Benefits of high school sports essay

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Gospel Topics Essay: Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham. Note: The Mormon Church began publishing essays on benefits of high school sports, a variety of historical and papers high voltage, doctrinal issues. To see an overview of the articles, you can go here: Gospel Topic Essays: Fixing History? In this review of an benefits of high school, article titled “Translation and Historicity of the Book of Financial, Abraham: A Gospel Topics Essay,” the entire article will be cited (all underlined), with my comments throughout. Here is the 5-part Viewpoint on Mormonism series broadcast during the week of school sports essay, December 1, 2014: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints embraces the book of Abraham as scripture. Before we go any further, I must comment on the word embraces . How can the Mormon Church leaders “embrace” the Book of Abraham? After all, this book in the LDS canon is perhaps the biggest reason church members leave Mormonism. There is plenty of evidence to possible for thesis show the Book of of high sports, Abraham is fraudulent, a false bill of sales, an invitation to join a Ponzi scheme, and so much worse. If the church “embraces” this book, then we must wonder why so very little has been said about it at General Conferences held since the 1970s. Essays By Vbulletin? Rather, I believe this part of LDS scripture is an embarrassment to the church, so don’t be fooled by this statement.

As far as the reference to benefits of high school sports essay the “ book” of Abraham, I’m not sure why the small letter “b” is used. The “Book” of Mormon is always capitalized. And although many sources on lds.org don’t capitalize the word “book,” others do. Research Term Papers High Voltage? (For example, see here.) It is benefits of high essay also capitalized in the explanatory note preceding the book in the LDS canon (“ A Translation of possible questions, some ancient Records that have fallen into of high school sports, our hands from the catacombs of Egypt. The writings of Abraham while he was in Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written by his own hand, upon papyrus.”) The media traditionally capitalize it (i.e. see here and here). Even LDS apologists capitalize it. No explanation is analysis given for making it lowercased, but in this article, I will retain the traditional capitalized “Book” of Abraham and leave the underlined portions intact. This book, a record of the biblical prophet and patriarch Abraham, recounts how Abraham sought the blessings of the priesthood, rejected the idolatry of his father, covenanted with Jehovah, married Sarai, moved to Canaan and Egypt, and received knowledge about the benefits school essay, Creation. The book of Abraham largely follows the biblical narrative but adds important information regarding Abraham’s life and everyone, teachings. This isn’t the first time where a church publication lifted the Book of benefits sports, Abraham to a lofty position.

A church manual boasts: The book of Abraham is an evidence of the seo for everyone, inspired calling of the Prophet Joseph Smith. It came forth at a time when the study of the benefits of high school sports essay, ancient Egyptian language and Financial analysis, culture was just beginning. The scholars of the 1800s had scarcely begun to explore the field of Egyptology, and yet, with no formal training in ancient languages and no knowledge of ancient Egypt (except his work with the Book of Mormon), Joseph Smith began his translation of the ancient manuscripts. School Essay? His knowledge and ability came through the power and gift of God, together with his own determination and faith. ( Pearl of Great Price Student Manual Religion 327 , 2000, p. Essays By Vbulletin? 29). Another one states:

In 1967 eleven fragments of the Joseph Smith papyri were rediscovered by Doctor Aziz S. Atiya, in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. Studies of them have confirmed that they are mainly ancient Egyptian funerary texts of the sort commonly buried with royalty and nobility and designed to guide them through their eternal journeyings. This has renewed the question about the connection between the records and the book of Abraham. Joseph Smith did not explain the method of translating the book of Abraham, just as he did not explain fully how the Book of Mormon was translated. Nevertheless, like the Book of Mormon, the book of Abraham is its own evidence that it came about through the gift and power of God ( Church History in the Fulness of Times: Religion 341-43 , p. 258). According to these manuals, Smith was inspired. Even though these are mainly Egyptian funerary texts and not writings from the school, patriarch Abraham, the reader is supposed to believe that “the book of thesis, Abraham is its own evidence that it came about through the gift and power of God.” So what do we do with the of high sports, Book of Abraham? There are only two possibilities: 1) Joseph Smith really did receive authentic papyri that contained the writings of ethics essays, Abraham. 2) Joseph Smith really never had papyri with writings of Abraham.

For the sake of argument, let’s assume the benefits sports essay, first possibility is correct and Smith did receive authentic papyri filled with the thesis tutorial, words of Abraham. If this is the case, then we still have two more possibilities: 1) Joseph Smith really did know how to translate these Egyptian hieroglyphics and put them into English, which we have today and found in the Book of Abraham. 2) Joseph Smith really did not know how to translate these Egyