writing class at a small Vermont university. First, I teach the foundational ideas of creative writing: scene, setting, character, idea. Only then do I teach the four genres. Definition : Genre is a category of writing based on shape. Atheism. The four major creative writing genres include poetry[1], drama, fiction, and creative nonfiction. Title : The Teaching of Genre in a One Act Play.

Setting : A stage filled with twenty desks and twenty students. Forced Testing. A professor, bald, 40ish, thin, walks across the stage. Teacher: “Genre is a way to categorize writing based on essay promote its shape.” Students nod their heads. Teacher: “Creative writing has four genres. Can anyone tell me what they are?” Smart Student: “Fiction …? Poetry?” Professor nods his head. Other Smart Student: “Drama?” Smartest Student: “Oh, and real stuff.” Teacher: “Yup, creative nonfiction.” Classroom is essay by filled with smiling, happy students and proud professor. Smart Student: “How are the on theory promote shapes of essay fiction and nonfiction different?” Teacher: “Err. On Theory Of Evolution. Some genres are based on statistics shapes, like poetry and essay on theory of evolution promote atheism, drama. But some deal with whether they deal with truth or fiction.” Smarter Student: “So genre is either shape or truth/lack of truth?” Students look confused.

Teacher wrings his hands. Teacher: “Okay, let’s start over. We have prose, poetry, and a comparison, playwriting. Those are our three shapes of writing. On Theory Promote Atheism. These are the shapes a piece can take on the page. Prose is any writing done in paragraphs. Poetry is any writing done using line breaks.

Drama uses playwriting techniques.” Students smile again. Smart Student: “Wait, are poetry and drama true or invented?” Teacher: “Only fiction and creative nonfiction deal with truth or invention. Poetry and drama just deal with shape.” Smartest Student: “Why?” Teacher paces in front of classroom. Is this confusion between truth and shape within genre merely a problem for the random professor? Merely an issue in point by, the classroom? No. For this writer, there are a plethora of problems with our current system of how genre seems to use both shape and truth as its defining characteristics, that tries to meld together these differing ideas on what genre is, that offer only false borders. As a writer, I am stuck trying to explain my writing to editors, agents, readers, and publishers. I write micro-essays that look like poems.

What do we call that? Creative nonfiction poetry? How will the reader know that these poem-like things are truths? How will they understand that truth is the heart of these pieces and the shape serves the truth I am trying to essay on theory promote get at? My friend, Julia, calls these hybrid pieces that span shapes Thingamabobs , which just highlights the problem. Veterinary. Julia and I, and essay on theory promote atheism, so many other writers, are forced to create unclear terms to try to define something that should be easily defined. We are writers. We work with language. How is it that we have no language here? And then there is the issue of bookstores. Forced Drug Essay. I read environmental and nature writing.

When I go into a bookstore and search for nature writers, I look in the Nature Writing section. Easy enough. Unless I want environmental poetry. Then I need to go into the Poetry section. Here, I’ll find nature poets like David Budbill and T’ao Ch’ien kissing covers with lyric poets like Ezra Pound and ultra-talk poets like Mark Halliday and confessional poets like Sylvia Plath. These poets are lumped together for promote, their reliance on group work line breaks, on their shape.

This organizational system of gathering likeminded things together might tell us to call a house and a cardboard box the essay on theory atheism same thing since they share the same rectangular shape. Also, the reader often has an unclear understanding of what they will be receiving from the writer. Is that poem true, invented, or something else?[2] What is the small paragraphy-thing? A prose poem? A lyric essay? What is the difference? We can be more clear with the reader. We can tell them exactly what they will be holding in their hands. Genre, or shape, is but dissertation statistics normally easy for a reader to see just by examining a piece of writing.

Most poems clearly use line breaks. Most fiction and creative nonfiction clearly use paragraphs. But truth/fiction is not something that can be seen. Of Evolution Promote Atheism. It can only and all statistics be told to the reader. Once the reader knows what they are reading (genre and truth/invention), then they can decide on how to use that information or if that information is even important. But right now we often don’t provide that information to the reader. Atheism. Finally, as writers, we have been taught to write truth or fiction in prose, to often ignore truth or fiction in poetry and drama, and to see creative nonfiction as only cover prose. These are artificial limitations.

These constraints hem us in for no reason. A poem can be true. Creative nonfiction can use playwriting techniques. On Theory Atheism. Fiction can use historical information and fact. Drama can be true or invented. Etymology of Prose : Prose is birthed from the Latin word for straightforward . Essay Point. Prose uses paragraphs, sentences, and traditional uses of punctuation. Etymology of Poetry : Originated from the Latin word for poet , poetry originally meant maker or author or poet . Etymology of Drama : Drama comes from the Greek words for to act, to essay of evolution perform, to do . Etymology of Genre : Originates from the French word for kind, sort, style. Papers Format. We saw the on theory definition and etymology above, but let’s start here.

We have four genres: That’s pretty simple. Before we visit with genre, let’s examine how the use of (or lack of) truth affects pieces. Maybe truth will offer clarifying ideas. And Contrast Point. Here’s a simple chart looking at truth in our genres. As we can see here, truth/invention is only partially useful when examining genre. Truth/invention works great with creative nonfiction and fiction but doesn’t work at all for poetry and drama. So truth doesn’t clarify enough for us. It leads to more confusion. Essay On Theory Of Evolution Promote. Next, let’s examine the keys to figuring out what makes a genre a genre. Though this chart is simple, it’s also confusing. Two of cover letter our genres deal with truth or lack of on theory promote atheism truth (fiction and essays, creative nonfiction) plus shape (paragraphs).

Two deal with shape (line breaks or playwriting). So we are no farther along. Genre is unclear (because two of the on theory of evolution genres focus on truth and but dissertation statistics, two focus on shape) and truth is ineffective because two of the genres don’t care about on theory of evolution promote truth. Title: The Teaching of Genre and Shape Overlapping, a Two Act Play (Act I) Setting: a stage empty expect for twenty desks filled with twenty students. A professor, bald, 40ish, thin, stands at for student veterinary nurse the board looking at his diagram, which he has labeled “Illustration of Genre and Shape Overlapping.”

Teacher: Points to on theory illustration. Letter. Looks confused. Tries to explain how genre and form works. Essay On Theory. Sputters. And Contrast Point By. Erases work. Essay Promote. As a professor, I get stuck trying to explain genre and truth to students.

As the mega essays group writer of a textbook, I get stuck trying to explain genre and truth to readers. As a writer, I get stuck because genres and truth are unwieldy and unyielding. What if I want to write creative nonfiction in of evolution atheism, poetry form? What do we call that? Essay? Memoir? Poem? If we call it essay, we wonder about shape. If we call it poem, we wonder about truth (or lack of truth).

I could go on and on. [See confusing illustration above.] We need to move to a system that offers rational borders and removes the false limitations that have been set on our genres. What is the mega group solution to on theory of evolution atheism this overlapping confusion of genre and shape? Let genre teach us only the shape of testing essay a piece since the term genre originated to mean style and essay on theory of evolution promote atheism, never was meant to include fiction or truth . Maybe this problem originated with the invention of the how do you write a comparison term “the fourth genre” for creative nonfiction. Creative nonfiction is not the fourth genre (and fiction isn’t the third genre). Essay Atheism. Rather, prose is the third genre but before creative nonfiction became popular, fiction was seen to equal prose. Now we see fiction and creative nonfiction as genres rather than as types of you write essay prose. Essay On Theory Promote Atheism. Once we have moved to three genres (poetry, drama, prose), then let us create a new category that deals with truth or invention. Papers Format. I propose veracity.

Definition of Veracity : The observance of essay atheism truth, or truthfulness, of a thing, something that conforms to truth and fact. Etymology of Veracity : From Latin, meaning truthful. So we will have two (or three) veracities. Veracity only teaches us about the truthfulness or invention of a piece. And let us have three (or four) genres. Genres will only teach us how a piece will look on the page. Dichotomous Key to Veracities : Habitat: Lives in areas of sunlight populated by truths, facts, memories, and speculations.

Location: Can be found in prose, poetry, and drama. Appearance: Carries the and all statistics appearance of the writer’s life or the life of of evolution promote those who the writer has studied. Times: When the writer wants to examine the factual, the forced testing essay truth, the real in a moment. Habitat: Lives in caves populated by invention. Location: Can be found in prose, poetry, and drama. Appearance: A changeling. Can appear like the writer, like other humans, or entirely unlike humans at all.

Times: When the writer wants to create something new, when the writer longs to invent. Setting: A writer’s group, three members, at a local dive bar called Charlie O’s. Practicing a new way to view genre and essay on theory of evolution, veracity. Jess: So what would you call Anne Carson’s The Glass Essay ? Jess and mega essays, Julia in unison: “Hybrid/hybrid.” Julia: “What about Moby Dick ? It’s fiction and essay on theory of evolution promote, nonfiction and research papers, it is prose.”[4] Jess: “ Catcher in the Rye is fiction and prose.” Jess: “Jeanette Walls’ The Glass Castle? Nonfiction/Prose.” Sean: “The ancient Chinese poets, like T’ao Ch’ien? Creative nonfiction and poetry.” What does this new system allow that sees genre as poetry, drama, and prose? That offers a scale for veracity of a piece?

One : It makes the teaching life easier. This simpler view on genre and veracity is easy to teach. Every piece of writing is: Either true, invented, or something hybrid (veracity). On Theory Of Evolution. Either poetry, prose, drama, or something hybrid (genre). We can go back to calling a cardboard box a box and a house a house. Two : It allows writers flexibility to conceive of how they should write on the page.

Writers may no longer need to feel constrained by papers format genre and essay on theory of evolution, veracity because we’ve separated truth and fiction from genre. Forced Drug Testing. Choose a genre(s). Choose a veracity(s). On Theory Promote Atheism. Three : This system allows publishers a way to clearly articulate what they want. Again, just choose a genre(s) and statistics, a veracity(s) and the writer will know what to promote atheism submit. Four : This new system instructs the reader more clearly on but dissertation statistics what they will receive. The contract is clear between writer and essay, reader. Veracity teaches us about but dissertation statistics truth/invention. Genre teaches us about shape. On Theory. I am an essayist. But I see my truths, attempts, tries at understanding life not always in the long paragraphs of prose.

Sometimes my brain, heart, hands need, yes, other forms. my truths through poetry. But Dissertation Statistics. constrained by form. Let my words, like the waters. of my life, wander. [1] There exist hundreds of definitions for poetry. Most offer major flaws in how they categorize poetry. The only definition I have found that doesn’t have major holes (because of essay on theory of evolution its simplicity) is that poetry, almost always, uses line breaks to determine the shape of the poem. For Student Nurse. Except when it’s called ‘prose poetry.’ And once again, the essay on theory of evolution promote atheism professor looks confused. [2] My friend Karen just said that she reads most poems as “real” or “based on the writer’s life.” I read most poems as invented by the writer. We, the reader, have no idea if a poem is and all but dissertation statistics real or invented.

[3] Hybrid texts intentionally blend fiction and essay on theory of evolution, nonfiction, play with fiction and nonfiction, or have fiction and nonfiction share space. Cover Letter For Student Veterinary Nurse. We can continue to work to of evolution atheism decide where the hybrid boundary begins and ends, but it seems that the hybrid space could be reserved for pieces that mix or play with truth and fiction. [4] We decide on fiction and prose because the heart of the but dissertation statistics novel is on theory of evolution promote about the invented story not the nonfiction on veterinary whaling. Essay On Theory Of Evolution Atheism. [5] We’d still need to mega group work out some kinks (like where to place In Cold Blood), but the kinks are smaller and on the edges of the borders. So rather than dealing with major issues in how our genres and shapes overall and confuse, we’d have to deal with smaller borderland issues like Is IN Cold Blood nonfiction or hybrid . Sean Prentiss is the author of the memoir, Finding Abbey: a Search for Edward Abbey and His Hidden Desert Grave. Prentiss is also the co-editor of The Far Edges of the essay on theory atheism Fourth Genre: Explorations in but dissertation, Creative Nonfiction, a creative nonfiction craft anthology. He lives on a small lake in northern Vermont and essay on theory promote atheism, serves as an assistant professor at Norwich University.

The other night I opened a bottle of HandFarm, from Tired Hands Brewing Company in Ardmore, PA. Drug Testing Essay. It’s a Saison (or Wallonian-style farmhouse ale) that’s been aged in of evolution promote atheism, Chardonnay barrels. The base farmhouse ale is tasty enough: chewy grain flavors spiked with flavors of minerality, lemon juice, white pepper (not from the use of actual lemon or pepper; those flavors are some of the thousands of possible flavors created during fermentation). But the time spent in used oak gives it additional notes of vanilla and a slight woodsy astringency. In the barrels the mixed fermentation cultures – brewer’s yeast isolated from rural southern Belgium as well as native microflora bacteria from Pennslyvania – flourish and multiply, lending a kumquat-like lactic sourness, and a funk that calls to mega group work mind horse stables #8212; their smells of sweaty manes, manure, and old hay. This is an essay on craft and, rest assured, I do not make drinking part of my process. I’m bringing up alcohol to illustrate a point.

While enjoying this farmhouse ale, the sun waving goodbye over rowhome rooftops in South Philly, I began to think about writing in terms of beer. On Theory Promote. The initial metaphor I was teasing out between sips was that bottling a beer is like publishing an essay. Your thoughts brew and brew over the course of drafting and, of forced drug testing course, you want to essay of evolution promote atheism end up with your sharpest, most finely crafted version, so you stop drafting at some point, stop thinking. You have a sense of when the essay is as good as it will be, knowing that you can overdraft a piece, can overthink the subject and research papers format, let slack the tension. You bottle it for of evolution, distribution when it’s at nurse its peak.

HandFarm, however is a bottle conditioned beer, meaning that the yeast is on theory active in the bottle. The beer, quite purposefully, continues to develop in ways commensurate with variables of time and storage. Just as I’m sure you’ve noticed how essays from cover nurse James Baldwin or Eula Biss have only gained potency with time. Or maybe you’ve noticed that some, say, old David Sedaris essays aren’t as funny or piercing as you remember – gone flat, oxidized. Our relationship to essay on theory promote atheism our essayed thoughts, as well as any reader’s relationship to our thoughts their own thoughts, and everyone’s relationship to the world at papers large, is quite active. Digesting the sugars around us. On Theory Promote. Boozing up the place. “The most important part [of making Balsamico] is to maintain the life of the vinegar,” says Giuseppe Pedroni, a master Balsamic vinegar producer in Modena, Italy. For him there is but dissertation no growth or progress, no final product, without the preservation of that initial spark. The first vinegar must inform all others.

We would not be able to promote atheism have a relationship with our old thoughts if we couldn’t access the person we were when we had them. If we didn’t remember who we were when we wrote an essay then we could not place ourselves now. We can’t change our minds over and contrast essay the years without knowing what our minds used to hold. This epistemology is holding up an idea I’m trying to on theory promote access in this essay, which is that retaining an intimacy with the self’s past, any and essays, all past selves, is necessary to age beautifully. While it may be close to impossible to control how any one essay holds up to you or the world it thinks about, you do have more control on how to essay hold up as an essayist. For this I return you to HandFarm. This bottle is from the but dissertation statistics 5 th batch of HandFarm, with each new bottling more complex integrated than the last. This is quite literally by design, as every new batch of HandFarm has some of the previous batches blended into it.

This is atheism not like baking bread, where each new loaf is and contrast point by puffed up by literally the essay on theory of evolution atheism same yeast, a mother yeast. HandFarm would be more like if each new loaf of bread contained within it an actual hunk of an old loaf of bread, which itself enveloped an even older piece of mega essays group bread, and on and on down the line. Essay On Theory. For obvious reasons you can’t really do that with bread, at least not in testing essay, an appetizing way. But you can do that with barrel aged beer, or wine, or sherry, or port, or Balsamic vinegar. This process is most commonly called the Solera method. Liquidity hybridizes the old and the new. A fluid becoming. Promote. No seams or stitches. Most Solera processes involve removing half of an forced, old barrel’s contents to bottle, refilling the barrel with fresh liquid, then doing it again when next they bottle. Essay Of Evolution. Sometimes you remove half from the how do a comparison essay first largest barrel only to essay on theory of evolution promote place that siphoned liquid in a comparison, a second, smaller barrel to promote atheism age further. Group. Then some time later you remove part of that second barrel place it in a third, and etc.

True Balsamico Tradizionale is made this way, through a process of five to seven barrels known collectively as a “battery.” A fresh battery of barrels is started for essay on theory of evolution, major life events, like a wedding or childbirth, and the first bottling from that battery won’t happen for a minimum of twelve years. And All Statistics. According to beer writer and technologist Lars Marius Garshol, it would take about 184 years before the of evolution last remaining molecule of the Balsamic vinegar that started a Solera is by emptied out, if we define “completely emptied” as some molecular biologists and mathematicians do as “one five octillionth of the original.” Zeno, I’m sure, would regard the Solera method as paradoxical. Time in the barrel will change a thing. I like to over draft my ideas at first and then give a considerable amount of time before I revise them. Essay Of Evolution. That’s what works for me. I enjoy seeing how far my thinking has come in the weeks between. I like to feel the research influence of new perspectives experiences tugging on the old text. I tend to prefer the speakers of my essays be “a version of essay on theory of evolution atheism me from a general time in my life” rather than “a version of me on research format one specific day.” I think it’s less than useful to look at essay revision as “killing your darlings.” Even in the act of pressing the delete key I don’t think of it as a killing, a reaping. I think of it as vaporization.

I think of research it as the Angel’s Share: the essay on theory of evolution phenomenon where some of the water volume of liquid aging in a barrel will evaporate, leaving the letter for student veterinary nurse barrel filled with something more concentrated, more potent, than before. Essay. Solera, in Spanish, means “on the ground,” referring to where sherry barrels were quite naturally kept before artisans started experimenting with subterranean and lofted storage. In English, we have plenty of letter veterinary cliches and idioms about the of evolution promote ground. Keeps me grounded; on the ground floor; common ground; break new ground; cut the ground out from cover letter nurse under my feet; lose ground; hold your ground; gain some ground; I’m just run down to the ground; old stomping ground; doesn’t know his head from a hole in the ground; what moral ground do you have. There’s a sense of commonality with the word. We share it, even when we frame it antagonistically (lose/hold/gain). It unites us. Everyone walks upon it. Everyone recognizes it as the starting point – ground level.

So if you think of your essays, your body of essay on theory of evolution atheism work as an and all statistics, essayist, as functionally a Solera method, then the process makes sense. We can’t not ground our essays. Our essays can’t help but walk the land they share with each other. Even now I’m re-using thoughts and descriptions I’ve had about HandFarm, since I’m currently writing a book on farmhouse ale. It’s partly a memoir of of evolution promote my family’s farming history as a way to drug essay access why I love farmhouse ale so much and partly a more journalistic look into of evolution promote atheism, why farmhouse ale is sharply rising in popularity in the United States and I’m not saying any of and all but dissertation this as a plug to prospective agents (though my email is in promote atheism, my contributor note!) but rather to demonstrate that this beer is working its way into many of my seemingly disparate thoughts, and that’s not a mistake to let the subject of my book project creep into other things I’m working on. The realization I’m having here is that it’s entirely natural. I try to essays write about essay on theory atheism my grandparents escaping a hardscrabble agrarian life and drug essay, along the way this beer, or another like it, shows up in my essaying, creating tension, trying to on theory of evolution smooth away the and all statistics cracked-earth of of evolution atheism a droughtstruck farm with its gestures towards the beauty and forced, romance of the pastoral. I try to write about the craft of essay writing using this beer merely as a way in but it fights me for the focus.

And this is nothing to shy away from or edit out. This is epistemological. This is how we stay connected to our thoughts, how none of our essays are truly written in a vacuum. Looking at my folder of current drafts there’s not a single piece that doesn’t bear the mark of the others. There’s the interviews I did at essay on theory of evolution Boulevard Brewing Company for this Saison book, looking out on the brewery’s big roof towards fields of essay corn and soy north of essay on theory atheism Kansas City. There’s the Missouri pastoral coming up in a different essay as evidence of privilege and as contrast for citizen outrage over police fascism across the work state in Ferguson. Essay Of Evolution Atheism. There’s the and all but dissertation statistics emotionally draining late nights spent watching livestreams of Ferguson juxtaposed with the elation of the World Series run for my Kansas City Royals in another.

There’s the last baseball games my grandfather would see before he passed away, and there’s the news around the time of his passing that my mother got diagnosed with cancer, and there’s the weeks I spent this past semester in something like depression, and there’s the first draft I wrote after weeks of not writing #8212; wherein a jean jacket I bought reminded me of promote atheism Roger, a poet/teacher/friend, who passed away a few years ago the memory that Roger introduced me to craft beer in the first place. Essays Group. This is essay of evolution promote atheism a Solera. Research. Somewhere in every essay I write, yours too, is a bit of the previous blended in, which itself had some of the one prior to it, which in turn implies a whole cosmology for every essay. The process is a seamless cycle for any essayist who keeps up with the work. Essay On Theory. Just because we finish an essay doesn’t mean those thoughts the cover letter nurse emotions they kicked up don’t get blended back in with the next barrel. This is how we think, learn, live.

Either we age our thinking and blend it back into new thoughts or we must regularly go back and essay on theory of evolution atheism, make current each of our essays, as Montaigne felt the pressure to but dissertation statistics do. You tell me which feels more natural. In Marsala, Scicily, a solera method is on theory atheism used to make Marsala wine. The term in Italian that the winemakers use is in forced drug essay, perpetuum . Steven Church, talking about his essay “Seven Fathoms Down” ( DIAGRAM , 13.5), explains “This is the of evolution third essay that I#8217;ve written and published about the cover letter for student nurse same event, each one a different essay, exploration, and attempt. I suppose it#8217;s some sort of testament to the lasting power of such things, though not a testament I set out to write. It may seem like bullshit, but the essay found its way to the drowning and essay atheism, I didn#8217;t see it coming.

I just followed the pull.” At the NonfictionNOW conference in 2010, I underlined in my notebook four times a statement from Bonnie J. Rough, who on a panel told the audience “If you want to tile a fish, tile a fish!” That’s great advice. So often I’ll hear someone – a student, a colleague #8212; say that they can’t write about, say, their parents’ divorce again because they’ve “already written The Divorce Essay.” Nah, son. If that divorce keeps wanting to come up in your writing then let it. You don’t get just one shot at any subject. These things are a part of you forever and they are yours to use, to frame with and re-shape and reconsider, forever. I wrote a Grandparent Cancer Essay while I was in undergrad, learning the moves. I revisited the jaundice, the funeral, the anxiety in a different form years later in one of my first published pieces. I find myself revisiting it all again now that all of my grandparents are dead, now that my head is as bald by choice as that grandfather’s head was by nature, now that I’m cleaning his old work cap and wearing it around to protect my scalp. You carry all of your prior essays with you from new draft to new draft. You just might not be aware of the blend percentage. The first essay you ever published is there in your most recent.

Most of the words have evaporated, sure, sent up to the angels, but the research format potent essence remains because that essence changed you, that essay changed you. Essay Of Evolution Promote. To even recognize it means it’s still there. Point By. Barry Grass is essay promote atheism originally from Kansas City but now lives in Philadelphia, where he teaches writing at mega group Hussian College. His chapbook, #8220;Collector#8217;s Item,#8221; was released in 2014 by Corgi Snorkel Press. Essay Atheism. Work appears in The Normal School, Hobart, Sonora Review, and Annalemma, among other journals.

If you have a solera going, send samples for judgment to cover for student veterinary barrygrass@gmail.com. Kirk WislandGoodbye to All of Those. I used to promote say write like everybody you know is dead. Essay By. It was my signature phrase, a gentle cudgel used to subdue the kind of self-questioning fear that often stunts a writer wading into of evolution promote, uncharted waters. An exhortation to write wild, brave and free. Of course this was also when I wrote mostly about the living, when I wrote about the dead primarily as a passing referent, a milepost on how do a comparison my narrative journey. After my grandfather died.

Before my grandmother died. When my cat, or aunt, or grade-school choir director was still alive. Mostly I wrote about those who would never read my words. I didn’t worry about my mean-spirited (but true!) rendition of my choir director, even when he was still alive, because I knew he’d never read it. And on on theory of evolution those rare occasions when I did write about the dead, I wrote mostly flattering things, gentle odes to papers format those passed on. But when a longtime friend shows up in your newly-adopted state and drinks himself to death in your presence—a real-life Leaving Las Vegas played out over several weeks—then you will write the on theory of evolution promote dead. And Contrast Essay. The imperative of knowing, of witnessing—whether it be for essay on theory atheism, atonement, or to honor, or to punish—you will write the dead. I am still writing the dead, although the story has trickled out on me at essays group work ninety pages—too short for a book, too long for an essay.

An Essayvella? Last summer I started writing by hand again, scrawling away in a gray composition notebook. Perched on essay atheism the balcony of our carriage house apartment, surrounded by my potted palms and tropical plants, I let the essays group work summer breeze lull me into believing that I was playing the part of essay promote Hemingway in Key West, rather than Appalachian Ohio. And Contrast Point. I hadn’t written with any serious intent in a notebook for six years, having finally trained myself during my MFA program to essay atheism “be creative” on work my laptop. Essay Promote Atheism. I had been cursed with a stubborn certainty from the earliest years of my literary dabbling: a certainty that one could not—or at least I could not—type creatively in the same manner as I scrawled my barely-legible notebook odysseys. But after a decade of a comparison essay writing longhand, and then turning around and typing those words into a Word document, my wrists were perpetually sore, and my forearms plagued by a recurrent tingling numbness. Fear of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, of essay of evolution promote a hand clenched into a useless claw, scared me enough to alter my habits. So I pushed on past my ingrained superstition and discovered that in fact I could conjure expression from the mega percussion of my fingers on the keys. And every muscle and nerve from my knuckles to my shoulder blades thanked me.

Part of my decision to return to writing longhand was about trying to rediscover the joy of writing I used to know before I was a “Writer.” I am captive now to a weird writer’s vanity—the vanity of believing all my written words might be significant. It’s an absurd idea. I still generate far more future trash than I do marketable prose. But I no longer feel good “free-doodling.” Writing has become a commodity, or more accurately the time I have for writing is a commodity, and essay on theory promote atheism, thus I feel the mega essays group work pressure to make that time count. Each word part of a sentence, part of a paragraph, part of a final essay to be submitted, part of promote a book of said essays to be offered up as sacrifice to the capricious gods of publishing. Essay By. By getting “serious” about writing, I robbed the of evolution act of fun. I used to spend hours maniacally scribbling away in research, coffee shops, putting mostly future-less prose to page. Sure I was going to be a writer someday. But I wasn’t there yet, and my 90s daydreams of essay on theory of evolution promote writer greatness were barely more realistic than my previously imagined futures as a rock star or NBA power forward. Somewhere out there people were publishing, but that was no concern of mine.

I was just sharpening my teeth, blasting out hyper-caffeinated prose, working myself into shape, a writing Rocky with the theme song in my head. Then one day you publish something. Then you get into an MFA program. Mega Essays Work. Publish a few more things. Essay On Theory. Become Nonfiction Editor for work, a lit journal. Go to some conferences.

Get into a PhD program. Compile a big enough Word document to essay on theory atheism have a book or two or three. And where once I merrily dashed off reams of sketches without intent, now I agonize over all the work—the finished pieces still searching for homes, all my megabytes of essay stalled stories, embers of essay. Now I cringe when the essay on theory word-flow dams up, when the “essayer” fails to bear fruit. Letter For Student Veterinary Nurse. Now I feel the pressure to produce. Now that I have stepped into the ring I have to confront, each time I write, the fear that it might not happen, that nobody is guaranteed a book contract just for essay on theory atheism, finishing their work, that I might peak with a few good essays and format, then fade away… I wrote the dead swamped in grief. I wrote in regret. I wrote in anger. Lambasted myself on the page for being unable to save my alcoholic friend. Lambasted him on the page for being unwilling to save himself.

I wrote in forgiveness. I wrote in promote, love. I wrote in remembrance. As the years scrolled by and the death receded back in the rear-view mirror I wrote with increasing detachment, when I wrote him at all. The tidal wave of early words slowed to point a river, then a stream, then a trickle. I had said all I could say, disgorged my pages and turned instead to dabbling with rearrangements, trying to make the puzzle pieces fit into some semblance of a whole. I missed his April birthday this year, for the first time since his death.

Today, May 13 th , is three years since we got that call—three years plus a couple days dead and gone. The past is malleable; we shape it and polish it until it resembles what is most palatable to our current selves, and our reflection of those previous incarnations. But the past is also unpredictable, and like magma oozing along underneath our tectonic plates it occasionally burbles up and breaks through the surface in ways we can’t fathom. Early October, the mid-George W. Bush years, waiting for a train at essay of evolution promote the Milan airport. It had been six years since that summer in Holland, my brief interlude as romantic expat abroad, and yet waiting for the train I could feel the swell of forced drug nostalgia and sorrow bursting up from a long-dormant core, spurred by the simple fact that it was the first time I’d been back in Europe since those events. Melancholy seeping from my pores like magma, and a visceral certainty that I could punch through the wall of the essay on theory of evolution promote tunnel to forced testing essay find that other me, that other past lurking in shadows just outside the essay promote corner of my vision.

I think part of the allure of blogging is not just the immediacy of your words, the and contrast point by timeliness in essay on theory atheism, response to current events, but also the immediacy of the self. This is who I am, right now. This is my life, my ideas, my brain on the page at this moment , date-stamped for perpetuity. This is the real-time wine and wafer; eat and cover for student veterinary nurse, drink and be one with me. Because even in the quickest publication turnarounds there is normally a lag-time of months or sometimes years between those words you wrote at that moment when they were fully you, and the day those words go public.

By the time my words see the light of day I am often tired of essay of evolution them, having rolled the Sisyphean literary boulder up the hill, writing, shaping, re-shaping. And then you see those words from this lag-time, where they are always that younger you, always a slightly different version, so that in and all but dissertation, reading yourself at the moment of publication you are reading your own history. Essay On Theory Of Evolution Promote. Some of my oldest Word documents pre-date the Millennium. I can read these stories and attempted memoirs and see myself, but only a refracted version. In a sense I reclaim my history every time I reread them, which is why it is simultaneously exhilarating and frightening to read those old pieces—or to essay point by delve into my old journals, which date back nearly a quarter-century. In the intervening decades those memories were sanded down and sun-bleached, but then I will re-read that passage from the journal of an angst-ridden 19-year-old and be viscerally reminded of who I was then, of on theory of evolution promote atheism that younger, smaller me that still exists in this older form, still forms the inner rings of the essay point tree of me. The faces within the face, “preserved like fossils on superimposed layers,” as Christopher Isherwood says in A Single Man. And some part of me in the present will be changed by this re-engaged history, the dredging revisions of the factually erroneous silt accumulated over time. Essay Of Evolution. Aren’t we writers, particularly we Nonfictioneers, just like Leonard Shelby, the protagonist in Memento— who, having lost all short-term memory, must constantly reconstruct himself from his scrawled notes? Those important truths tattooed all over how do you write essay his torso, never to be forgotten.

Aren’t we writers tattooing ourselves every time we publish? The first two times I was published, I celebrated by treating myself to essay on theory of evolution atheism a new tattoo as reward. I had decided that each new publication would merit a new tattoo, that I would web myself in meaningful ink, become a respectable, literary, non-murderous Leonard Shelby. But I haven’t kept up that tradition. By. I meant to, but as subsequent publications happened I realized that they were not all of equal significance, and essay atheism, probably not all worthy of their own ink.

And I had other things to spend money on, other people to consider. Tattoos are expensive, and other than my first publication, which paid for the tattoo and even left some spare change— thank you Milkweed! —none of the subsequent publications, if they have paid at all, have paid enough to cover new ink. I have moved on, for the moment, to writing the living. Writing a book about forced drug testing my biological father, or more accurately about our relationship, and what it meant to grow up with a gay father in the 1980s during the height of the AIDS crisis. This is essay promote a story I’ve always known I had to tell, one that friends and professors alike have chided me for mega, delaying. I had originally thought that maybe I wouldn’t write this book until my father died. That maybe out of respect for him, I ought to wait. But I realized something important, in the process of writing the book of the dead friend: it isn’t easier when they’re gone. In many ways it’s harder.

What you might think of as the advantage of avoiding those awkward moments— they’ll never read it —are offset by the guilt one feels for writing them without the on theory of evolution atheism possibility of correction. Of being able to say anything you want. Of presenting their likeness without consent. Papers Format. Part of me fears certain passages I’ve written already about my father, things that will surely hurt him to read. Essay Promote Atheism. Part of me also fears the passages I haven’t written yet, the and all statistics stories I’m slowly working myself up to, the ones I can’t imagine having a conversation with my father about. But we can do that. We can talk . And maybe in talking about these events, the stories themselves will become better, truer—more purely Nonfiction—as we hash out the differences in our memories to find a palatable shared truth. Isn’t that much more likely to promote be true than my singular version of events? Isn’t that more fair, more honest? Those old Microsoft Word documents are in research, danger of becoming outdated, of living past the current technology’s ability to reach back and essay on theory of evolution promote, speak to them.

It’s weird to think about because we always assume that technological improvements are without consequence, inherently positive. But of course with each passing year the incentive diminishes for the engineers at Microsoft to you write a comparison essay make sure that the newest version of Word is still configured to be compatible with antique, pre-Millennium versions of itself. And I keep ignoring the on theory compatibility messages when I open one of these ancient scrolls, confident in the fact that we no longer live in the dark ages of technology when Apple and Microsoft spoke separate languages, warring across a tech channel like the how do you write essay French and the British. But I know that one day—maybe not next year, or ten years from now—but some day in the future my precious scrawls from 1997 will no longer be readable. Which leads to essay on theory promote atheism a counter-intuitive and strangely exhilarating thought: let them die. Delete all. Delete them all. Like John Steinbeck burning The Oklahomans —his first attempt at The Grapes of Wrath— and starting over essays group work from scratch. Imagine the essay on theory of evolution weightlessness of research papers format returning to a blank slate. Of digitally burning everything not already in print.

Of saying thanks for all the practice, now toss those canvasses into essay atheism, the bonfire and begin anew. Papers. What if we could start over? What if we could erase everything we’d ever written, and truly forget? What would my next sentence be if I knew I would never re-read my old words? Kirk Wisland’s work has appeared in The Normal School, Creative Nonfiction, The Diagram, Paper Darts, Electric Literature, Phoebe, Essay Daily, and the Milkweed Press Anthology Fiction on a Stick. He is essay on theory of evolution a doctoral student in Creative Writing at papers format Ohio University. He has not yet hit #8220;delete all.#8221; Lying in Translation: Notes Towards a Truthful MemoirBrooke Champagne. Promote. In the grocery stores, dime stores, department stores of the New Orleans East neighborhood where I grew up, my grandmother stole and I lied. It became part of the rhythm of our days: Lala brought us into the English-speaking world, where the Americans talked like chirping, or was it squawking birds—I can’t pin down the mega essays work analogous word, but I knew she didn’t like the sound of it, ese maldito ingles —and she spoke only Spanish, so I served as translator. Essay. Very quickly I learned I must lie.

Because at TGY off Michoud Boulevard, Lala deigned to purchase household items like toilet paper or detergent, but stole whatever tchotchke it was I wanted. In the check-out line the cashier might ask how we were doing, to which Lala would reply in and contrast essay, Spanish, “I’m fantastic, you dummy, because I’m stealing from you, and there’s nothing you can do about it.” All those sad cashiers from my memory thought our routine so cute: the Ecuadorian woman and the granddaughter who spoke for her. That nice lady who complimented their haircuts, or the orderliness of the store. The woman who, no matter what inexplicable foreign sounds were coming from her mouth, was, according to her granddaughter, always having a nice day. Essay Of Evolution Atheism. Lying in translation was simply part of how do a comparison my childhood. I couldn’t tell the essay world the truth about who Lala was. At home she was my world, and I hers— mi amor , mi vida , mi tesoro —but in and all statistics, public she made me cringe. She couldn’t even speak English, and it didn’t matter that she declined to learn by abstention because she hated the language so.

All the world’s books, as far as I knew, were written in English. In this language, learning happened, so in atheism, my estimation, Lala refused to learn. I identified Spanish with fierce love and anti-intellectualism, and English where rules were made and research, followed. Essay Promote. My English expanded through school and the limitless stories and worlds offered by books. Research Papers. My Spanish had one character, one plot, one god, and that was Lala. She both admired and begrudged my time with reading, and I knew the day would come when I was forced to pick a language. The more ensconced I became in the English-speaking world, especially when I was at home with Lala, the more of a traitor I became.

Sometime in my adolescence I permanently defected to English. I spent the first ten years of my life speaking Spanish every day, and in the subsequent twenty-five years I may have spoken three months’ worth of the language. I learned to love American boys and men in English, but because of Lala, I thought for some time I’d never be able to grapple with complex ideas in Spanish. In Spanish I only felt. In Spanish one was either the on theory promote betrayer or the forced essay betrayed. Spanish was my dreamy past, and English the a more certain, stolid present and future. The irony is that when I became a writer I had no interest in essay of evolution atheism, writing fiction, or at least in fictionalizing our story. Essay Point. I didn’t want to of evolution create a zany Hispanic grandmother performing zany stunts. I had to write her . Veterinary Nurse. But through force of childhood habit, I was out of practice in telling her truthfully. And for all the “what is truth in memoir?” debates surrounding this genre, I think the foremost strategy for writing it is pretty straightforward: try not to lie.

Tell the essay truth as you remember it: don’t make more or less of essays group work anything or anyone, including yourself. Essay On Theory Promote. For me this has been complicated by not only my early propensity to lie, but that the and all truth as I remember it happened in Spanish. Translating these memories and Lala’s actions into English feels false. Essay On Theory Of Evolution Atheism. In considering this false feeling, I’m reminded of but dissertation statistics a moment in Richard Rodriguez’s memoir Hunger of Memory , when as a boy he’s asked by a friend of his, a gringo , to promote translate what Rodriguez’s Mexican grandmother has just yelled out to essays him from her window: “He wanted to know what she had said. I started to essay on theory of evolution atheism tell him, to say—to translate her Spanish words into English. Forced Testing. The problem was, however, that though I knew how to translate exactly what she had told me, I realized that any translation would distort the essay on theory deepest meaning of her message: It had been directed only to me.

This message of intimacy could never be translated because it was not in the words she had used but passed through them. Cover Letter Nurse. So any translation would have seemed wrong; her words would have been stripped of on theory of evolution atheism any essential meaning. Finally, I decided not to tell my friend anything. I told him that I didn’t hear all she had said.” What Rodriguez expresses here is the untranslatability not of language, but of people and their intimacies. I feel already the for student veterinary nurse person I’ve sketched so far is more Latina imp than Lala.

How to capture her largeness, her generosity followed by her startling moments of pettiness, without allowing the reader to hear and understand her voice directly? And I cannot, as some bilingual authors do, write our story first in the language closest to the experience. My Spanish is of evolution promote no longer, and perhaps never was, that strong. Today I can still tell Lala I love her and narrate the changing details of format my life; I can still make her laugh. But if she were unable to hear, I couldn’t write any of essay of evolution atheism it for her in a language she could understand. In his 1800 essay “On Language and Words,” philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer proposes a specific marker for the mastery of how do you write essay a language: when the speaker is capable of translating not words but oneself into the other language. This issue of retaining one’s personality and authentic self across languages remains troubling because in my distance from Spanish, I’m not sure how much I can accurately define who I was when I lived in that language, or who I am within Spanish even now. Essay On Theory Of Evolution Promote. I recall my young, primarily Spanish-speaking self as devoid of personality, as completely dependent on drug testing essay Lala’s love alone, as a vessel in which the essay of evolution promote only thing more powerful than the research papers will to please was the silently-brewing mutiny over essay on theory of evolution promote atheism my leader and her language. When I think of who I am in Spanish now, when I speak it with Lala, I wonder if I’m still more who she would like me to be—the loud, brash, fearless woman she once was—than I actually am. In Spanish I search more vigilantly for the humor, the absurdity, the and contrast point magic of promote living, I find colors and sounds bolder and forced testing essay, more daunting, I hear in every sentence a song. It’s an essay on theory of evolution atheism, exhausting way to live, which may be why I don’t do it (or speak it) often.

To be an always-on vaudevillian in one’s second language is no small task. With that in mind, let me translate a joke from Spanish. Last winter I visited Cuba to prepare for a writing exchange this summer between my students at the University of Alabama and Cuban students at the University of San Geronimo in Havana. As part of our exploration, a colleague and I visited the Tropicana Club, famous for nurse, its lush tropical gardens, stunning light shows, and nearly-nude dancers. We arrived early and as I was served my first drink, an on theory of evolution atheism, icy Cristal cerveza in its tall green bottle, a bird shat all over the left side of statistics my head, shoulder, dress. The mortified waiters hastily brought me napkins and, more promptly than they did the surrounding tables, my complimentary bottle of Havana Club Rum. Everyone apologized profusely: disculpeme , perdoname , que pena . But one waiter knew just what to say as he dabbed my shoulder with a moist napkin: mejor un pajaro que un caballo . Better a bird than a horse. And the waiter’s joke made me laugh. Made me forget all about the bird shit. But the more I’ve thought of the joke since, what it would be like if someone told it to me in English after I’d been shat on by an Alabamian bird, I don’t think it would hold the same weight.

I don’t know if it would be as fun. Magical realism isn’t just a writing genre in Latin American cultures: it’s a way of seeing the world. For a second at the Tropicana, I thought, yeah, I really do need to watch for the flying horses. No: los caballos que volan . Essay Of Evolution Atheism. As alluded to earlier, Schopenhauer asserts that we think differently in every language, that we construct new ways of seeing that don’t exist in our original language, where there may be lacking a conceptual equivalent. A further inference might be made, which is that we feel differently in every language, too. A bird will more readily shit on me in Spanish, in the language where I’ll more readily laugh at it. It makes sense for me to momentarily fear flying horses in Spanish, as ludicrous as that sounds when I’m translating it now. And Contrast Point By. When I write about essay of evolution atheism Lala, I could tell just the facts: when she was five years old she watched her mother die of tuberculosis, choking on her blood; she was taken in by three vindictive aunts who chopped off her hair, made her kneel on rice so often she rarely had skin there; she’s a raised eyebrow away from five feet tall, but in my memory she’s massive, capable of flooding the kitchen and drowning us with her tears when she cried, and she cried often, in her fear and her anger that I didn’t love her enough. Mega. In her I saw all those sad stories manifested in her body.

She could literally drown me. I did my best not to make her cry. That’s the problem with facts. The truth of how I read her and felt about her slips in around them. Translating words and phrases from Spanish to essay on theory of evolution English, while a vigorous academic exercise, isn’t my greatest difficulty in writing about my past with Lala. What’s most confounding is finding a way to translate her actions.

What if I told you of you write a comparison essay one of the specific ways in which Lala loved: how she kissed me as a child, kissed every place, every powdered part? And that she kissed there well into the years I have memory, kissed even when I could name those private parts, in those days before I felt ashamed of them? How can I translate her intention which, despite all of Lala’s failings, I’ve only ever read as absolute love? I can tell you that in English-speaking MFA workshop critiques, Lala’s love has been compared to the destructive, perverse one found in Kathryn Harrison’s The Kiss , the memoir in which the narrator recounts her love affair with her biological father. What happened to me was abuse, I’ve been informed, and was advised by some peers not to write about it. On Theory Of Evolution Atheism. Or at least fictionalize my story, with the tacit implication it would make readers more comfortable. Is it through these kisses, they asked, that I want to be known as a writer?

Now, long out of the MFA workshop, I still ask myself whether or not I can be trusted now to know what I felt across not just languages, but cultures. To express my struggles with language and interpretation, I need English. To express the mega group work most important parts of of evolution myself, how I learned to love and how I learned to be, I need Spanish. But what does it mean if my facility with Spanish isn’t what it used to be? Through losing a great deal of one of my languages, have I lost significant parts of myself? Now just one more story (or is essay it a riddle, or a joke, a puzzle?), one that Lala told me dozens of times growing up. On Theory Of Evolution. It’s the refrain of my childhood: el cuento del gallo pelon . The story of the bald rooster. Here’s how the story often went: Lala: Do you want me to tell you the story about the bald rooster? Lala: I didn’t say anything about yes . I asked you if you wanted to hear the story of the research format bald rooster. Me: Please, just tell me! Lala: I don’t understand what you mean by please . I’m simply asking if you want to hear the essay story of the bald rooster.

Me: I want to forced drug hear the story! You’re getting on my nerves! Lala: Here you sit talking about nerves and stories when I’m trying to tell you my story of the bald rooster. And on of evolution promote atheism and on this non-story would nightmarishly go. Through this story neither teller nor listener ever leave the question—the story is never finished. It requires perhaps the devotion of a child to continuously ask for more when resolution is and all but dissertation statistics this improbable, and a lover of language to begin the circuitous dialogue in the first place. Essay On Theory Promote. This story, as is for student veterinary nurse turns out, is an promote, appropriate metaphor for my work on the Lala memoir. I’ve been writing parts of it for eleven years, off and on. Friends say “tell me more, tell me more,” and I respond, I am telling it . Lala.

Memoir. What are you writing? I’m writing it. This story. That story. And on and on the dialogue goes with no resolution. I don’t know if there’s any solution to and all the “how do I write this memoir?” dilemma other than to write first and worry over potential problems later. If there’s a solution to my own, it may be in its tentative title. Essay Of Evolution Promote Atheism. Translating my Lala stories requires necessary lies across my languages. Though translation may be maddening, may feel false, may require stops and starts, the alternative is the silence Richard Rodriguez answered with when asked what his grandmother had said.

My grandmother is called Lala. You Write A Comparison. I want to tell you what she said and what she did. How her love could be frightening, and sublime. Through the best words I can find, if not always the exact ones, I’ll try to show you. Rodriguez, Richard. Hunger of essay of evolution atheism Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez . New York: Random House, 1982. Print. Schulte, Rainer and John Biguenet, eds. Theories of cover letter for student Translation: An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida . Chicago: Chicago UP, 2002. Print. Brooke Champagne was born and raised in New Orleans, LA and now writes and teaches in Tuscaloosa, AL.

Her work appears or is forthcoming in Los Angeles Review , New Ohio Review , Prick of the Spindle , and Louisiana Literature , among other journals. She is at work on her first collection of personal essays, and on theory, her memoir about her grandmother, Lala. I used to think I was born for big. things. I would be well-known, admired. Change the testing world. But fame is for the dead. Van Gogh, Once, Francesca Cuzzoni refused to. Essay On Theory Of Evolution Promote. sing the point by first aria in Handel’s. opera. Madame, he said, I know you. are a veritable devil, but I would. have you know that I am Beelzebub, chief of them all. Handel was either a musical genius. or, if Sir Isaac Newton can be. trusted with anything, unremarkable. save for the elasticity of essay on theory of evolution atheism his. Research Papers. Then Handel took the. soprano by the waist and essay on theory of evolution atheism, swore that. Cover Letter For Student Veterinary. he would throw her from the window… Michelangelo in a. Essay Of Evolution Atheism. late at night.

Picture him by. Research. candlelight, working tendon. from bone, muscle from muscle. as if untwining lengths of. Or Professor von Hagen in a. black leather fedora exchanging. fluids for plastic in the most. On Theory Promote. splendid parts of the human. lungs laced with purple veins, translucent sheets of flesh. Watch bones bend in his hands. Watch him fashion, form, sculpt, create. What is art if not tender. revelation?

What is art if not. dedicated to and contrast essay love? Look to the. body. Touch it. Run your. fingers over promote the shapes of it. Taste it. Smell it. Mega Essays Work. The ecstasy of an ear drove Van.

Gogh to essay promote atheism madness, forgetting. hunger and thirst in a comparison essay, the sun. with his canvas empty before. When I connect the freckles on. the back of my left shoulder, I. have a Chagall. Aqueous sky. An anchorless range of. mountains. A tilty, four-layer, rum chocolate cake.

A man, drunk, is dismembered by a. passing train. His wife buys a red. dress, her heart filled with wet. ash. On Theory Atheism. The dress is blue red, cold red. She licks sugar from how do a comparison her fingers. The scrape of her shoes on cement. make her think of on theory promote rats. She sits in the kitchen with her feet on a stepstool. wearing the same expression she puts on for church.

Sir Isaac Newton heard the opening of the dawn. Thomas Edison was afraid of the dark. Essays Work. Lord Carnarvon and essay on theory promote, his dog died at the precise moment. the power failed in papers format, Cairo. Think of the clipped light caught. in the wife’s kitchen window: a measure of blue, a stitch of green, a ribbon of pink across. the bridge of her nose.

How it comes on swift wings, such small disturbances of. Traci O. Connor is essay on theory a novelist, poet, flash-memoir writer, and author of the short story collection, Recipes for Endangered Species (Tarpaulin Sky Press). She has been a professor, a radio talk-show host, and a construction worker. Group Work. She also played college basketball a long time ago, plays the piano sporadically now, cooks without recipes, and loves TV. She lives with her spouse, the essay on theory promote writer Jackson Connor, in Athens, OH with a various number of children depending, one labradoodle, and a cat named Fred.

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alex grey essay Search this Site. Essay Promote! David's latest book: Conversations on the Edge of the Apocalypse. In his latest interview collection, David Jay Brown has once again gathered some of the most interesting minds of today to consider the future of the human race, the mystery of consciousness, the evolution of technology, psychic phenomena, and more. The book includes conversations with celebrated visionaries and and all statistics inspirational figures such as Ram Dass, Noam Chomsky, Deepak Chopra, and George Carlin. Part scientific exploration, part philosophical speculation, and part intellectual rollercoaster, the free-form discussions are original and captivating, and offer surprising revelations. Conversations on the Edge of the Apocalpyse is a new look into of evolution atheism the minds of some of our groundbreaking leaders and is the perfect gift for science fiction and philosophy fans alike. Reflections on a Sacred Mirror. We need transcendent vision to guide us, and the vision of a common good to motivate and drive our creative efforts. Alex Grey is a visual artist with such shamanic power that merely looking at one of his paintings can trigger a mystical state of letter, consciousness. His paintings-- which enjoy wide popularity among the of evolution atheism, psychedelic community-- capture semi-transparent people, revealing their complete physical and metaphysical anatomies in exquisite, mind-boggling detail, often while engaging in activities that make the most use of this unique and amazing technique.

For example, in a piece entitled Copulating, a couple makes love in a fiery ball of passion-- exposing their nervous systems, skeletal structures, and blood-vascular configuration-- as their bodies explode with electrical activity, kundalinic, psychic, and other metaphysical energies. People often have to forced drug testing, look at each painting for awhile before they can make sense out of the details, as there is so much complexity in each piece. The most common response after one looks at an Alex Grey painting for the first time is stunned silence, then a slow oh, my god. Alex's artistic career displays the archetypal shamanic journey between realms-- from the underworld to the heavens. He began his career as a performance artist, doing live pieces that often involved dark ritualistic elements. Essay On Theory Of Evolution Atheism! Although his later work with painting became much more positive, rapturous, and even ecstatic, his early art demonstrates that he wasn't afraid to explore the dark side of cover letter for student veterinary nurse, his psyche.

Alex's work is currently being exhibited in essay on theory, galleries throughout the cover letter for student veterinary nurse, world, and a number of his paintings can be found on essay of evolution promote atheism, posters, greeting cards, and book covers (including my own Voices from the Edge ). Testing Essay! Many of his paintings have been collected into a single volume-- Sacred Mirrors: The Visionary Art of Alex Grey (Inner Traditions, 1990)-- and a second volume is due to be released soon. Alex currently lives in New York City. I interviewed him while he was visiting San Francisco on March 15, 1995, at the beautiful Victorian bed and breakfast where he was staying. He has a mid-western accent, and his voice reminded me of Terence McKenna's. I found him to be very focused, and clear of mind. He came across as a deeply spiritual person, with a strong commitment to promote atheism, integrating his work with his own personal evolution. We talked about the inspiration for his art, the cover for student veterinary, relationship between mysticism and creativity, and explored some of the essay on theory promote atheism, outer-bounds of inter-dimensional travel. Cover Nurse! David: What were you like as a child? Alex: The first memories I have are of lying in bed and seeing textures. First, I would see a pure field, white light, like bliss - ecstatic space. Then I remember a narley snaggle-branched, brownish, ugly dark force moving into that space from the periphery of my perception, coming in on theory, clumps, and then taking over.

This dynamic, ugly sharp texture would terrify me, and it seemed to consume me. I guess it was the primordial chaos. Then little islands of purity would crop up. Mega Essays Group! The pools would clear away and I'd have a white light ocean again. I was around two years old. Very strange.

David: So your earliest memories are tactile, not really visual? Alex: Well, they were internally-based visions of texture, like yin-yang energies, the constant flux of repose and essay motion, or darkness and light. David: Your unique brain's interpretation of the universal energies. Research Papers! Alex: As I got a little older, I became interested in dead animals. I started a small pet cemetery in the back yard, and buried numerous animals back there. David: Were you dissecting any of them? Alex: I didn't really do much dissection. On Theory Of Evolution Atheism! I wasn't so interested in that. It was just being aware of dead animals, and seeing them close up. David: Were you fascinated by the differences between a living and a dead animal?

Alex: Yes, absolutely. They were so still. One day some kid said, Oh, look there's a dead bird. When I picked it up, I found out it wasn't a dead bird. It was a rabid bat, and it bit me on mega essays group, the hand (laughter). I didn't know it was rabid, but it had evidently fallen out of a tree. So, I took it home to show my mom. She said, Aaah, get it out of the house! Then I tried to hang it in a tree, because I knew that they were supposed to hang upside down. I came back an atheism hour later to cover letter for student veterinary, draw a picture of Bobbie the bat, but it had fallen out of the tree again. My mom said that was probably a bad sign.

So we put it in a shoe box. The next day people in like radioactive suits came out with tongs to pick up the essay on theory of evolution promote, poor thing. They put it in a big metal canister and took it away. Sure enough, it was rabid, and I had to go through all these shots in forced drug, the fleshy parts of the stomach area, and in my back. The antitoxin that they injected me with contained dead dried duck embryo and it would leave a lump under my skin. It was very painful. I think that stopped me from picking up dead animals for on theory of evolution atheism awhile. David: Was your mother scolding you, saying things like, Alex, enough with the dead animals already! ? Alex: No, I think she was more worried about my interest in mega work, monster magazines, or monsters in promote atheism, general. David: You mean like Famous Monsters of Filmland ? Alex: Right, and I had a lot of nightmares about devil-dogs. There was a recurring dream of a devil-dog that would kill me in various ways. Maybe it was some kind of a shamanic beast.

One of my first performance pieces had to and contrast essay by, do with a dog. Promote Atheism! David: Do you think that your early childhood interest in monsters and death led to an interest in the occult, which later led to an interest in research, altered states and mystical visions? Alex: I had a particular interest in whatever was strange. Monstrosities, fetal abnormalities, genetic malformations, became strong interests. They were like real monsters.

The caprice of God, as a designer in these various genetic strains, was quite an amazing and fascinating thing-- that we could have two heads, or flippers instead of essay of evolution promote atheism, feet. And it's really miraculous that we don't. We live our lives within normal routines. Altered states of consciousness are condensed experiences that provide crystallized insights. Like dream experiences, they run counter to normal experience and let us see our life in another context, from the vantage point of the altered state. The monster recontextualizes reality and forced essay shows you that life could be another way. A monster is an alternative being, rather than an essay on theory promote atheism alternative state of papers, consciousness.

David: What was your religious upbringing like? Alex: Every week, when I was young, my family went to Methodist church and on theory promote atheism I always respected the teachings of Jesus. But I never got hooked into a sincere spiritual search until my parents left the letter for student veterinary nurse, church. My parents left the on theory of evolution atheism, church in a huff of disillusionment and became agnostic-atheists. That's when God and spirituality started to and all statistics, interest me. David: What age were you? Alex: I was about twelve. The teenage existential years had started to on theory of evolution, come on heavy. I knew there was something undiscovered, but I had to format, get through a lot of depression before I could find it. David: So the essay on theory of evolution promote atheism, age of twelve is when you first started to really question how we got here?

Alex: Well, a couple years earlier, my grandmother died. I saw her get progressively yellower from jaundice, and eventually die. When I asked my father, When is she going to get better?, I remember him saying, that she was not. I knew what dead animals were like, but this was the first person who was close to me who died. It had a big impact.

Alex: I felt life's impermanence, that this body is cover letter veterinary nurse, temporary. Maybe it indirectly fueled the essay of evolution, commitment to my work. I think that every artist or anyone who is mega essays work, trying to accomplish something before their own death has the specter of death grinning over their shoulder . David: Meaning the sense of essay of evolution atheism, urgency that death gives you because you feel the constraint of the time-limit on your life's work? Alex: Right. Work! You have to essay atheism, appreciate each day, and do what you can while you're alive. David: What was it like working as an embalmer in how do you write, a morgue? Alex: I worked in a morgue and a museum of anatomy. I created displays on the history of medicine and disease.

I once did an exhibit on bladder stones. On Theory Of Evolution! David: What's a bladder stone? Alex: Well, it's like mineral deposits in the bladder. David: Like a kidney stone? Alex: Yeah. They used to get rather large and veterinary painful, making it difficult to pee, before the essay on theory promote atheism, invention of ultra-sound detection. Medical science developed ways of cutting for the stone. The museum had a collection of bladder stones, kidney stones, and gall stones, and the surgical tools used to operate on them. Papers Format! They had collections of weird stuff, like a hairball the essay of evolution promote atheism, size of a human stomach taken from a guy who worked in a wig factory and ate hair. There was a skeleton of a guy who had such bad rickets that he pushed himself around in a big wooden bowl. We had specimens of malformations that you rarely see today.

Medical science can intercede more effectively and faster now. In the museum there were jars with siamese twins of all different kinds-- connected at the head, connected at the thorax, connected every which way. That was the most astonishing collection. Then there was the morgue work. I would accept bodies when the funeral home brought them in. It was a medical school morgue, so we prepared the bodies for dissection. When a new body came in, if no one else was there, I would do a simplified Tibetan Book of the Dead ritual, calling their name, and encouraging them to go toward the light. David: Wait, was this on your own that you did this? Alex: It was not with the permission (laughter) of the medical school.

Oh, he's over how do a comparison essay, there reading the Bardo to the dead guy. No, it wasn't standard operating procedure there at the morgue, but I couldn't with full consciousness accept these bodies as pieces of meat. Their spirit might still be hovering around the physical body. Essay On Theory Promote Atheism! David: You definitely felt presences around you? Alex: Oh, I definitely felt it. Maybe it's a projection of and contrast by, my fear of death. I might die today or maybe tomorrow. It's going to happen but I don't know when. There's also a simultaneous repugnance and essay on theory of evolution atheism fear -- terror in a way -- an awesome energy -- the and all, Mysterium Tremendum of one's life.

Lifes limitations are confronting. Basic questions of promote, selfhood arise-- Who am I? What am I? If life and mind goes on after death, where does it go? All those questions come, like a freight train, through your mind whenever you're with dead people. Point By! There was the essay of evolution atheism, work-a-day stuff that I did. I had to pump the bodies full of phenol and formalin, a kind of embalming fluid. I didn't drain the blood before putting in the embalming fluid, like in letter for student nurse, a commercial morgue. Gallons and gallons of embalming fluid would saturate the body, and essay it would puff up. All kinds of nauseating substances would ooze from for student nurse every orifice during that process. Then it would drain off a little bit, and you'd wrap it up. Essay Atheism! Put a little lanolin on the hands and face, wrap them like a mummy, and stick them in the freezer. Occasionally there would be a request from a professor for only particular organs, or particular appendages, like hands were needed once to train hand surgeons.

I had to cover letter, hacksaw off dozens of pairs of hands. David: I don't understand. Why did you have to do that? Alex: Well, there was a convention of hand surgeons doing a workshop. They needed a lot of hands to study and dissect.

David: These people had donated their bodies? Alex: Right. But the hand surgeons, for instance, didn't need the whole body, so somebody had to go and hacksaw off the essay of evolution, hands, or the head. Now the format, head. that was a more intense thing. They had a kind of chainsaw-like device and you could create kind of a sculpture bust. down the shoulders, and then across the of evolution, middle.

You'd have a head, which you'd stick on a tray, and take to the place. That was wild. That was too much. David: How old were you when you were doing this? Alex: Around twenty to twenty four.

David: And how did this affect you emotionally? Alex: It was an unforgettable experience. I felt like I probably could have declined, but then I would never have had that experience in this lifetime. It's doubtful, except in the case of how do you write a comparison essay, a psychotic murderer, that anyone would have that experience outside of a medical school where dismemberment is part and parcel of the daily activities. Maybe if you were a Tibetan funeral preparator doing sky-burials, you chop up the bodies. David: Have you gotten to hold a human brain in essay of evolution, your hand? Alex: Oh yeah, plenty of times, and to and all statistics, me that's the most amazing thing, just to hold the brain.

I teach anatomy now for of evolution artists at NYU, and work we go to a medical school anatomy lab. They always have brains with the essay on theory atheism, spinal cord attached. All those fine threads of neurons, it's awesome. Research Papers! David: It's incredible to hold a brain in your hands, and know that's where the person's whole life experience took place. Have you noticed that when you look at essay of evolution, a dead body, and compare it to them when they were alive, it doesn't even look like them anymore without the animating muscles? Alex: Yeah, I've noticed that. David: As though the animating force, which tenses and holds together the facial muscles, just isn't there anymore. Essays Group Work! Alex: Right.

There's complete relaxation and no tension at all left. If a body came in that had been dead for a few days in the Summer, there was a completely different coloration than if they came in Winter. Bodies prepared by funeral directors are obviously fixed-up to essay of evolution atheism, match the person you might have known. David: So would you use a photograph to work from? Alex: We never got into that. Although, I used to do make-up work on testing essay, my own, and worked with morticians wax to create make-up effects, like Quasimodo and other monsters, but that was not part of the job description there. The medical school diener just embalms and prepares the bodies for dissection, or for simple burial afterwards. David: How did you become involved in performance art?

Alex: Well, that happened when I went to on theory promote atheism, art school in 1970-71. Mega Essays Group Work! Alex: Columbus College of Art and Design in Columbus, Ohio. I was there for on theory atheism two years. I started reading art magazines, and essay read about artists like Vito Acconci and Chris Burden, and the so-called body artists. There were a number of Viennese actionists, who worked in Austria. I got to meet one of those guys, a fellow named Otto Muehl. In the Sixties they did performances that were very violent and sexual.

They used a swans head to enter a women, and then cut off the swans head in orgiastic displays of passion, throwing the blood around. Hermann Nitsch, one of the Viennese actionists, continues to do these kinds of performances where they slaughter lambs, and let the entrails fall all over nude figures strapped up underneath a sort of crucified lamb. Essay Of Evolution Atheism! They're very grisly, and supposedly cathartic displays of performance energy. This fellow Muehl started a place called Actions Analysis Organization. Research Format! It was based on LSD use, communal living and essay on theory Wilhelm Reich's bodywork.

Muehl was a cross between Charlie Manson and a Neo-Reichian bodyworker. He was a charismatic character, and was my introduction to performance work. Soon after that, in testing essay, '72 I started working with dead animals myself. It seemed appropriate since I had worked with dead animals early on, that I should get back to examining the essay on theory, subject of mortality. Many artists, even well known artists today, who are working with meaning and statistics content (rather that formal concerns) often use performance or installation art to on theory of evolution atheism, express themselves, rather than painting. Painting that is rich in meaning and narrative content has been given short shrift during this century, since modernism. David: Are you including people like Laurie Anderson? Alex: She does create some content-driven work. Format! Chris Burden, Vito Acconci, Paul McCarthy, Rachel Rosenthal, Karen Finley, and Diamanda Galas, are all using very strong content in of evolution, their work.

David: There was a dark quality to and all statistics, your early performance art pieces, unlike your contemporary paintings which have a more positive transcendent quality to essay on theory atheism, them. Can you tell me what caused the shift of focus in your creative work? Alex: Well, I had a dramatic series of and all but dissertation, vision states that occurred after doing certain performances. They were performances that were done in the morgue where I worked, using the dead bodies. Using people's bodies in my artwork had questionable ethical ramifications. It was trespassing and there were consequences. I experienced a vision where I was in a courtroom being judged. I couldn't see the face of the judge, but I knew the accuser was a woman's body who I had violated in the morgue work.

She was accusing me of this sin. I said It was for art's sake. This excuse didn't hold up under scrutiny for promote atheism the judge. I was put on lifetime probation and not forgiven. Research Papers Format! The content of my work and my orientation would be watched from on theory promote atheism that point on. It made me consider the ethical intentions of my art. The motivation that moves us to creative work is critical.

David: In terms of the consequences? Alex: Yeah. What does one intend for you write the viewer to experience? I also had an on theory of evolution promote atheism intense experience after I shot photographs of about thirty malformed fetuses from a collection. One night I was lying in bed, but awake. I saw one malformed fetus hovering in front of me. It was like a holographic projection in space which spoke with many voices, all saying the same thing.

It's time for forced drug testing essay you to come with us. We've come to take you. The being itself, the creature in the jar that I photographed, was not an on theory evil being. But somehow, in this holographic hallucination it was a personification of essays, malevolence. It was threatening me, seeking to take over, take control, and promote I felt like I was on the precipice of sanity, about to go over the edge. Forced Testing! I started calling on divine love. I said, Divine love is the strongest power, and I just kept reaffirming that in the face of this being who was calling me. I made a commitment from that point on to reorient myself. After calling that out several times the hallucination dissolved, as if it were banished, and it was replaced by a bluish light that spoke. The light identified itself as Mr.

Lewis, an interplanetary angel, who said he was going to watch over me for of evolution atheism a little while. He would be helpful and papers format guide me. That was mind-changing and life-changing. David: Have you any experiences with Mr. Lewis since?

Alex: I'm not sure. I think he's been working back-stage, and manipulating things. David: What other kinds of experiences have you had? Alex: Well, in Tibetan Buddhist practices one projects visions of deity and guru forms like Garab Dorje, who is one of the earliest Dzogchen masters. Garab Dorje is a very strong spiritual archetype and guru. Although he lived over two thousand years ago, he is accessible as a helper-being because he attained the pinnacle of realization known as the on theory of evolution promote atheism, ja-lus or rainbow body.

By following certain secret practices, a yogi can dissolve their physical body into the essence of the elements, hence the name rainbow body, leaving behind only their hair, fingernails and toenails. It takes about cover seven days to shrink and disappear completely. There is essay on theory of evolution, a continuous lineage of Tibetan masters who have accomplished this seemingly unbelievable feat of self-liberation. The same thing is true with the for student veterinary nurse, great master Padmasambhava. who wrote theTibetan Book of the Dead. With the essay, right mantra and visualization you may experience these masters presence and blessing. David: What relationship do you see between sex and forced drug testing essay death? Alex: They are both inevitable, and they are crystallizations of our life force and our loss of vitality. Orgasms have been described as mini-deaths.

Certainly there can be an ecstatic ego-death, a convergence with the essay on theory promote, beloved during sex. I hope that death will be like a cosmic orgasm, where I'm released into convergence with the infinite one. Certain tantric traditions have sexual rituals to be performed in charnel grounds, and there are some pretty intense paintings of Kali astride corpse Shiva. David: Do you view yourself as a shaman? Alex: I can't really claim that pedigree. Forced Testing! David: In Carlo McCormick's essay in promote atheism, your book, he compares you to mega essays group work, a shaman, and says that it was a necessary part of your journey to atheism, go through the darkness. Alex: Metaphorically, the path of the wounded healer, or the journey of the testing essay, shaman has very important implications for the future of spirituality. No other metaphor sufficiently deals with the journey of humanity. We are wounded, and on theory atheism whether we're going to be the wounded victim, or the wounded healer is our choice. We have wounded the planet. We have wounded our genes.

We've wounded the coming generations. Whether we make some remediation to the environment, and to letter for student nurse, our psyches, is something that only time will tell. David: To promote healing, the essay promote atheism, shamanic approach is to reach into the higher spheres, into the invisible world, into something more than the material universe, to gain knowledge that will help deal with the problems here. Alex: Right, that is critical. We need transcendent vision to guide us, and the vision of a common good to motivate and drive our creative efforts. Another role that is but dissertation, critical at on theory, this time is the role of the Bodhisattva, because this is an archetype of ethical idealism.

In Buddhism, the Bodhisattva, one whose being is enlightenment, expresses their compassion by working for the benefit of all sentient beings. Bodhichitta is altruistic positive motivation in all ones actions. These Mahayana Buddhist teachings emphasize a universal compassion and mega essays work responsibility, and essay promote atheism are the logical consequence of realizing that we are all connected and that we can't turn our backs on a suffering world. I love the and contrast, yogic and shamanic path as a metaphor. A lot of my work is essay atheism, related to those paths. Letter For Student! My early performance work started with an animal, the dead dog pieces, Secret Dog and of evolution promote Rendered Dog.

That was my power animal that opened me up to forced drug testing essay, the world of mortality and decay and led me to the underworld of death. After the morgue pieces and a positive reorientation, my performances dealt with the essay on theory atheism, possibilities of global death from nuclear war, and ecotastrophy. I think that everyone with a conscious sense of responsibility carries around a heavy sadness, fear or guilt about these possibilities. Mega Group! My daughter at age five made a little book about the earth. It started with the a happy earth from the earliest times when Adam and Eve were around. The globe had a happy face. Then the earth was being trashed and the trees and people were dying. The earth was dying. It frightens everyone.

Even young children know the on theory promote atheism, fear. David: How and when did you start painting? Alex: My father was an artist, a graphic designer, and he started teaching me how to draw. So at a young age I was drawing alot, and in research papers format, first grade I was recognized by my teacher who said to the class Alex is going to be a great artist someday. This made me very proud and it probably gave me confidence early on. I think my ability to of evolution promote atheism, draw exceeds my ability to paint. David: You would say that you draw more realistically than, say, expressionistically? Your work seems almost photographic to me. David: Even when you're painting transcendental realms, it appears anatomically accurate. Alex: Right. I use the effect of simultaneous X-ray and Kirlian photography in my paintings.

This combination evokes the cover nurse, appearance of a clairvoyant healers vision. Artists like Malevich, Kandinsky and Mondrian intended their art to be spiritual and essay atheism my motives are not that different than theirs. After the twentieth century, these and other early Modernists wanted to create a new spiritual image divorced from representation. To them, Realism had been an papers format impediment to the development of the spiritual in art. In some ways, I suppose they were right. The nineteenth century European Academies were filled with competent representational art.

A stiff kind of neo-classical realism abounded which occasionally had its peaks in Jacques Louis David and Ingres, but for the most part was simply tiresome and totally bourgeois - portraits or still lifes, scenes from mythology or history. Art seemed like a mirror to promote, the white mans world without a glimpse of the individual visionary soul, let alone a glimpse of the World Soul. The early modernists wanted to mega essays work, bypass the natural world and simply invent forms from their minds. Essay On Theory Of Evolution! This resulted in a great leap forward in and contrast essay, the purely mental and of evolution promote formal development of art. Art was free from the drudgery of representational art. But, when you eliminate references to the body and the external world, it's difficult for some people to identify with the and all but dissertation, aesthetic object. Abstraction is seen as no more than an arrangement of shapes. If you ask Joe Six-pack whether Kandinsky's work is spiritual, that thought might never have occurred to him.

It took weirdo renegade symbolists like Blake, Redon and Delville to deepen the spiritual discourse of art. Like those symbolists, I want to make work that is obviously spiritual. Even if a person doesn't entirely understand the work, they can tell that it points to mystical, idealized or clairvoyant states of consciousness -- states where the mind is expanding into sacred spaces. I want to make visible the body, mind, and essay of evolution promote atheism spirit on a two dimensional canvas. And Contrast Point! Take a multi-dimensional experience, and collapse it into a two-dimensional framework.

I started painting because I was having strong visions that I wanted to of evolution promote atheism, represent. At first, I had no idea about spirituality. I was just showing my raw psyche. At one time in my late teens, I was feeling miserable and depressed about the break-up of a relationship, and research papers had not slept in a few days. I was tossing and turning, and had this vision of a two-headed person. The healthy side was trying to essay on theory promote atheism, pull off the how do a comparison, sick side, and the sick side was laughing, because attempting to remove the shadow was self-destructive and fruitless.

The vision was about the tension of these forces within. It was existentialist adolescent hubris, but it seemed significant enough to make a painting of on theory of evolution promote, it. It was a visionary self-portrait. And Contrast Point! The process of vision and working with the imagination started to essay on theory atheism, interest me. Essay Point! I never wanted to do surrealism or fantasy art.

My work had to directly relate to the nature of the self-- who am I , what am I. The work gets lumped in with surrealist work because it's not traditional representational art. David: Right, that's really a good point. There's a big difference between surrealist and visionary art, and many people confuse them. Alex: I think their intentions are different. Athough, there were artists who were motivated by surrealist and promote visionary intentions. Pavel Tchelitchev, for example. David: And in fact, it should more aptly be termed as a form of realism. Alex: Well, there were artists like Ivan Albright whose work was called magic realism. David: Or spiritual realism. Alex: Yeah, or metaphysical realism.

I've struggled with words that would describe it. There's never been an adequate term. Jean Delville was a great symbolist painter and he called his work idealist. He was an idealist in the German Romantic philosophical tradition of Schelling and Schopenhouer, the Neo-Platonic idealists. Mega! I'm not uncomfortable with the terms symbolism or idealism. My work is symbolic and projects ideal archetypes. The wounded healer has to on theory promote, project an image of health in order to heal, and has to fight on statistics, the side of good. David: Who are some of the atheism, other artists who have influenced you? Alex: There are two or three painters from this century who I relate to strongly. There's the Belgian symbolist painter Jean Delville. His work addresses the dualisms of body and soul, spirit and forced essay matter.

The second is essay atheism, Ernst Fuchs who is a much under-appreciated Viennese fantastic realist painter. The third artist is Pavel Tchelitchev, who's most famous painting, Hide and Seek is in the Museum of Modern Art, and well-known to essay by, many psychedelic afficianados. It's a magnificient piece done in 1940-41. He spent the essay promote, remainder of his career, 1942-56 studying the human anatomy, the subtle anatomy and forced testing spiritual networks of energy. David: I like that phrase subtle anatomy, because that's what I really feel that you're capturing. Of Evolution Promote! I've never seen anybody do what you've done. Was he doing something similar? Alex: My work relates strongly to Tchelitchev. After acid trips, I started having visions of glowing bodies with the acupuncture meridians and papers points, chakras and essay of evolution promote atheism auras all inter-relating. I started painting these images and a friend of mega, mine told me that Tchelitchev was doing this kind of thing forty years ago.

He was starting to do translucent bodies that I think were influenced by The Visible Man or Visible Woman seen at essay on theory of evolution, the New York World's Fair of 1939. Also, the use of X-rays must have influenced him to envision a translucent body. Tchelitchev sometimes painted a glow around the body, as well. He was well-versed in Pythagoreanism and alchemy and was deeply into the occult. Whether he ever took mescaline, I don't know. Papers! He was dead before much acid was available. Atheism! He died in '56, and yet he was embraced by psychedelic culture. His career has had its ups and downs in the legitimate art world.

His work is currently gaining momentum after years of neglect. In the and all, early Forties, he got a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art. Of Evolution Atheism! After that, his anatomical work went out of favor because it wasn't related to hot artists like Jackson Pollock. Jack the dripper was big news in Life magazine, and there was a tidal wave of mega essays group work, abstract expressionism that wiped out the magic realists. I think the 21st Century will look back and see the essay of evolution promote, significance of the symbolists -- work that is content-diven, sacred art that is idiosyncratic and personal. I think Tchelitchev's career will be reassessed, and accorded more value. At any rate I see him as a forefather to my artwork. David: How long does it take you on average to and contrast by, complete a painting? There's so much incredible detail. Alex: Sometimes just a few months or it can take a year or more.

David: Do you ever do several pieces simultaneously? Alex: No, I focus on promote, one piece at a time. Research Papers! Each piece absorbs me. Meanwhile, there are visions circling overhead a-mile-a-minute, wanting to land on essay of evolution, the easel. My notebooks are filled with extensive little scribbles of potential pieces. David: Your painting style demonstrates extensive knowledge of papers, human anatomy. Have you ever given thought to the fact that you share the last name with the man who wrote and illustrated Gray's Anatomy ? Alex: I changed my name to Grey at a time when I was doing a lot of performance works about resolving and exploring polarities. It was prior to my name change that I went to the North Magnetic Pole, and essay on theory of evolution promote atheism I shaved half my head of hair, in alignment with the forced drug testing, rational and intuitive hemispheres of the brain. David: So Grey represents a merging of the light and essay dark. Alex: Exactly, Grey is the middle way. I took the name not thinking about the research format, relationship with the essay of evolution promote atheism, Grey's Anatomy.

But, it was fortuitous, and who knows what energies a name will draw into itself. My project has been to revision the human anatomy and include the non-material dimensions. Medical texts don't address the soul level. Dissecting the format, body cannot reveal a soul. David: I'm curious. Promote! What do you personally think happens to human consciousness after biological death? Alex: I accept the and all statistics, near-death research and Tibetan bardo explanations. Soon after physical death, when the senses shut down, you enter into the realms of light and archetypal beings.

You have the potential to realize the clear light, our deepest and truest identity, if you recognize it as the true nature of your mind and are not freaked out. If you don't, you may contact other less appealing dimensions. No one can know, of course until they get there. Some people have had experiences which give them certainty, but consciousness is the ultimate mystery. I'd like to surrender to atheism, the process on it's deepest level when death occurs, but I will probably fail, and be back to interview you in how do a comparison, the next lifetime. (laughter) David: What's your concept of God? Alex: My daughter said the other day, God must think it smells down in the sewer.. I thought that was an interesting statement. She said that because God is everywhere, and God is everything, God would be in the stinky places, too. God is the infinite oneness. Oneness, but also infinite. That is the meaning of non-dual.

God is love. While we were tripping we thought, Love is the part of the all that's all of the all. Of Evolution Promote Atheism! Divine love is infinite and omnipresent, but our experience of it is research, partial and on theory of evolution promote incomplete from day-to-day. If you have a loved one you have access to the infinitude of divine love. You Write! Even though Buddhists would not use the word God, the non-dual nature of mind, voidness, clarity, and infinite compassion, as described in the Buddhist teachings, is not different than the experience that I call God. Ken Wilber uses the essay on theory atheism, ladder metaphor. There are different rungs, the mega essays work, material realm, the emotional, the mental, then the psychical, and progressively more spiritual hierarchies of states of consciousness and awareness. The highest rungs of the ladder give one the highest context, wherein the entire ladder is seen. The experience of God is the essay on theory promote, highest rung, and papers format also the entire ladder. That's the transcendent and atheism the immanent aspects of a comparison, God. God is the on theory, beyond and also the manifest world - the entire field of events and meanings as Manjushrimitra puts it.

One without the other is mega group work, not the full picture. David: You're describing God simply as a state of consciousness. On Theory! Do you see there being an cover for student intelligent design in the universe. Alex: Absolutely. Wilber says that the materialists can't offer more than a whoops! theory for the universe manifesting. Whoops, it occurred by some chance.

That's an infantile orientation to the complexity and beauty of the evolutionary design of the earth and essay on theory promote cosmos. I think we can come up with something deeper. Spirit, God, Primordial Nature of the Mind, whatever you call it, is the source and and contrast point by goal of it all. Essay Promote! David: How have your experiences with psychedelics influenced both your work and your perspective? Alex: When I came back from the North Magnetic Pole, I knew I was looking for cover nurse something. Alex: I was 21, and I was searching for God.

I didn't know what that was. I was an existentialist. Within twenty four hours of returning from the Pole, I was invited to a party by an acquaintance who would become my wife. She invited me along with our professor, so the professor took me there. On the way, he offered me a bottle of Kalua laced with a high dose of LSD. It was the essay atheism, end of school, and I decided to celebrate.

I drank a good deal of it. Allyson drank the rest. That was my first LSD experience. Tripping that night I experienced going through a spiritual rebirth canal inside of my head. I was in the dark, going towards the forced drug, light, spinning in this tunnel, a kind of an essay of evolution promote atheism opalescent living mother-of-pearl tube. All paradoxes were resolved in this tunnel -- dark and forced testing essay light, male and female, life and essay on theory of evolution promote death. It was a very strong archetypal experience. Drug Testing Essay! The next day, because it had been my first trip, I called Allyson up, to talk to her about on theory of evolution promote atheism it.

I asked her out that night, and we never left each other. It's been over twenty years. Within twenty-four hours of announcing that I'm looking for God, an LSD experience opened me up on a spiritual, evolutionary path, and I had met my wife. It was miraculous. My prayers were answered.

Allyson and I have maintained an ongoing psychedelic sacramental relationship. We have often tripped laying in bed, blindfolded or in and all statistics, a beautiful environment. On Theory Atheism! Then, coming out of and contrast point by, blindfolds, we write and draw. David: Oh wait, you were the person who put together those isolation masks. David: Yeah, right. I've see them advertised in essay promote atheism, High Times. David: That's a brilliant idea, putting ear plugs and eye shades together. Sort of a portable isolation tank. I made my own pair actually.

So you'd wear those when you were tripping? Alex: We used it as a blank screen to project our imagination on to. I saw it as an art object, as well. We made a limited edition of twenty-five hundred, and sold them all over the world. Then we sold the business. David: You've tried one of John Lilly's isolation tanks haven't you? Alex: Oh yeah, isolation tanks are great. You do get a different sense with immersion. David: Have you ever actually tried to do any work while you were tripping?

Alex: A little -- The results are interesting and remind me of the trip, but it's not my most successful work. My work takes a steady mind, eye and hand to accomplish. How Do You Write A Comparison Essay! The psychedelic helps me to access the infinitude of the essay on theory of evolution, imagination, allowing me to see countless interpenetrating dimensions. William James says that no model of reality can be complete without taking these alternative dimensions of how do you write, consciousness into account. Since I want to promote atheism, make art dealing with the nature of consciousness and spirit, I have to experience higher dimensions of consciousness. During a trip I will have visions that are crystallizations of my life experience, or something completely surprising. You may enter a dimension that you've never known before, and it seems very real, more real than this phenomenal world. That other reality seems to research format, be tinkering with this one, or acting like a puppet-master to this one. Promote Atheism! I want to and contrast by, reveal the inter-relationships between the different dimensions in my work. David: To act as a bridge between dimensions?

Alex: Consciousness is that bridge. Essay Of Evolution! Making interdimensionality visible validates it for people who have had that experience. But Dissertation! They can see a picture outside of their own heads, and say, It was something like this. I'm not crazy. There's plenty of people who've had those experiences. Perhaps the work can be useful in that way. I've talked to people who use my paintings as a tool to access the dimensions that are represented. Some people trip and look at the book, or look at the art, and key into the states that are symbolized there. That is a psychedelic or entheogenic full circle. I glimpsed the visions while tripping, come back and essay on theory promote atheism made the testing, work.

Then people trip and access the essay on theory atheism, higher state that produced the vision. The painting acts a portal to the mystical dimension. That is the real usefulness of the work, and it is the great thing about any sacred art. David: To act as something like an access code, or a doorway to veterinary, a particular dimension, reality, or vibration. David: How has your wife influenced your work? You say that you met her on that night you did psychedelics together. Has she remained as powerful of an influence?

Alex: Totally. Together we are a third mind that neither one of us alone could ever be. We guide each other's art. We did a performance together called Life Energy in 1978, and I made these life-sized charts of the body -- one of the Eastern model of Life Energy, and the other was the of evolution, Western anatomical model of the nervous system. And Contrast! I demarcated an area in front of the image, so that a person could stand in that zone and try to essay of evolution promote atheism, mirror the system on the chart within their own body. We led several exercises during the Life Energy performance. As we were walking away afterwards, Allyson said, It would really be great if you did fully detailed oil paintings of these different systems that people could stand in front of. The charts had been the most successful thing about that performance. Cover For Student Nurse! At that moment I was doomed to doing the Sacred Mirrors.

Allyson was really the inspiration behind it. She's inspired me to do numerous paintings -- some of my best work. She's a great designer in her own work and I collaborate with her on her paintings, too. David: And you've worked on essay on theory of evolution atheism, paintings together as well. Alex: Yes.

Allyson did the secret writing in the halo of the Sophia painting. And Contrast! My most recent works, Transfiguration and on theory promote Prostration, use Allyson's geometric grid systems. They relate to the kaleidoscopic DMT complexities and to sacred geometries. Her own work is cover letter nurse, very strong, and I'm influenced by of evolution promote atheism, being around it. David: In the preface to the book Sacred Mirrors , you say that you and your wife actually shared the same vision of the letter nurse, energy fountains and drains. Alex: Right. The Universal Mind Lattice. Of Evolution Promote! That was an extraordinary trip that really convinced me of the reality of the transpersonal dimensions. We experienced the same transpersonal space at the same time. That space of connectedness with all beings and things through love energy seemed more real to both of us, than the phenomenal world.

It changed our work. Essay Point! From that point on we had to make art about that vision. There was nothing more important than that. David: Have your dreams inspired you? If so, how have they influenced your work? Alex: Sure. I had a dream that I was painting the Transfiguration painting before I actually did it. I did DMT a few weeks later, and I was immediately thrust into the space of atheism, that painting I had dreamed of.

I was experiencing what it would be like inside of the painting, and and all what state of being I would try to essay, project. Having seen it in a dream, I could clarify certain elements. It became clearer, although not all questions were solved. Shaving half of my hair off was an image that came in a dream, as well. In the dream, I opened up a garbage can and saw myself with this haircut.

David: Are there any other avenues that you use to and contrast by, access the unconscious, and what else has inspired you? Alex: Oh sure. Creative visualization is essay of evolution promote, surprisingly effective. And All But Dissertation Statistics! Also shamanic drumming can be a pathway to on theory of evolution promote, expanded, imaginative territories. Sometimes doing nothing at research, all you can receive powerful visions. Once I was waiting for on theory of evolution the subway, tired after a day of teaching, and I saw the World Soul piece which I then worked on for two years. I was in no altered state and was not anticipating anything in particular. And Contrast By! I like to keep the door open and be permeable to these transdimensional blow-darts of atheism, vision. Essay! I believe that I am being used by the Logos. The images are sent to me. David: So you feel like sometimes you're not really doing it, like it's just happening though you?

Alex: No, I know that I'm physically creating the work. But the vision is being given as a gift. Other creative and receptive people are receiving other visions, but these are my gifts, and I'm supposed to manifest them. David: Was there anything else in particular that inspired you beside psychedelics, your relationship, and dreams? Alex: Art of different cultures. There's shamanic art from various world cultures. Tchelitchev was not the on theory of evolution, only artist painting translucent bodies.

Shamanic artists from all over the world have made X-ray art, where they see into research papers the body and the interpenetrating energies. Some artists have a clairvoyant perception of the body. The Huichol Indians of Mexico base their culture and spiritual life on essay on theory atheism, their ritual and ceremonial peyote use. Huichol artists see through the body and but dissertation statistics see energies surrounding it and show great jets of light around the bodies in their yarn paintings. On Theory Of Evolution Promote Atheism! There are numerous cultures with a tradition of subtle body art. David: Like Pablo Amaringo's work.

Alex: Ayahuasca visions. And All Statistics! Yeah, terrific stuff. I'm inspired by essay on theory of evolution, psychedelic art of all kinds. Ernst Fuchs and Mati Klairwein, are European painters still painting today, who are inspired similarly. Thangka painting, the sacred art of the Tibetan Buddhists, has been an influence. I feel like we now have access to the spiritual traditions and visual cultures of most of the world's great civilizations. Artists have never had that before. It's like the seals of the Apocalypse are opening and during the Twentieth Century we get to see humanities past life review. Cave art was recently discovered in France.

Art done tens of thousands of papers, years ago, inspired by essay atheism, the Goddess and Shamanic magic is now available. Artists are in a unique position at point, the end of the Twentieth Century to access all visual traditions, and synthesize them in an evolving universal spiritual tradition. David: I'm curious about your views on essay on theory of evolution, the evolution of consciousness. Alex: It seems to me the universe is like a self-awareness machine. I think the world was created for each individual to and all statistics, manifest the boundless experiences of identity with the entire universe, and on theory with the pregnant void that gives birth to and contrast by, the phenomenal universe. That's the Logos. That's the point of a universe, to increase complexity and self-awareness. The evolution of consciousness is the counter-force to the entropic laws of essay on theory of evolution, thermodynamics that end in stasis, heat death, and the loss of order. The evolution of consciousness appears to gain complexity, mastery, and drug essay wisdom. Lessons are learned over a lifetime-- maybe many lifetimes.

And the soul grows and hopefully attains a state of spiritual awakenedness. Buddha was the Awakened One. On Theory! To be able to access all the simultaneous parallel dimensions, and come from a ground of love and infinite compassion like the awakenedness of the Buddha, is you write a comparison, a good goal for the evolution of consciousness. The spiritual fruit in essay promote atheism, many spiritual paths is compassion and wisdom. David: So as a result are you optimistic about the future evolution of cover letter for student, humanity? Alex: That's a big leap. (laughter) I have some optimism about the potential for human beings to essay on theory promote atheism, manifest Buddhic qualities of compassion, spiritual heroism, and reverance for all life. And Contrast Essay! There's always problems in this phenomenal world, but if we maintain ideal ethical views we can cause less harm. There's hope for essay of evolution atheism a future to hand our children, and their children. There is also despair over the deludedness and the catastrophic disasters that human beings have created. I don't like vacillating between fear and hope. Mega! The Buddhist teachings caution against entrapment in those emotions.

But we're in samsara, and subject to emotions. Ultimately, I'm optimistic because the primordial nature of of evolution, mind will never change no matter what happens. Our consciousness may appear in another universe, or in another dimension, but in some form the energy will be around. Consciousness just recycles. David: Has raising a family at a comparison essay, all interfered with your creative work? Maybe I should ask that differently. How has raising a family affected you creatively? Alex: (Laughter) I have a wonderful daughter. Of Evolution Atheism! Spending time with your family takes alot of cover for student, time away from essay of evolution promote atheism painting, but it's my opportunity during her youth to be with her. She's going to be our only child during this lifetime. If I don't spend time with her now, I will have missed out.

So, we take advantage of how do you write a comparison, it and enjoy seeing her stages of growth. Her art development is wonderful. She teaches us and essay of evolution promote is a great teacher. You need to and all but dissertation statistics, spend time with your teachers in order to learn new things, and these things find their way into my work. Essay On Theory! All of essay, my life experiences influence and deepen my work. Having a family, and profound, loving relationships, gives me tremendous joy. Essay Of Evolution Atheism! The world needs this positive energy.

I accomplish less because I spend more time with my family, but I use the experiences we've had to make more profound work. But Dissertation Statistics! David: Can you tell me a little bit about the projects that you're currently at essay on theory of evolution, work on? Alex: I'm working on my next book-- Transfigurations. It will include the work about the World Soul sculpture that I worked on for two years. It will have recent paintings, and probably a chapter on but dissertation, self-portrait work. From the time I was fifteen years old I have done a serious series of self-portraits. The book will contain some writing about the nature of the on theory of evolution promote, self.

I'm working on a painting called Nature of Mind. Veterinary! I've been thinking about it for a long time. It's an altar piece, a seven paneled work that portrays the Dzogchen teachings of the sky-like nature of mind. Essay On Theory Of Evolution! David: You spoke a little bit about papers what inspired the Sacred Mirrors project before. Did you want to say a little bit more about on theory atheism what the how do you write a comparison essay, concept was behind it? Alex: The Sacred Mirrors, are a series of twenty one panels that examine in essay of evolution atheism, fine detail the nurse, human physical and metaphysical anatomy -- the body, mind, and essay on theory of evolution promote atheism spirit. Each Sacred Mirror presents a life-sized figure directly facing the viewer, arms to the side and palms forward (the anatomical position). This format allows the viewer to cover letter for student veterinary nurse, stand before the painted figure and essay on theory of evolution atheism mirror the image. People have reported that by using the format, paintings in this way, a resonance takes place between one's own body and the painted image, creating a sense of seeing into oneself.

The last time they were exhibited all together, I had the on theory, opportunity to and contrast essay point, trip with them. I felt like I was experiencing a new kind of subtle body work. On Theory Promote Atheism! When I was standing in front of the Psychic Energy System my vital essence was pulled out through my eyes, and into the painting, like a magnet. My vitality went into this glowing body, and like electrons zipping around a hard drive, I was being reformatted by the painted image of a perfect template. My vital essence was unkinked, purified and intensified. Then this essence oozed out of the painting and and all but dissertation back into my body. The painting acted like a tool that catalyzed the evolution of my consciousness. The Sacred Mirrors were a job I was given to do. They were a gift from the future, projected into my mind stream to bring benefit to others through healing art -- a life-preserver tossed back into essay promote atheism the time stream to be yanked towards the evolutionary future. Alex: Right. Forced Drug Testing Essay! The Sacred Mirrors have periodically been exhibited at various museums and galleries around the world.

Allyson and I are committed to making them accessible to people in essay of evolution atheism, the form of a chapel, a permanent public space for the Sacred Mirrors. But Dissertation Statistics! A Chapel of the Sacred Mirrors would bring together all twenty-one paintings in a domed circular room with guardian sculptures between each piece. I think of the Chapel surrounding the atheism, Sacred Mirror room as a pyramidal structure containing a Sacred World Globe. The Globe symbolizes the collective spiritual consciousness of the letter for student veterinary nurse, planet, the noosphere, to use de Chardin's term. The pyramidal architecture of the Chapel will symbolically draw in and focus healing and spiritual energies on planetary and personal awareness. The Chapel will act as a catalyst or an on theory of evolution accelerator for and contrast by the evolution of consciousness by displaying visionary and sacred art which evokes higher mind states. The spiritual legacy of humanity, East and West, from indigenous shamans to the world's major religions would be acknowledged and honored there. I'm creating an architectural model of the Chapel and working with a software company to make a virtual Chapel on CD-ROM, or possibly a Web-site which will make the space more accessible. This is a step towards the development of an actual chapel.

We need support to create this chapel. The site has not yet been chosen. Essay! It will be a space for and contrast point by personal transformation, for essay promote atheism ritual and ceremony, for gatherings and papers cultural events. At this critical time in human history, we need places where all spiritual paths are honored. The Chapel of the Sacred Mirrors will celebrate the co-existence of religious diversity and essay of evolution promote fulfill the desire to enter into a unitive vision of World Spirit.

Create your free Business Plan now. Make an on theory of evolution investment-worthy business plan easily with our free template. Select a Industry Fill in the Form. Complete your Business Plan. Print and Download For Free.

Business Plans: Writing Guides, Downloadable Templates, and Samples. Updated February 15, 2017 by Legal Templates. 1. Free Business Plan Template Download. Are you an entrepreneur looking to how do essay, download a free business plan? If so, you have come to the right place. Legal Templates is happy to provide you with a hassle-free document downloads. Click the buttons below to download (1) a blank document, and essay on theory of evolution promote, (2) a document that is filled in for essay by you to reference. Related Business Documents: Click to View. What’s included in the blank template:

In the first download, you will find documents with all of the chapters, section titles, and section subtitles that you will need to successfully complete your plan. Essay Of Evolution Promote Atheism. Our first plan contains the 8 chapters of research papers format, a basic business plan including: Chapter 1: Executive Summary: The executive summary provides investors with a general layout of your company. This chapter is promote atheism essentially your hook to convince potential financiers that your model is worthy of their investment. Chapter 2: Company and Financing: In this chapter, the a comparison essay, goal is to essay of evolution promote, outline the legal and operational structure of how do you write essay, your company, financing requirements, the history behind the company, mission statement and the management team. If you are forming a corporation, be sure to include your Articles of Incorporation here. Chapter 3: Products and Services: This section describes what products and/or services your business will sell (now and in the future), and how you will build, assemble and deliver them.

It also offers a comparison of your company and your direct and essay on theory promote atheism, indirect competitors. Chapter 4: Customers and Market Analysis: The customers and market analysis page indicates your target customer segments, what needs you are filling for them , and forced drug, the latest trends among these consumers in terms of growth and behavior. Chapter 5: Marketing and Sales: The marketing and sales chapter allows you to describe how you will sell your product/service. Of Evolution Atheism. Particularly what are your company’s strategies for and contrast essay point positioning, pricing, promotion and distribution. Of Evolution Promote Atheism. Chapter 6: Strategy and Implementation: This chapter will give you an opportunity to set the key milestones that help establish a timeline of progress towards your goals. Additionally, it includes subsections like SWOT analysis, competitive edge, and mega essays group work, strategic alliances. Chapters 7 + 8: Financial Plan, Sales Forecast, Financial Statements: In the final two chapters, entrepreneurs must define and calculate the financial variables that will go into the creation/expansion of of evolution promote, your idea, including its expenses, your anticipated sales forecast, personnel plan, cash flow assumptions, and more. If you are purchasing an existing company, you should also include the business purchase agreement in your plan. What’s included in the template with sample text:

In the essay, second download, we give you a completed ice cream shop plan to reference. Each section gives an example of on theory promote atheism, what you should write. Our guide also includes example graphs and charts, so that you are aware of the types of group, financial calculations, plans, and forecasts that a plan should offer to attract investment. For guidance on what you should include in your plan, and of evolution atheism, why, please reference our How to Write a Business Plan set of cover, articles below. Downloading this small business plan comes at no cost, so feel free to start your download and get started. However, you should be aware that there are some pros and on theory promote atheism, cons to group work, using free business templates, rather than using professional software or an experienced writer. Writing a business plan is a prerequisite to your company’s success.

A solid plan is necessary to help found your company and ensure that your goals remain on track over time. Your plan can and will change as you encounter the of evolution, unpredictable variables that come with starting your own company. If you have an existing company, crafting a solid plan is equally important if you’re hoping to attract investment and expand your company beyond the limits you’ve already reached. Your business strategy should account for the next 3-5 years in letter for student advance, and cover every aspect of your industry, including the critical relation between marketing and on theory, sales to your company’s finances. Your plan should include the how do you write a comparison, following sections before you submit it to investors. Click each accordion to read a how-to guide for promote atheism each chapter: “How to Write a Business Plan” Table of Contents: How to Write the Executive Summary. The executive summary contains all of the essential information about what makes your business strong and worthy of investment . It covers the major highlights of the rest of essay, your plan’s chapters.

The goal is to briefly tell your reader what your company will do, where you want to take it, and why your business idea will be successful. On Theory Of Evolution Atheism. If you are seeking financing, the point by, executive summary is your first opportunity to grab a potential investor’s interest. The executive summary will be the first chapter of your business plan, though it’s actually the last section that you should write . First, you’ll need to do heavy research to ensure that your plan is sound before you can write the executive summary. This section will be different depending on if you are an established business or a new startup. A startup company’s executive summary will need to be interesting and of evolution promote, convincing to capture the attention of investors.

Your company will lack the historical data and trends that existing companies are able to provide, but there are strategies to mitigate these factors. First, you’ll need to briefly explain who you are, the background of your management team, and your reasoning behind starting a business in your chosen niche. Secondly, you’ll need to demonstrate that you’ve done quality research that supports how you’ve conceptualized your business. Investors know that talk is cheap – do you have the you write essay, data and analysis to essay on theory, back up your claims? Even in a standard plan, the executive summary for an existing business has no set template, although there are several suggested guidelines that you can find around the papers format, web. We suggest the following basic template – feel free to add or subtract sections according to essay on theory promote atheism, your own needs:

Summary Management Team Products and Services Customers Marketing and forced, Sales Financial Forecast Financing Requirements (optional) Describe the purpose of the plan (e.g.; to raise a specific amount of essay of evolution atheism, debt financing to how do a comparison essay, expand a store location) as well an overview of the company (name, location, company type, products sold, founder(s) and founding date). Describe the key milestones or objectives that you want to achieve with this business (these are the tangible results in which you use to essay of evolution atheism, prove success of the venture). This statement should be concise and to the point. Summarize the members of the management team, including highlights of their expertise and and contrast point, experience . Describe how each member contributes to the success of the organization. Keep this section brief, as you will go into on theory promote atheism more detail in the Products and research format, Services section. Products and Services. Describe the products and essay of evolution promote atheism, services you are providing and who the research papers format, competitors are within the industry . Keep this section brief, as you will go into more detail in the Products and Services section. Describe whom your customer groups are and essay on theory atheism, whom your key customers are , as well as how you will market to them. Keep this section brief, as you will go into and contrast essay by more detail in the Market section. Describe briefly how you will market your product or service.

Summarize the on theory of evolution, major points in the Marketing and Sales chapter, which may include market positioning, pricing, promotion, and but dissertation statistics, distribution. Summarize the most important points from the essay on theory promote atheism, Financial Plan section here. This should include your sales forecasts and projected expenses as well as the for student veterinary nurse, logic behind the projections. If you are a new company, describe when you expect to turn a profit . If you are an existing company, highlight past financial performance. 7. Financing Requirements (Optional) Summarize the amount of equity and/or debt financing that you are seeking, when you need it, the use of the on theory, funds, and research, when you expect to reach your next milestone event and/or start paying back the loan. Keep this at an overview level , as you will go into more detail later on in other chapters. Note: This is a complex question that you cannot answer until you complete your plan, so it is highly recommended you work your way through the entire writing process first . In particular, complete the financial planning process before attacking this section. Only then will you be able to essay of evolution promote, identify the amount of money you will need to raise.

With these sections fleshed out, you’ve finished your executive summary. How to Write the Company and Financing Chapter. The company and finance section of your plan is important, because introducing the management team is critical for both start-ups and established companies alike. Investors will use this information to gauge the future likelihood of success. Company and Financing Sections. Company Overview Management Team Required Funds (optional) Exit Strategy (optional) Mission Statement (optional) Company History (optional) Location and how do a comparison, Facilities (optional)

There are many variations and approaches on how to lay out the on theory of evolution atheism, various components of a business plan. Our approach for the company overview section is to provide the reader with the company’s legal information, address and a brief description of the company’s history. Since there are follow up sections in this chapter that over forced drug testing go the company’s location and history in more detail, you will want to keep this short (2-3 sentences). A BRIEF PRIMER ON COMPANY TYPES. The optimal company type is best determined by a credible Attorney. The primer below is meant only to explain the broad differences between the most common company types. A sole proprietorship, according to the IRS: “A sole proprietor is someone who owns an unincorporated business by him or herself.”

While the most simple to essay, set up and the most common, there is a significant drawback: you will be personally liable for essays group any obligations. So for example, if you sell someone a cupcake and essay atheism, they sue you because they found a hair in it, and you lose in research format court, the creditors can legally go after your personal possessions – such as the roof over your head. A partnership, according to on theory promote atheism, the IRS: “A partnership is the relationship existing between two or more persons who join to you write, carry on a trade or business. Essay Promote. Each person contributes money, property, labor or skill, and expects to share in the profits and losses of the company.” A partnership has certain advantages compared to a LLC, such as not needing to file formation documents when setting up a partnership, and not needing to for student veterinary, file dissolution documents if dissolving the essay on theory promote atheism, partnership. However, similar to sole proprietorships, partners in mega essays group a partnership have unlimited liability for essay on theory promote atheism the company’s debts and liabilities. Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) LLPs are different from traditional partnerships in that there are two classes of partners: (1) General partners that have full management and control but also full personal liability and (2) Limited partners that have no personal liability beyond their investment in the partnership interest. Cover Letter For Student. Limited partners are often times “silent partners” that wish to invest in the venture but limit their exposure to liability. A corporation is a separate legal entity owned by on theory shareholders. A corporation is testing commonplace for businesses that anticipate seeking venture capital financing.

The downside to essay on theory promote atheism, a corporation is the problem of “double taxation” since the corporation’s profits is letter for student veterinary nurse taxed at the corporate level, and then any dividends distributed to essay on theory atheism, shareholders are then taxed again at mega essays work, the personal level. You can elect a special tax status with the IRS to have your corporation not be taxed at the corporate level (instead, it would be taxed as a pass-through entity). Of Evolution Promote Atheism. Some of the drawbacks include not being able to essay, have more than 100 shareholders , and not being able to have non-US citizens/residents. A popular choice among many small businesses , a LLC limits the member’s personal liability and only taxes profits at essay on theory promote atheism, the individual level (acts as a pass-through entity). Describe the group, type of company you plan to open, along with the registered name you plan to use. Explain your rationale – for example, if you are starting a company where you plan on seeking venture capital financing, then you will want to start a C-Corporation as majority of VCs will insist on this legal structure. If you have a home office/no dedicated business address. Include your current office setup and your future office plans once your company expands, if applicable. For start-ups, and especially those seeking financing, the Management Team section is especially critical. With the lack of history, there is little investors can go by to gauge the on theory of evolution, future success of by, a venture. The question lenders and investors will ask: Why should we trust your team with our money?

You must demonstrate your team’s ability to execute on the stated goals. To accomplish this, you should highlight: Background of each member of the management team (education, relevant work experience, etc.) Roles and responsibilities within the company. Tip: Don’t include details about members of the Management Team that are not relevant to the reader. Everything presented should reinforce why your team is the right team to execute on the company’s vision. If you have an established business the information you want to present is the same.

Keep in essay on theory mind, however, that you also want to work, demonstrate that your team has the capability to manage growth of the on theory promote, company. As a company grows from start-up to established business, the management team must also change. They must be able to manage employees, institute standardized systems, and and contrast essay, ensure the business’s ability to scale operations while keeping profitability stable. If you already have a Board of Directors and/or Advisory Board, list these individuals and a brief description. In a publically trading company the Board of Directors is elected by the shareholders and is the highest authority in the management of the company. Of Evolution. For our purposes (context of a private company that is most likely a startup or small but growing business), a Board of Directors is comprised of a comparison, investor(s), founder(s), CEO and independent board member(s) who have substantial business and on theory of evolution promote, industry experience. A Board of papers format, Director’s typical responsibility is to promote atheism, set broad policies for and contrast essay the company, determine compensation for company management, and approve annual budgets. An advisory board is a group of business leaders that can help guide your company and of evolution atheism, provides it with assistance when needed. Choose individuals with knowledge in your industry and are willing to play a role in your company . While some advisors are compensated, it comes down to a case-by-case basis, frequently depending on how much time the member is committed to your company. Tips on and contrast, building your Advisory Board: Choose a well-respected and well-known individual as the first member of your Advisory Board.

This will help you to recruit other members of the essay on theory of evolution atheism, Board. Choose individuals that have strengths and relationships your business will need. As your business evolves, so will the members of your Advisory Board. Feel free to essay point, shake up the line up over time. In this section you will tell the reader how much money you need to on theory, raise, what you are going to how do a comparison, use it for, and how you got to the requested amount. Important note: This is essay on theory of evolution atheism a complex question that you cannot answer until you complete your plan, so it is highly recommended you work your way through the entire writing process and in particular, complete the research papers, financial planning process. Only then will you be able to identify the amount of money you will need to raise.

There are two primary financing options: equity and debt. The primary difference between equity and debt financing is on theory of evolution promote atheism that debt financing is by essentially a loan that is backed by your assets or via a personal guarantee. If your company is on theory of evolution already in existence and has trading history, then you may also secure a loan off of your receivables. In contrast, equity financing is how do essay essentially you exchanging a stake in your company for a specific sum of money from an investor . Therefore, the amount you are able to raise from investors comes down to how much they value your company. There are three fundamental questions every savvy investor will ask you: Cool idea, how do you make money with it? How much money do you need, and why and essay on theory of evolution promote, when? What do you think your company is and contrast point by worth? If you are seeking financing (regardless of its equity or debt), that most likely means that your financial model shows your company taking a loss in essay on theory atheism the initial stages, followed by break-even and subsequent profitability. The money you are seeking to how do, raise will simply allow you to have enough cash to cover the initial period where you will be taking a loss so that you can eventually make a profit. This is a simplification; you may be raising money to further grow your company, which may already be profitable.

Or you might use the financing to get your product to the next stage in its product development lifecycle (i.e.; milestone event). But the essay on theory promote, general concept is the testing, same; the investment you are seeking bolsters your company’s cash position , allowing it to grow revenue and/or profitability. Cool idea, how do you make money with it? / How much money do you need, and why and when? The financial statements provide the answer to the first two questions (which is why we recommend you complete your plan first). Essay Of Evolution. To answer how much money you need, analyze the and all statistics, cash flow statement to determine the cumulative cash flow.

The lowest point on this curve will tell you what your maximum financing needs are , and at what point in time. What do you think your company is worth? The third question is much harder to answer, especially for on theory promote a new company. At the end of the format, day it really comes down to what an essay on theory promote atheism investor thinks your company is worth (which is more art than science). However, there are three popular methods of valuing a company that can help you come up with a valuation to facilitate the essay by, negotiation. Cost approach (asset based approach) The cost approach seeks to atheism, determine a company’s value by but dissertation analyzing the market value of its assets. In other words, in this approach the company is worth the sum of essay on theory, all its assets if they were to be liquidated . But Dissertation Statistics. This approach may be appropriate for some industries such as real estate where the asset value may actually be worth more than the going concern value (present value of essay, future cash flows generated by the asset). However, for research papers format many companies the value of its branding and reputation, along with its ability to generate profits, will exceed the value of its assets. The market approach seeks to determine a company’s value by essay analyzing recent sales of similar assets, with the but dissertation statistics, theory that valuations of similar companies can serve as a good proxy.

This is a common approach in the real estate industry. The income approach seeks to determine a company’s value by using its expected profit over time and essay on theory promote atheism, then placing a value on that future stream of income in letter for student veterinary today’s terms . Since there is essay inherent uncertainty with a future stream of letter for student, income, there are numerous ways to discount that expected income to account for risk. Now you have all the pieces to complete the equation. You have the amount of money you need by looking at promote, cumulative cash flow. You also have an idea of how much money your company will be worth.

Equation to determine how much equity you should offer: Equity to papers format, offer = Company Valuation / Money needed. If raising debt, you are not exchanging equity for cash. Instead, you should focus on the loan’s interest rate and payment schedule. Make sure you will be turning a profit that is both large enough and of evolution, soon enough to ensure there is no delinquency on servicing the loan. For equity financing, answer the research format, following: Investment amount needed When you need it How much time it will buy you / When you expect to turn a profit or get to the next milestone event % of equity offered and at on theory of evolution promote atheism, what company valuation (you may wish to group work, keep exact figures vague in order to further negotiate) Exit strategy.

For debt financing, answer the on theory of evolution, following: Loan amount needed When you need it When you will be able to pay back the loan The amount and frequency of cover for student veterinary nurse, loan payments. In addition to the information above, you should also summarize how you plan to use the funds. The level of detail should be at a high level ; if the investor or lender wants to see expenses in more detail that will be available in the Appendix within the Profit/Loss statement. Construction of new kitchen: Kitchen remodeling, March 1, 2014, $25,000 Kitchen hardware, April 1, 2014, $50,000 Total Loan Amount: $75,000. If based on your financial model you anticipate relatively small yet variable expenses month to month, a line of credit may be a good choice.

With a line of credit you draw upon it when you require the funds and pay interest immediately on the money as it is borrowed. It works very similarly to a credit card in that you typically have a pre-set limit to how much you can borrow, the major exception that since you may be able to secure the line of credit with assets, you may be able to on theory of evolution promote atheism, get better terms. In the Quick Start Guide we briefly went over the different strategies available and essay point, how thinking about essay of evolution, your company’s eventual exit will help shape your business model. It’s recommended you review the Quick Start guide and practice that exercise. Depending on your company, there are various exit strategies available, including: Selling your business Passing it down through the family Taking the company public (IPO) Liquidation. If you are seeking equity financing, then your investors will pay close attention to this section. Group Work. Angel investors and VCs demand a large return on essay on theory, their investment since they are taking a large risk by investing into your company.

Therefore, you need to include detailed information on for student veterinary nurse, how you intend to on theory of evolution promote atheism, sell the company or take it public. Demonstrating a large market opportunity. If investors are going to take a big risk, they demand a big return. You need to demonstrate your business has the potential to you write a comparison essay, either take substantial market share from an essay on theory of evolution atheism incumbent competitor, or create a new market. Investors like to be in hot, growing industries such as biotechnology, mobile e-commerce and healthcare. These are all industries that have huge upside growth potential and ones that investors are more inclined to how do you write, invest in. Solving a larger company’s problem.

If your exit strategy is to sell your company to a larger company, then identify how your company’s product solves that larger company’s stated problems and/or goals. For example, Apple’s mapping software is playing catch-up to Google Maps. If your company can help Apple improve its software, your company would become an attractive acquisition target. The mission statement reflects the core purpose and vision of the company. It’s a statement your employees and customers can get behind. Some tips on essay promote, writing a well-crafted mission statement: Keep it short. 1-2 sentences max. Don’t use “fluff” words.

Make the statement mean something. A mission statement, if done well, should encapsulate both what the company does (what it sells) as well as the essay by, culture/vision/purpose. Examples of Fortune 500 firms that really get it right: A. BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY (PHARMACEUTICALS) Mission Statement: “To discover, develop and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases.” Why it’s great: The keywords “discover, develop and deliver” demonstrate the essay atheism, company’s capability to in delivering an end-to-end solution. By using the words “innovate” and “prevail over serious diseases” it serves as a rallying call for by their thousands of employees that what they are doing is essay of evolution promote (1) cutting edge and (2) has a higher purpose then themselves.

Mission statement: “ We will be the easiest pharmacy retailer for customers to use.” Why it’s great: In one short sentence, the company has managed to (1) describe what it sells (2) how it will win in papers the marketplace. It is a pharmacy retailer and it will solely focus on promote atheism, making itself easier for the customer to use (that could mean so many things, such as innovating online to fulfill prescriptions to improved customer service within their stores). Example of poorly written mission statements. A. FORTUNE 500 FOOD AND BEVERAGE COMPANY. Mission statement: “ The Company’s primary objective is to maximize long-term stockholder value, while adhering to the laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates and at all times observing the highest ethical standards.” Why it’s horrible: It does not serve as a rallying call for employees, suppliers, or partners.

Its objectives are obvious (what company does not want to maximize value) and and contrast essay by, borderline absurd (are there companies that do not want to adhere to local and essay on theory, federal laws)? Lastly, it does not mention what the company actually does. B. FORTUNE 500 VEHICLE PARTS SUPPLIER. Mission Statement: “ We are committed to and contrast essay by, attracting, developing, and keeping a diverse work force that reflects the nature of our global business.” Why its horrible: While a diverse workforce is certainly not a bad thing, only stating that as the company’s mission statement is ineffective, lacks direction or focus, and completely misses the point of having a mission statement. This is predominately for essay of evolution atheism businesses that have previous trading history, but can also be used by new companies that want to highlight relevant history on how the company came to existence, work completed to date, milestones achieved, etc. Some information you may want to include: Start date First location First product/service Significant milestones/events. Reminder: keep in mind that there is no set rule as to the level of detail you want to include. This is dictated by the relevancy of the research papers, information to the reader and how this information helps strengthen your plan’s ability to build credibility for your company. Every company is made of milestones.

Milestones for on theory of evolution a business are achievements that demonstrate the drug, business is on the right track. On Theory Promote Atheism. They are best when quantifiable and and contrast essay point, measureable. For example, achieving a working prototype of your product, or getting to break-even, are both huge milestones that showcase your ability to on theory, execute and reduces subsequent risk of your company. Key concept: The more uncertainty that you can take off from the table, the better valuation you can get for your business. For businesses that have a retail or manufacturing component, this is an important section of your plan. Information you may want to include: Size (e.g.; in sq. Mega. ft.) Location/Address Other notable facts, such as equipment at the facility.

Location is important for essay on theory atheism a large number of retail businesses, whether you are a restaurant or purveyor of consumer products. If possible, provide statistics about the retail location you have chosen or are planning to choose. Describe the lease terms you are able to secure, and research, if there are any laws that protect the lessee from unreasonable price increases. You can read a detailed article about what to on theory promote, look for in a lease agreement here. Provide detailed information on the manufacturing facilities. For example, your operation may require a reliable source of how do you write a comparison, electricity and water. On Theory Of Evolution. Describe how the facility provides the business with these resources. If the facility is pre-existing equipment or structures that can be leveraged, make mention of that. Location can be an important aspect of your business even if you are not in retail or manufacturing.

For example, you might want to open your software company in Silicon Valley as that provides a competitive advantage from an employee recruitment and fundraising perspective. If you operate out of a home office. Describe your future expansion plans, including expected date of expansion. Upon completing these sections, you will then be finished with the company and and contrast essay, financing section of essay on theory of evolution atheism, your business plan. Writing the Products and Services Chapter. The products and services chapter of your business plan should be written clearly and descriptively, to veterinary nurse, help give investors a comprehensive understanding of the bread and butter of your business. Your products and services section should include the following sections. Products and Services Chapter Sections. Products and atheism, Services Competitors Sourcing and Fulfillment (optional) Technology (optional) Intellectual Property (optional) Future Products and Services (optional) Your products and how do you write, services are the lifeblood of your business – it’s what your customers need, and if you get this right, everything else will follow . Commonly referred to as “product lift”, which essentially means getting the essay on theory promote, secret sauce working.

It means that customers want to a comparison essay, buy your product/service, and you are filling a need that was previously not satisfied. Thinking in terms of benefits vs. features. What is the essay of evolution promote, consumer really buying? For example, a person buying a Rolex watch is not only buying a device to tell time, but the and contrast point, prestige and status that comes with a luxury product. Think about what end benefit your product/service delivers. Of course, the functional aspects of your product/service are also important. Depending on what you are going to sell, think through the features it will provide, packaging, design, branding, quality, and other aspects that help position and/or differentiate it from competing products/services.

You may have heard the business adage that acquiring a new customer is indefinitely more expensive then keeping an promote existing customer. One of the reasons this is research papers format true is the potential to on theory atheism, sell additional add-ons, upgrades and substitute products/services to existing customers . Think about how you can drive incremental revenue. Whether it’s via subscriptions, repeat business, or annual contracts, you may be providing products/services that generate a recurring revenue stream. This is a good thing, because (1) your revenue can be more predictable and stable (2) you are maximizing earning potential . Think how you can generate recurring revenue, which is expressed with a metric called Lifetime Value per essay customer. You will complete the price you want to on theory atheism, set your products/services in the Financial Plan chapter, and we also have a section for you to describe your pricing strategy; however it is advisable to and contrast point by, start thinking about how you want to on theory of evolution promote atheism, price your products/services. Competitive analysis is an extremely useful tool and one that should be revisited often as the competitive landscape changes over time. It starts with competitive analysis. Background (location, history, ownership) Financials (revenue, profitability) Products (product line, services, patents, licenses) Marketing (channels used and essay, budget, pricing, alliances/affiliates) Personnel (headcount, notable executives, compensation, job openings) Market share Strengths, Weaknesses.

Tips on on theory promote atheism, how to perform competitive analysis. The Internet makes this much easier then in days past. Some ideas: Google search using keywords that your customers would use to find you Look up industry association websites Look up directories such as Yahoo or Crunchbase Use Indeed.com to find your competitor’s job openings Competitor’s websites Find your competitor’s management team members on and contrast essay, LinkedIn. Not only do you have to worry about atheism, current competitors you can see, but you have to essays group work, be vigilant and be on on theory of evolution atheism, the lookout for new entrants. For example, a company that already sells to letter for student nurse, your customer base may see your industry as a logical next step.

You should consider the likelihood of new entrants high if: The industry sees high margins (its super profitable) There is unmet demand (more customers then suppliers) There are no major barriers to entry (does not take much to start competing) There is future growth potential (such as mobile apps) Much of essay on theory of evolution atheism, this is common sense – if you see a market opportunity that no one is competing in yet, don’t expect that you will be alone for how do long. Sourcing is simply the process of procuring goods and services from suppliers that are required for your company to make its products or deliver its service. Some things to consider when choosing and essay on theory promote, managing your suppliers: Cost: This is an obvious one – the essay, lower the price, the higher your profit margins will be.

Payment terms: The longer you have to pay your suppliers, the essay promote atheism, more working capital you have on hand. Reliability: You must consider how reliable your suppliers are and what would happen to your ability to operate if they cannot deliver. Scalability: As your business expands, will your suppliers be able to meet your needs? Fulfillment is simply the process of forced drug, how your company delivers its products/services, from point of sale to delivery. There are several popular fulfillment options: Engineer to order: the essay of evolution promote atheism, product is designed and built to customer specifications (e.g.; large construction projects) Build to you write essay, order: the product’s design is standardized but manufacture of final product is based off of customer specifications (e.g.; aircraft and yachts) Assemble to order: the on theory, product is group assembled to the customer’s specifications using pre-fabricated components (e.g.; Chipotles burritos, Dell computers) Make to stock: the product is manufactured in on theory promote quantity based on essay point by, expected sales of the product (e.g.; retailers) If you are going to be selling physical products and expect to hold inventory, then you should pay very close attention to how you forecast the on theory of evolution promote atheism, amount of inventory you need to meet your projected sales. Too little inventory and you may not be able to meet demand. Too much inventory and you tie up all of your cash on excess inventory.

Some key points: Have accurate sales forecasts. Use historical sales data if you have it, and make sure you account for seasonality. Have accurate inventory tracking. Use bar code scanning or equivalent to research papers format, ensure there are no data entry errors.

Utilize inventory management software. QuickBooks, Sage, and a plethora of other vendors provide a cloud-based solution for of evolution promote you to manage and maximize your inventory levels. Technology in today’s business environment is becoming more and more important and research papers format, serves as a source of competitive advantage. Take Wal-Mart or FedEx as two examples of on theory of evolution atheism, companies that provide services (low-cost products and shipping), but utilize technology as a critical means of you write, delivering those services. Wal-Mart uses a sophisticated supply chain management IT system to ensure its low prices.

FedEx uses technology to optimize delivery routes and times, which enables it to ship to practically every corner of the essay promote atheism, globe, seamlessly and you write, with very low error rates. Think about how technology plays a part in your business and of evolution promote atheism, if it is critical to your business operations. If technology is mega essays group work critical to your business operations, then you must think about your disaster preparedness and contingency planning . Depending on your business, you may want to create back-up copies of data and software, routine security checks, and on theory promote atheism, securing physical assets. Essay. What would happen if you lost access to essay on theory, the technology? Think about a comparison, alternatives that you could utilize. For example, if you license a piece of essay atheism, software and later down the road decide that the cost is essay point too high, is essay on theory of evolution atheism there a competitor who can license you an alternative? If you have exclusive rights to a technology, either through a patent or through an exclusive license agreement, this is but dissertation a great competitive advantage and one that you will want to describe in essay of evolution atheism detail.

There are two types of intellectual property that may be applicable to a business: industrial property (such as patents and a comparison essay, trademarks), and copyright (such as novels and movies). If you have intellectual property that you want to protect, it is advisable that you seek the professional advice of a good Patent/IP Attorney , since this is a great way to provide a barrier to entry for your business. Intellectual property type 1: Industry property. These include inventions (patents), trademarks and atheism, industrial designs (trade secrets, trade dress). Forced. If you have any proprietary process or technology then it is recommended that you apply for a patent to essay on theory of evolution promote atheism, protect your invention. Drug Testing Essay. You should apply for essay promote a trademark for and contrast essay point by your company name and logo as well. Intellectual property type 2: copyright. These include literary and of evolution promote atheism, artistic works such as novels, poems and how do you write a comparison essay, plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and essay of evolution promote, architectural designs. In 2011, counterfeit copyrighted and trademarked goods were a $600 billion dollar industry worldwide. Enforcing your intellectual property may be feasible from a legal point of view, but many times is and all but dissertation not practical in practice.

For example, Microsoft cannot possibly prosecute every single instance where its popular operating systems are copied and downloaded. IP and your employees and contractors. It is just as important to secure your intellectual property in relation to your employees and contractors. Everyone should be required to sign an invention assignment agreement, which basically states that the promote, company owns all works produced while contracted by the company. In addition, you may consider handing out serialized notebooks for employees to use , so that if there is work ever a conflict as to whom owns a piece of intellectual property, there is a physical record. If you have future products and services planned, it is a good idea to describe the product roadmap and strategy behind it . A key concept is that of on theory of evolution atheism, product lifecycle, which describes the stages of the life of point, a product. During this phase, your product will incur heavy promotional costs as you get the word out. You may discount the price of the product to essay on theory, encourage new customers. During this phase, you may focus on expanding your product to new segments in and all but dissertation statistics the marketplace, and expand the product line (for example, with new colors or other variations). During this phase, you are enjoying the fruits of your labor. You may add new features to your product to stay competitive and to further differentiate your product from competitors.

Marketing spend for your product starts to dissipate as sales of your product are in steady decline. After including all of this information, you’ll have completed the products and services chapter. Writing the Customers and atheism, Market Analysis Chapter. The customers and market analysis chapter will give you an and all opportunity to describe what your customer segments are, what needs you are filling for them, and how these groups of customers are trending in essay atheism terms of growth and behavior. Forced Testing Essay. This chapter also includes any regulatory restrictions specific to your industry. Customers and Market Analysis Sections. Market Overview Market Needs Market Trends (optional) Market Growth (optional) Industry Analysis (optional) Key Customers (optional) In the market overview section you are going to calculate the total market (referred to as Total Addressable Market) for your products, and then the segment of that market your business can capture. Total addressable market can be thought of in several distinct levels. At the highest level is an estimate of the total market given 100% saturation.

Another way of looking at this is what would be the total market if one company had 100% market share. Once you have the total addressable market, then you can estimate what percentage of essay promote atheism, this you can realistically capture. For Student Veterinary Nurse. This, of course, is much harder to predict with accuracy. So the important thing to remember is to utilize strong sources for your assumptions. For example, lets say you plan to open a high-end steakhouse in downtown Miami.

To calculate your total addressable market, you might count how many high-end restaurants are in the downtown area and research the average annual sales for each restaurant. Then multiply the essay of evolution, two to get the total sales for all high-end restaurants. This would be your total addressable market. Using the example above, we can then drill down to the next level and determine what percentage of the market you can realistically capture. You might assume that you will take an equal share of the market, thereby decreasing all other competitor’s shares in research papers the market. Or you might offer cheaper prices, which you assume would take a larger percent of the on theory, market. Whatever your assumption, make sure it is well documented and logical. To obtain jaw-dropping product-lift you must solve a difficult and painful problem for the customer.

And if there are competitors, you must solve the problem better than them, and but dissertation statistics, enough so that customers are willing to switch to your company. Describe what problem your product is solving. If you are targeting multiple customer segments, make sure you go into detail on how your product serves each customer segment. Describe how your solution better solves customer’s pain points then your competitors. We as consumers are inherently lazy. We do not want to go through the time and essay atheism, cost of switching from how do essay, one company’s product/services unless it is compelling enough, which is dependent on essay atheism, the switching cost. Testing. For example, there is virtually no cost to of evolution promote, switch from Coke to Pepsi. On the other hand, there is high switching cost associated with migrating from letter nurse, a Mac to a PC. To overcome this problem, describe how your product either is able to overcome customer’s inherent adversity towards switching products, or if your product is able to essay of evolution, reach new customers and bypass switching costs altogether (in other words, instead of taking customers away from your competitors, you are creating a new market for your products).

Understanding market trends at the macro level is critical for how do essay various aspects of essay, your business. A growing or shrinking market is described in research format more detail in the market growth section. Below are some of the other factors that will affect market trends: The overall economy has a disproportionate effect on some businesses. For example, dog-walking services usually see a decline in sales as households reduce spending on non-essential purchases. Government regulations and policies can completely alter an industry, so it is imperative that you are up to essay on theory of evolution promote, date on upcoming changes.

For example, the Jobs Act of a comparison, 2012 allowed for the first time non-accredited investors to participate in private placement of of evolution promote, securities. This in turn has created a new market for crowd-funding websites to emerge to connect startups with all types of investors. You may be in an industry where political conditions have an group impact on essay of evolution, the bottom line. For example, if you count the Dept. of Defense as one of your clients, then the across-the-board budget cuts (i.e.; Sequestration in the Budget Control Act of 2011) would surely have a negative effect on your business. If you build your business on top of a technology platform that will soon be replaced with a more cost affordable, powerful, and easier to use technology, then that will surely put you in and all statistics a less advantageous position.

Knowing technology trends is valuable in essay on theory promote atheism ensuring you are gaining a competitive advantage through the use of technology. Your customers may change their sensitivity to price depending on a variety of factors, including competition, macroeconomic conditions, and changing consumer tastes. Keeping an eye on this trend will ensure you optimize your pricing strategy. Market growth, mathematically, is simply measuring the change in and all but dissertation market size from one time period to the next (usually in years). So if the market in the first year was $100 million and $150 million the second year, then the market can be said to have grown by 50%. You will find that measuring market growth using historical market size data is much easier then forecasting market growth. Utilize publically available data sources, trade publications, market research firms, and on theory of evolution, government agencies to find much of this research.

Being able to by, demonstrate a market is growing is obviously important – for example, the on theory promote atheism, market for Blackberry accessories is clearly a declining market. Most investors and lenders will not want to see a new business chase after dwindling customers. On the other hand, the market for Apple and Samsung phone accessories have seen great growth and will continue to grow as those companies continue to add new customers. Your industry is defined as the how do you write a comparison essay, group of companies that are related to you in terms of what you sell/how you derive your revenue. On Theory Atheism. For example, Ford and Nissan are both in letter for student veterinary nurse the automotive industry. Ford and Nissan’s market (i.e.; customers) would be the end consumers who buy their cars. You will want to essay on theory atheism, describe your industry name/classification (SIC/NAICS Code), which can be found on the Dept. of Labor website. By. Understanding your industry’s dynamics is imperative to knowing it’s profit potential and attractiveness. A popular framework for conducting industry analysis is on theory promote Porter’s five forces analysis, which analyzes an industry’s competitiveness (and therefore attractiveness).

By performing this analysis you will have a clear picture of your competitors and mega essays group, how your company fits within the competitive landscape. If your industry has low barriers to entry and essay on theory of evolution promote, low switching costs, then expect increased competition, as there is little standing in the way for new entrants to but dissertation statistics, enter the market and compete. If your industry is supplied by very few suppliers with little alternative but to source from those suppliers, then expect downward pressure on your margins. If your industry only has a small number of buyers, or there are many alternative products to choose from, then expect downward pressure on of evolution promote, your margins. If there are many substitute products in your industry and research papers format, the switching costs between them are low, then expect substantial competition. An industry is very competitive if there are many competitors about the same size, there is little differentiation between competitor’s products, and it is mature with little growth (so the only way to grow is to take a competitor’s market share). Although your product may cater to many different sets of customers, you want to focus on a select group that will be the most likely to purchase your product/service and account for the lion’s share of your company’s revenue. For many businesses, you will soon realize that a large portion of your revenue comes from a small percentage of your customers. For example, Starbucks may realize their key customers are white-collar business types that purchase a cup of coffee every day, versus the of evolution promote atheism, student type that comes in forced essay once a month. When you can name your key customers. If you are in essay atheism a business where volumes are low and prices are high, then you should be able to name your key customers individually.

In this case, you should describe in detail your relationship with each of them separately. If you’ve filled out this chapter, congratulations. Doing market research and customer analysis is a complicated and time consuming task. Time to move on to the next chapter! Writing the mega essays group, Marketing and Sales Chapter. The marketing and sales chapter gives you an opportunity to describe how you will manage your sales force and what sales activities they will conduct in order to close sales. Overview Positioning Pricing Promotion Distribution.

In this section, summarize your marketing plan, being sure to include: Positioning: Are you going to be the lowest cost provider or provide a differentiated product? Pricing: How will you price your products/services? Promotion: How will your market your products/services? Distribution: Where will your product/services be available? Tip: It will be easier to write this section after you complete the subsequent sections as the overview section summarizes key findings from the other section. Keep this section at the summary-level, as you will go into further detail in the subsequent sections. Describe how you position your company within the on theory promote atheism, competitive landscape. Will you compete on price, or will you differentiate your offering and stand out from your peers?

For example, Wal-Mart positions itself as the you write a comparison essay, low-cost provider in an industry, while Apple designs premium products to reach the luxury end of the market. Provide your product/service at the cheapest price point in essay promote atheism the marketplace. There are three primary ways to achieve this: Economies of Scale: For example, being able to drug, turn more tables in a restaurant or produce more widgets in of evolution promote a factory. The more you are able to mega group work, produce from your asset, the cheaper it becomes. It will also be harder for your competitors to enter the market since you have fixed assets and experience that requires a large investment. Atheism. Low operating costs: Keeping costs down across all aspects of the business, including: Standardization: Limited customization Outsourcing: Outsourcing labor to cover, low cost production centers Thrift: Limiting advertising and on theory promote, RD spend Optimized supply-chain: By lowering inventory and letter veterinary nurse, negotiating with suppliers, companies can substantially improve their profitability and on theory, cash flow. Making your product/service unique by targeting a specific segment of the market is how do you write a comparison essay a compelling strategy, especially if:

Your customers are not price sensitive The market is competitive Your are targeting a specific niche You can provide a product/service that is not easily copied. You can also achieve differentiation through branding and marketing – for example, Starbucks sells premium coffee at a premium price point, primarily through the strength of their branding and essay on theory of evolution promote atheism, not through the taste of their coffee. Determining the optimal price for your products/services will require you to think through several factors: If you are going shooting for the low cost provider strategy, then you will want to price yourself accordingly. How Do Essay. Likewise, if you are going for essay on theory promote atheism the luxury end of the market, then a higher price is often times a proxy for papers quality. How price sensitive are your customers? If your customers are making their purchase decision primarily based on price, then you will want to be sensitive to this.

The price you set must be high enough to over your costs so you can turn a profit. Essay. There are, of course, exceptions. For example, you might want to achieve economies of but dissertation, scale by maximizing units sold, or you might be maximizing revenue to achieve dominant market share. There may be regulatory/legal constraints on how much you can charge. For example, payday loan vendors are restricted in how much they can charge their customers. Looking at what your competitors charge can give you a understanding of what current customers are accustomed to on theory promote atheism, paying and will likely be willing to pay for and all statistics your products/services. There are price points that consumers are psychologically more accustomed to, such as amounts ending in .99 or .95. In this section, you move from describing your marketing plan onto how you will convey your marketing message to essay on theory, your intended audience. Work. What marketing channels will you utilize to reach your target customers?

Depending on your business, traditional media may be an important component of essay of evolution promote, your complete marketing toolbox. Cover Letter Veterinary. These would include television, radio, billboards, flyers, etc. In today’s environment few companies can afford not to have a strong online presence. There are a myriad of options available. Each marketing channel must be carefully measured for effectiveness, as online marketing can quickly add up and consume a small business’s entire marketing budget. A website is a key component of your digital marketing efforts as it will be the destination in which your online leads will first visit. Some online marketing options include: Search engines (i.e.; Google, Bing) Directories (Yelp, Angies List) Daily deals (Groupon) Email marketing Social media (Facebook, Twitter) Word of mouth marketing is by far the most profitable and powerful marketing channel available to any business. Essay On Theory Of Evolution. New customers that are referred to your business are more likely to purchase and more likely to continue referring your company.

There are ways to boost word of mouth marketing, especially with the advent of social media. You Write A Comparison Essay. For example, asking a satisfied customer to like your business on Yelp and Facebook will potentially reach hundreds of their contacts, all with one click. Essay Of Evolution Promote Atheism. Integrating social media into papers format your word of mouth marketing strategy is invaluable for every business. Blogging/Becoming a subject matter expert. Having a leading voice in your industry will help your business gain credibility from customers, suppliers, partners and competitors. You can start by on theory promote participating on public forums and blogs related to cover letter nurse, your business and adapting the adage “give more to essay on theory of evolution promote atheism, get more”.

How will your products be available? On one end of the spectrum is direct marketing, whereby you sell directly to your customers. Or if you manufacture your products, you might sell through distributors, who in turn sell to retailers, who in turn sell to and all statistics, consumers. Three common models: Product is stocked in mass-market distribution channels. Essay Promote Atheism. Examples include soft drinks, magazines, etc. Product is specialized and sold through specialized channels. Examples include nautical computers and statistics, tooling/machinery.

Product is on theory of evolution promote only sold through an exclusive channel. Examples include luxury products such as high-end motorcycles or designer handbags. The Internet presents an unparalleled opportunity to reach customers directly, as well as working with online channel partners to reach and sell to customers. Writing the Strategy and Implementation Chapter. The strategy and implementation chapter will give you an opportunity to define the key milestones that mark meaningful progress towards your goals. Essays. It also includes sections that further elaborate on your competitors. Strategy and of evolution atheism, Implementation Sections. Milestones SWOT Analysis (optional) Competitive Edge (optional) Strategic Alliances (optional)

Milestones are the key events that demonstrate progress is being made , such as completing the company’s first prototype or breaking even. These provide a tangible way to measure the success of the business venture. Milestones are so incredibly important to a business yet are one of those things that can be easily overlooked. And Contrast Point By. Why are milestones so important? Because they are a way to measure meaningful progress of essay on theory of evolution atheism, a company that in effect, makes that company less risky (and therefore more valuable). Essays Work. A new company has an extremely high-risk profile – but as it meets tangible milestones, such as completing a prototype or breaking even, the company’s risk decreases. It becomes more apparent that the venture will succeed.

Investors and lenders will be looking at what milestones your company has reached in order to create a fair valuation. Milestones might include: Assembling company team First working prototype Filing/receiving patent or other IP Securing physical location for store First paying customer Breaking even Turning a profit* *If you can demonstrate not only turning a profit, but also sustaining that profit, then that is a huge milestone. SWOT Analysis is a useful technique for understanding your company’s strengths and weaknesses , while identifying both the opportunities open to your business and the threats it faces. Strengths and Weaknesses refer to essay on theory of evolution promote, internal factors in your company, such as: Employees and staff Physical assets such as equipment and facilities Financial assets. Opportunities and testing essay, Threats refer to external factors facing your company, such as:

Market trends Regulatory and legal Macroeconomic conditions Competitors. Competitive edge can be bucketed into essay promote atheism four primary areas: cost, differentiation, innovation and research, operational effectiveness. Are you providing a product/service at a lower cost then your competitors? This is a straightforward competitive edge that is very difficult to deliver. On Theory Of Evolution Atheism. Providing the how do a comparison essay, lowest cost may require operating on razor thin profit margins or heavy investment in fixed costs in order to essay of evolution promote, achieve economies of scale. Are you providing a product/service that your competitors are not offering or cannot offer? This is a common strategy whereby you provide differentiated value in order to better serve customers and/or reach a portion of the market that may be under-served.

Are you leapfrogging your competition and providing a notably superior or new product/service? Popularized by the book “Blue Ocean Strategy”, creating new demand in an uncontested market space is a powerful business strategy. Do you provide superior time to market or customer service? For example, your customers may be willing to pay a higher price for better customer service . Nordstrom’s is an example of a company that uses superior customer service as a competitive advantage. Forging strategic alliances is a commonplace occurrence in business. Research Format. There are a wide variety of alliances you might encounter, with various parties in which you do business. Even if you do not have any alliances, there may be an opportunity for essay of evolution promote a partnership in the future and drug essay, that should be included in this section. You might have a supplier who has a disproportionate amount of essay on theory promote atheism, influence and cover letter for student veterinary, power of your business.

Striking a partnership in this case may decrease those risk factors and provide a competitive advantage over your competitors. You might have a large portion of your revenue coming from several key customers. Inking an exclusive agreement to lock in revenue would, for instance, give you predictable cash flow. It is not uncommon to partner with competitors under certain circumstances – for essay promote atheism example, to set standards for the industry or to help further adoption of a technology. For example, Sony and Panasonic partnered together to increase the adoption of Blu-ray DVDs. Aligning your brand with another company is frequently used, especially if both brands are targeting the same demographic. For example, Samsung is the cover nurse, official sponsor of the Olympic games and will provide free mobile phones to all Olympic athletes. Upon completing these sections, your strategy and implementation chapter will be finished. Writing the Financial Plan, Statements, and Sales Forecast Chapters.

Writing the financial plan, financial statements, and essay on theory of evolution atheism, sales forecast will be the letter, most difficult part of your entire plan. It requires making a large number of on theory of evolution promote, intelligent assumptions about the mega essays group work, size of the of evolution promote, market you can realistically target, and the costs associated with making your product or rendering your services. These sections are the red meat of your plan — these are the chapters that any seasoned angel investor or venture capitalist will dig into to make sure they know they’re making a solid financial investment. Chapter 7: Financial Plan and Sales Forecast Sections. Sales Forecast Personnel Plan Budget Cash Flow Assumptions Loans and Investments Starting Balances Historical Financials Key Metrics for how do you write a comparison essay Success. Define the price in which you will sell your products and services, the essay promote atheism, cost it will take to produce or sell the product/service, and the number of units you will sell. Be conservative when making your estimates on the number of units you will sell, ensuring you have a reasonable methodology when making your forecast. It is highly recommended that you first complete the following sections as they lay the foundation for defining the sales forecast. Products/Services section: Defines what you will sell and at what price point; also seeks to define the production cost Target Market section: Defines the size of your target market and what quantities you can sell. Tip: Your sales forecast should sync with your Sales and Marketing plan.

For example, if you plan on hiring several sales people nine months from the how do essay, start of your business, you should forecast an increase in sales thereafter. This is the price you will sell your products/services. Fixed price: Suitable for most sales forecast modeling Price changes over time: The price of your product/service may increase/decrease in price over time for several reasons: Keep up with inflation Keep up with increased cost of raw materials or components Seasonal product – discount to offload excess inventory Promote new product – discount upfront to encourage sales, then increase later. This is the direct cost of on theory promote, producing your product/service (at the unit level). Papers Format. Otherwise known as cost of goods sold (COGS). Fixed costs: Suitable for most sales forecast modeling % of sales: A good way to forecast costs; as sales increase you can set the cost as a % of sales on a sliding scale. On Theory Of Evolution Promote. Costs vary each month: The cost of your product/service may increase/decrease in price over time for how do you write a comparison essay several reasons: Economy of scale: the essay of evolution promote atheism, more units you produce, the cheaper it becomes to produce them Bargaining power: the more units you buy from how do, your supplies, the cheaper they become Seasonality: cost of on theory of evolution promote, raw materials may fluctuate based on time of for student nurse, year.

This is the expected number of units you will sell. My units are constant: Not particularly suitable as most businesses will expect to have some growth over time. Units sold changes over essay atheism time: The quantity sold of your product/service may increase over time for essay by several reasons: Growing market share Finding new markets. Sales tax requirements vary by country and by products/services sold. In the United States, there is of evolution atheism no sales tax at the federal level; however, many states levy selective sales tax on particular goods or services. Check with your state department of a comparison essay, taxation if you are required to collect sales tax. If yes, you collect the essay of evolution promote atheism, sales tax from your customers and then remit the tax to the state each year. If the individual assumptions used for each component of the sales forecast is accurate, so will the overall sales forecast.

You should be able to explain where each number comes from, citing studies/research that validates your assumptions. The costs of hiring personnel are often the largest expense of any business. Drug. In this section, you will enter forecasted employees and contractors you plan to essay on theory of evolution promote, hire. The number of personnel you plan to research papers, hire and at what time is more of an art then a science. Too much staff too soon and you’ll burn through your working capital. Too few staff and on theory, you’ll run the risk of alienating your customers and partners when you can’t deliver. A good way to think about essays work, your personnel plan is to think about the milestones you want your business to accomplish and what personnel are required to get your business there.

You can always revise your estimates, so start off with your best estimate and come back to this section later. Tweak as needed so that your business model demonstrates profitability within your target time frame. The type of company you are building and the financing required also makes a big difference in your staffing plan. For example, if you are seeking venture capital that mean you are going to want to hire and scale quickly in on theory promote atheism order to generate large revenues. Conversely, if you are seeking debt financing, you want to research papers, operate as lean as possible and maximize profitability so you can service your loans. Fixed amount: Suitable for on theory atheism most situations. Changes over time: You might want to define a compensation plan for sales personnel that have an annual bonus component, for example.

Employee: If choosing employee you will have to consider certain employee taxes and other considerations. Forced Drug Testing. Contractor: If selecting contractor, ensure that you are classifying said contractor correctly. In the United States, for example, you are legally required to essay on theory atheism, provide employee-type benefits in certain situations even if you classify the how do a comparison essay, personnel as a contractor. If hiring employees, you will be responsible for additional costs such as (but not limited to) payroll taxes, worker’s compensation and health insurance, paid time off, training and travel expenses, vacation and sick leave, pension contributions and other benefits. This is referred to the burden rate, which provides a truer picture of total labor costs than payroll costs alone. Burden rate only affects employees and not contractors. If unsure what to enter, 15% is a fair estimate. Explain the assumptions and on theory of evolution atheism, methodology used to define the point by, personnel your business plans to retain, including how you came up with your compensation figures and burden rate. For example, you might explain that as you plan to hire several sales people to coincide with the promote atheism, release of a new product.

Enter expenses you plan on incurring for your business. A good way to make sure you capture majority of your business’s expenses is to think through costs associated with each functional area of your business, such as product development, marketing and operations. Categorize expense into groups, such legal and administrative, rent and leases, and how do you write essay, telecommunications. Essay On Theory Of Evolution. Do not include fixed asset expenses (assets whereby you derive value from for more than 12 months) such as a company van or computers. You will enter these in the next step. Advertising Expense Amortization Expense Auto Expense Bad Debt Expense Bank Charges Cash Over and Short Commission Expense Depreciation Expense Employee Benefit Program Freight Expense Gifts Expense Insurance – General Interest Expense Professional Fees License Expense Maintenance Expense Meals and Entertainment Office Expense Payroll Taxes Printing Postage Rent Repairs Expense Salaries Expense Supplies Expense Taxes – FIT Expense Utilities Expense Gain/Loss on Sale of Assets. Enter long-term asset expenses here. Long-term assets are comprised of you write, two types: tangible and intangible assets. Fixed assets are tangible assets that provide value for more than 12 months, such as a company van or computers. Fixed assets are depreciated over essay its useful lifetime. This is an accounting method that allows the business to allocate the costs of the asset over essays group work its life by gradually reducing its value.

Common fixed assets: Land and Buildings Motor vehicles Furniture Office equipment Fixtures and fittings Plant and of evolution promote atheism, machinery. Intangible assets are long-term assets that are not physical in mega essays nature. Intangible assets are amortized over its useful life. These might include: Intellectual property (items such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, business methodologies) Goodwill Brand recognition. Enter other short-term assets here, which most likely will be any prepaid expense that lasts for essay of evolution promote less than 12 months. Besides prepaid expenses, other current assets also include short-term investments and securities that are likely to essay, turned into cash within a year. A prepaid expense can be described as such: A 12-month office lease is signed with the total lease amount of essay on theory of evolution atheism, $12,000 being paid upfront.

Classifying this as a regular expense would not be accurate because then the PL Statement and Cash Flow Statement would both show the and all statistics, $12,000 as a one-time upfront payment on the month it which it was made. This type of expense is better described as a prepaid expense, since the essay of evolution promote, use of the office is spread out over a 12-month period of time and can be considered an mega group asset on the Balance Sheet that is essay on theory of evolution expensed over time. By classifying this as a prepaid expense (or an amortized short term asset) then the PL Statement would show the $12,000 prepaid expense spread across 12 months at $1,000 each month, while the Cash Flow Statement would reflect the $12,000 payment on month in which it was made. Under Assets, the Balance Sheet would then show the amount of Prepaid Lease that is remaining at the end of the accounting period. Enter an estimate for income taxes you expect to and contrast by, pay, which should be a summation of federal, state and local income tax. Do not include other taxes such as property tax (should be entered as a separate expense) or employee-related taxes (this is covered in the Personnel Section as the Burden Rate). As this is only an estimate, 100% accuracy is not required (if unsure what to essay of evolution, enter here, use 20%). Dividends and distributions (for corporations and LLCs/partnerships, respectively) are payments to the company’s shareholders/owners, taken from the company’s profit. Dividends are typically paid out at and contrast, the end of the essay of evolution atheism, fiscal year, while distributions can be given out at the discretion of the owners. You may want to letter for student, set this to zero initially and see how the on theory promote, financials of research papers format, your business model work out; then you can work backwards and determine how much of retained profit you want to distribute to owners/shareholders.

Here you can explain any regular costs that are associated with running your business. What are the essay on theory of evolution promote, monthly or ongoing costs that you must pay to keep the mega, business up and essay of evolution promote, running? For example, this could be paying monthly utilities and rent expenses for your office space, insurance, or any marketing or advertising costs. For a start-up, remember that there are always up-front costs or one-time costs associated with getting things started, so be aware of any of these expenses and include them in your budget. Accounts receivable is defined as sales that the company has made but has yet to collect the money from the testing, purchaser. Most companies operate by allowing some portion of their sales to be on credit. These types of essay of evolution promote atheism, sales are usually made to frequent or special customers who are invoiced periodically, and a comparison essay, allow them to avoid the hassle of on theory of evolution, physically making payments as each transaction occurs. You want your accounts receivable to forced testing essay, be as low as possible to increase your cash flow. Defining what percentage of essay, your sales will be on forced drug testing essay, credit. You want this percentage to on theory promote, be as low as possible, while keeping in mind that for how do you write essay some businesses it is preferential to provide some credit to your best customers. Defining how long it will take to collect payment.

Of the customers that you provide credit to, you need to define when they are to pay you back. The faster, the essay, better your cash flow will look like. It is forced testing typical to promote atheism, provide net-30, which is essay by 30 days. Accounts payable is defined as short-term debt owed to suppliers and on theory atheism, banks. It is to your advantage to negotiate longer payment terms with your suppliers, as it will improve your cash flow. When looking at accounts receivable (what is owed to you) and accounts payable (what you owe), the key thing to remember is that you want to be paid as soon as possible, and how do, you want to pay others as late as possible (cash on hand is king).

Defining what percentage of your purchases will be on credit. You want this percentage to on theory of evolution promote, be as high as possible, as that will improve your cash flow. Essays Group. However, ensure you are able to pay your vendors on of evolution promote, the purchases made on credit. Defining how long it will take to collect incoming payments. How many days will it take, on average, to collect incoming payments? Select the typical number of days between when you make a credit sale and when the payment arrives.

Keep in forced mind that shortening this period can vastly improve your cash flow. If your business will sell physical products and of evolution promote, you plan on keeping inventory on hand, then you need to define how many months of inventory you wish to drug essay, keep on hand. The more months of inventory you hold on hand, the more cash is tied up in inventory. This will affect your cash flow. How much inventory should you carry? The ideal amount varies from industry to industry, and essay of evolution, business to business. A good place to find more information is trade associations for your industry.

In order to improve your company’s inventory management, you will need to start by collecting good records on your inventory. Using inventory turnover rate as an indicator. Inventory Turnover Rate = Costs of Goods Sold (COGS) / average cost of inventory on research format, hand. A low inventory turnover rate means that you may have too much inventory on hand. Understanding and managing cash flow is very important to any business. Essay On Theory Of Evolution. The time period for a comparison credit sales and payments may depend on your suppliers or your industry. Paying and getting paid later rather than earlier can entirely change your cash flow projections. You can utilize this section to explain any assumptions about cash flow, including details on essay of evolution promote atheism, the time period in which you will make and receive payments.

How did you come to these assumptions and how will it affect your business? When taking out a loan, you borrow an amount of money (principal) from a lender, and are obligated to pay back at a later time (usually in testing essay installments). Of Evolution Atheism. You will typically pay interest on research format, the loan. If you are seeking a loan then enter the amount, as you want to forecast the financials assuming you have secured the loan. Personal vs Commercial Loans. For many small businesses, taking out a personal loan to finance growth is essay commonplace. And Contrast Essay. These might include credit cards, home equity line of essay promote atheism, credit (HELOC), and and contrast, installment loans. On Theory. If you have an existing small business, commercial loans can be obtained, which are based on how do you write essay, a variety of factors. Secured vs Unsecured Loans. A secured loan is promote a loan in which you pledge some asset (equipment, property, etc.) as collateral.

Unsecured loans (credit cards, personal loans) are not secured against drug testing a borrower’s assets. Interest rates will be higher for unsecured loans versus secured loans, for of evolution promote atheism obvious reasons. If you have a pre-existing loan, then you can specify those details in the Starting Balances section. A line of credit is similar to a loan with the difference being that interest is not charged on the part of the line of and contrast point by, credit that is unused, and the borrower can draw on the line of credit at any time that he or she needs to. On Theory Promote Atheism. If you are seeking a line of credit then enter the amount, as you want to forecast the financials assuming you have secured the line of credit. The line of essays group, credit may be classified as a demand loan, which means that any outstanding balance will have to of evolution atheism, be paid immediately at the financial institution’s request. Investments include injections of cash into the business from cover letter, you, other shareholders or owners, or investors. Promote Atheism. This typically refers to equity investments where investors contribute cash to the business in exchange for equity (ownership).

In this section, you can describe how your business will be funded. If you are a startup, it is likely that the money you make from sales will not cover all your business expenses so you may need additional sources of funding, such as taking out a loan, receiving investors’ capital, credit lines, or other ways of borrowing money. What type of funding will you acquire? At what point in your plan are you expecting these funds? For existing businesses only. The starting balances will be used to adjust the balance sheet to take into and contrast essay account your company’s financial history. Important: all starting balances should be entered as they are at essay of evolution promote atheism, the start of your plan. Enter starting balances for assets: Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Other current assets Long term assets Accumulated depreciation. Enter starting balances for liabilities: Enter starting balance for Capital and research, Earnings:

Enter your Recent Sales: One month before start date Two months before start date Three months before start date Four months before start date Five months before start date Six months before start date. If you are an of evolution atheism existing business, you can enter past financial data here. This is optional and will be used to calculate historical financial ratios in the Financial Statements section. For each year of your company history , include: $ Sales $ Gross profit $ Income from operations $ Net profit $ Current assets $ Current liabilities $ Inventory $ Total assets $ Total liabilities $ Total owner equity. Every business model has several key metrics that management can use to see if the business is healthy. For example, a restaurant might use the number of tables it can turn per night and the average revenue per dinner. Think about point, what levers make the most impact to your business. Atheism. You will want to essay, continuously track and essay of evolution, monitor these metrics to ensure your business model is working.

Chapter 8: Financial Statements Sections. Profit and Loss Statements Balance Sheet Cash Flow Statement Financial Ratios. The Profit Loss (i.e.; income statement) shows your revenue, expenses, and profit. It is the most common of the three reports as it provides a view into the company’s projected “bottom line”. The statement here is a read-only display, calculated automatically from the information you entered in the Sales Forecast, Budget, and Personnel Plan sections. Drug Testing Essay. If you wish to edit or change any information, you may do so by essay going back to those sections. The statement here will update automatically. The balance sheet gives a snapshot of your company’s financial position at a given point in time, usually the last day of a fiscal period. And Contrast Essay Point. It is essay on theory of evolution atheism called a balance sheet because assets (what you own) will always equal the sum of your liabilities (what you owe) and stockholder’s equity (your investments from stockholders plus money that your business earned that is put back into running your business). The balance sheet here is a read-only display. And Contrast Essay Point By. If you wish to essay on theory atheism, change the balance sheet, you can do so by cover for student veterinary going back to the builder in the Financial Plan section.

If you are an existing business, you have the option of adding starting balances under the Financial Plan section. The cash flow statement displays the cash inflows and outflows from your operating, investing and financing activities. Rather than providing an overview like the balance sheet, the on theory of evolution, cash flow statement will measure the change in cash during a period. Essay. In other words, how much money did you start and end up with? The statement here is a read-only display. You can go back to edit the sections in the Financial Plan section in order to change the accounts affected in the cash flow statement. The Financial Ratios section gives a general overview of the health of your business. The report here is a read-only display. Essay On Theory Promote. If you wish to change any of the information, you may do so by editing the relevant financial information you’ve entered previously.

The ratios here will update automatically. The Liquidity Analysis shows how solvent your company is, or how easily convertible to cash is the company in case. For Student. This is essay important in determining the ability of the business to and all statistics, meet its obligations, or paying off what it owes in debt. The Profitability Analysis shows the overall performance of the company in its ability to make a profit. On Theory. The ratios show how much of sales revenue is actual profit after taking costs and expenses into account.

The Debt Ratio shows how much of the business’s assets are financed by papers debt and how much of the business’s assets are financed by stockholders’ equity. The Investment Measures show ROI (Return on Investment) which is the percentage of the return (net profit) of the business divided by the cost of the investment. The most common method of essay of evolution promote, calculating ROI is to mega essays group work, divide net profit by total assets. Finishing these chapters represents a massive achievement in completing your business plan. Essay On Theory Of Evolution Promote. It is by far the most difficult chapter, as it requires doing somewhat complicated math to generate accurate financial statements. In all likelihood, you will need to hire an expert or accountant to help you create an accurate and detailed plan that adheres to realistic outcomes.

To finish it off, you’ll need to write an how do you write a comparison appendix and a glossary of terms. Your appendix will be a more detailed version of the financial statements detailed in this chapter, and essay on theory of evolution, your glossary of terms will simply define the and all, terms of your business that an investor may not understand. Upon including those chapters, your plan will be complete. Feeling inspired to essay on theory promote atheism, start a business, but don’t know how to write a plan? We have a sample database of plans that you can look through to mega, learn the different chapters and sections necessary to attract equity investments and loans. Although our examples are specific to each industry, keep in mind that every plan will be unique depending on your location, your customer base, and your own vision, so these will only atheism serve as a starting point for you and forced drug, your dream.

Click the images to view our full business examples. 4. The Pros and Cons of Downloading a Business Plan Template. 1. Write with confidence — you won’t be forgetting any important information. Using this free template can help you write your own plan, without the hassle of figuring out how to order your chapters, or the worry of feeling like you might be missing a section. We provide the entire bare bones skeleton of a business plan within this Microsoft Word .doc download. After you download it, it’s up to on theory of evolution promote, you to flesh out the details and ensure that each section is as well researched and intelligently conceived as possible. 2. Step-by-step writing guide and writing samples included. Our plans come with a complete how-to guide with examples from our professional business plan samples to help steer you through your writing. 3. Completely free – no hidden costs, just download and start writing.

This plan is completely free. Essays Group. You may encounter other people or websites on the Internet charging a price to download the guide. Do not purchase them – there is no benefit at all to purchasing a pre-fabricated plan. None of the information will be relevant to your company, and you’ll be gaining nothing but the order and structure of the on theory of evolution atheism, plan – something that you could easily research and re-create on your own. Sound good? Keep in mind that while this guide may give you a better idea of essay by, how a it should be structured, that represents only about 5% of the on theory of evolution, heavy lifting of veterinary, writing an actual the complete document. Don’t forget that every plan needs well structured elevator pitch. 1. You’ll have to do complicated business planning math and calculations yourself — or pay an expensive rate for essay on theory promote someone else to do them.

You’re going to have to do the financial calculations, plans, and forecasts that a plan should offer to how do a comparison essay, attract investment — all by yourself. Essay Of Evolution Promote. Creating these sections requires years of training, math skills, market knowledge, and mega work, investment savvy. This requirement is beyond the scope of most peoples’ abilities, which is on theory promote atheism why entrepreneurs turn to professional writers and accountants to do the heavy lifting for veterinary them. Keep in mind: You may have a brilliant idea, but until you’ve subjected your product/service to essay on theory of evolution promote atheism, meticulous research, and calculated your potential market as conservatively as possible, your business idea will be nothing but empty words and blather to forced essay, a seasoned investor. 2. On Theory Of Evolution Promote. You’ll need to manually create visual graphs and charts to how do you write essay, make the essay on theory promote atheism, calculations easily understandable. You’ll need to take the numbers you calculated and create attractive graphs, charts, and tables for drug essay your plan. Making your data attractive and easy to comprehend is no easy task. Professional planning software can not only do the calculations for you, but will also turn them into essay on theory of evolution promote relevant graphs, charts, and and all, tables presented in the appropriate order, according to how equity investors and bank loan officers expect to see them.

3. A basic template won’t allow you to track your business’ progress. You won’t be able to essay on theory of evolution atheism, keep your company’s information up to date easily. One of the major benefits of using software is that you can continually update your numbers based on your real expenses and earnings, allowing you to track the progress of your business easily and without a major hassle. Nonetheless, we encourage you to download this document and get started with writing out your product/service concepts and marketing plan. If or when you encounter the financial sections, we’ll be looking forward to helping your progress through the major obstacles of a comparison, writing a successful strategy that will help you get funding for your ideas. Crafted by licensed attorneys Updated regularly Applicable to on theory of evolution atheism, all 50 states. Create your free. Business Plan Template document in only 5-10 minutes!

Copyright 2017 Legal Templates LLC. Legal Templates LLC is not a lawyer, or a law firm and does not engage in the practice of law. Papers. Legal Templates cannot and does not provide legal advice or legal representation. All information, software and services provided on essay atheism, the site are for informational purposes and self-help only and are not intended to cover veterinary nurse, be a substitute for a lawyer or professional legal advice. Essay. Use of this site is subject to our Terms of how do you write essay, Use.

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Strategic Planning: A Roadmap to Success. Strategic Planning is among the most widely used and perhaps among the essay of evolution promote most abused management terminology in modern day business. If one were to ask the CEO of for student, any large organization why Strategic Planning is needed, the responses would be varied: Resources are finite and we need to have clear line-of-sight towards how and why we allocate our resources and to essay on theory atheism what end… We need a structured process for highlighting opportunities / risks in order to sustain and accelerate the growth momentum.. We need to have a defined game-plan for taking on the competition… And the list would go on. The question that one needs to ask is “What exactly is meant by strategic”? There are hundreds of books written on this subject and its use in essay, business is nothing new, therefore Strategic Planning should be relatively simple, right? Surprising though it may sound, it’s hardly that simple and this article attempts to essay promote atheism showcase, from a practitioner’s perspective, some of the pitfalls and misconceptions that abound in the strategic planning process.

Note that this article is designed to touch upon the process that is used for strategic planning in a corporate setting about which little has been written, rather than the tools that are needed to craft a strategy about which sufficient literature already exists. Let’s look at an example. What is common in how do, the following statements? Our strategy is to be a low cost organization We are pursuing a global strategy Our strategy is to provide unparalleled customer service Our strategy is to be a “first-mover” Our strategy is to grow by making selective acquisitions. The only thing common in the above is essay of evolution that none of them is a “strategy”!

(Source– Academy of Management Executives 2001 Vol. 15) Now let’s take a step back and research format, figure out why none of the above is a strategy. Strategy is all about making a series of unique decisions to get to a particular goal from a starting point. Note the emphasis on the words “series”, “unique decisions”, “particular”. Now take another look at the above statements?

Are they really decisions, or are they merely an articulation of statement of intent that’s important for their respective organizations? Which organization doesn’t want to of evolution promote lower its costs? Who doesn’t want to and all offer great customer service? Wouldn’t your competitors in the same industry say similar things about essay atheism, their intent? The point that is being made here is and contrast essay point that while the above may be very critical for an organization, they are not “strategic”. Essay On Theory Promote. These are things that would need to be done regardless of your strategy.

The key is that no decision is needed here. That the above elements are necessary for any organization is mega essays a foregone conclusion. The framework shown below is a good starting point. Note that all the of evolution promote questions pertain to “decisions”. These decisions would be unique to a particular organization, would be unique to achieve a particular goal at a particular point in mega group work, time and these decisions are taken in a series. The key question that practitioners often face is what is the essay on theory promote atheism process that is and all statistics used to answer the above questions? While traditional academic learning provides aspiring strategists with the tools to analyze industries, often there isn’t enough literature around the “process” that is on theory of evolution promote used for strategy creation.

The following framework is one such attempt to throw some light on the process that can be followed by practicing strategic planners in order to craft the research format strategies of essay of evolution atheism, their respective organizations. The Strategic Planning Process – A Framework. Boundary Conditions and and all statistics, Specification of decision criteria. This is the first stage in the planning process. It is the job of the Office of Strategy Management to get clarity on the boundary conditions / scope and on the decision criteria upfront, before the commencement of the planning cycle. Often the CEO / Promoters have certain preferences about the markets / business that they wish to be in or not be in. They might also have limitations on the resources available and of evolution promote atheism, the time horizon for the strategic plan. It is important to know the scope upfront. Research Format. Also, it’s important to essay promote atheism get buy-in on what would be the criteria that would be used by group work, the management team to promote atheism choose from various strategic options that the team will subsequently develop. Having a general criteria covering pretty much everything doesn’t help. Maximizing market share and profitability in a manner that increases shareholder value while minimizing cost, basically means that the decision maker doesn’t know what he wants and is hedging his bets.

The more specific the criteria, the easier it will be to choose from multiple options. Having loosely defined criteria results in an inability to choose and sign off on and contrast by, a particular strategic direction. Also, it becomes important not to have too many criteria or else the practicising manager faces the possibility of having multiple strategic options, many of which may meet some decision criteria, thereby making decision making difficult if not impossible. This area is taught well at on theory atheism, academic institutions and there are abundant tools available for analyzing industries. Porters 5 forces, SWOT, PESTLE, SCP, Scenario Planning etc., are some of the tools that a practicing strategist must be familiar with. Appropriate use of these tools would reveal opportunities and highlight areas of weakness in your organization.

Rather than dwell upon the relevant merits and demerits of these tools, it’s important to determine how to take this learning to the next level and get organization-wide buy-in. This analysis assumes that the organization does not implement any major course correction over the planning horizon and carries on business-as-usual. The organization continues to develop operational effectiveness and tactical initiatives to achieve higher profitability, lower cost structure, and increased market share. The purpose of doing this exercise is to create a baseline that sheds light on where the organization might be in a few years time, had it been business-as-usual. The intent behind the Strategic Planning exercise is that the organization should at the very least bebetter than the and all statistics baseline. Strategic Options Generation. This step involves formulation of widely different but equally viable strategic options that might be available to of evolution promote atheism the firm in question, and is often the most complicated of all the steps. A Comparison. It requires the participation of the Executive Committee/Senior Leadership Team and is often very time consuming. The typical pitfall in this part of the process is that options are often not even brought to the table because somebody believes they won’t work, or won’t be financially viable. The skill of the practicing strategist lies in getting the leadership team to articulate the logic behind a particular strategic option rather than moving directly into of evolution promote atheism an evaluation stage.

In other words, the leadership team should be able to articulate in one or two pages what is the strategic theme/intent, where in the value chain do you propose to play, what choice of products/services should be sold at essay point, what prices, through which channels, and in essay atheism, which geographies in order to maximize value for the organization. It is important to get the letter for student nurse logic, in English, right. The Math can follow in subsequent steps. Combining the two often leads to premature assessment and circular reasoning without any closure. The quality of the industry analysis done, gaps highlighted, relative positioning in the industry versus competition and consumers, as well as understanding of essay of evolution promote, revenue drivers and key success factors, all play a critical role in framing different strategic options. Options Assessment and forced drug testing essay, Evaluation. This step is often executed in conjunction with the project team one level below the Senior Leadership Team. Significant financial analysis is involved at this stage and all modern tools of sensitivity analysis and scenario planning are used.

This step is often fairly intense as it calls for decision making under uncertainty. The practicing strategist is expected to spend some time with the project team differentiating among various assumptions, decisions, scenarios etc. It is of evolution surprising how many use these terminologies interchangeably. For instance, price is a decision. And All But Dissertation. It’s a matter of choice.

However, the subsequent volume that one could achieve in the future as a result of the on theory promote price, among other things, is an uncertainty hence assumptions around it would need to be made. Similarly, which piece of the value chain to letter veterinary nurse play in is a decision. However, market share achieved subsequently, capital expenditure incurred, etc., is an uncertainty. Here again, the quality of the industry analysis helps in questioning the logic of both decisions and assumptions. Scenario planning, as a tool, helps immensely in this part of the process.

Note that sensitivity analysis and scenario planning are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are different tools that are to be used for different objectives. Essay Atheism. Sensitivity analysis can be used to determine the impact on the bottom-line, for example if the cost of a critical raw material changes by +/- 10%. Scenario planning is essay point relevant when you need to create a totally different view of the world based on legislation, policy framework, technology, etc. For instance, a changing tax regime for tobacco from specific taxation (fixed tax based on length of cigarette) to ad-valorem taxation (tax based on price) would call for a scenario planning type of exercise whereas the change in volume in response to a change in essay atheism, price would call for mega, a sensitivity analysis. Similarly, the market growth of renewable energy in on theory of evolution, response to a change in subsidies/feed-in-tariffs, change in technology, etc. would call for a scenario planning type of exercise, whereas the market growth in a particular market on account of different adoption rates would call for a sensitivity analysis.

Articulation of cover for student veterinary, Strategic Roadmap. Once the strategic options have been assessed, the strategic plan is put up for approval to the decision makers. Some of the key issues that the strategic plan must address are: What is our portfolio game-plan over the planning period? Businesses and essay of evolution promote atheism, roles of businesses Goals Roadmap for achieving the goals Risks / Returns (financial and research papers format, non-financial) Investments What options did we have while choosing a particular game-plan and why did we prefer one over the other? What are the essay promote atheism key assumptions on which the game-plan is mega essays group based? What are the exit clauses? It may involve a couple of rounds of iteration before it is finalized. Here it is important to note that the strategic plan is a roadmap for where the organization aspires to be in a couple of years and what it would look like when compared against the pre-decided decision criteria. A common mistake made is that people start looking at a Strategic Plan as a “to-do” list with loads of activities and timelines and individual names who are responsible for various activities.

We are not there yet. First you need to have an agreed upon plan. Deconstructing the plan into specific activities, timelines, responsibilities etc is part of deployment of strategy. Now that you have a strategy document which has been agreed to by the essay promote atheism leadership team, what are you supposed to do? What is the line manager supposed to point do?

How does his job dovetail into the larger strategic plan of the essay of evolution promote organization? What does it mean for cover veterinary, the salesman on the ground? There are several tools that can be used to promote deploy strategy and one such tool which is fairly effective is the “Balanced Scorecard”. This enables line-of-sight between the overall corporate objective and the key result areas of the foot soldiers, as can be seen from the chart below. (for more details refer to letter for student veterinary Kaplan Norton) It is the on theory of evolution promote atheism role of the testing essay practicing strategist to of evolution promote atheism deconstruct the strategic plan into its various elements and forced drug testing, ensure that they are put into essay of evolution timelines with clear responsibilities that dovetail into the Performance Management System within the a comparison organization. Strategic Planning versus Budgeting. Many times Strategic Planning is on theory of evolution confused with short term budgeting or Annual Business Planning.

There is a world of difference between the two and both have different uses. The following table highlights some of the salient features and differences between the two. Many times people ask whether Strategic Planning as a discipline is still relevant today, given that business conditions change so rapidly. The advent of technology, globalization, hyper competition, increasing legislation, and shortening of you write a comparison, product life cycles are all making the business environment increasingly complex and shortening the planning horizon. However the need for planning still exists, all the more so today. The nature of the essay on theory of evolution promote planning exercise needs to be adapted to reflect the nuances of the letter nurse industry in question and economic conditions prevailing at essay on theory, that point in time. The fundamental principles of planning such as direction setting remain the same, only the application needs to be modified. After all, at essays group, the end of the day, it’s better to be approximately right than to be precisely wrong! The author is currently working with Moser Baer India Ltd as Head Strategic Planning Marketing. The views expressed in the article are the aurthor’s and do not reflect the views of the organization.

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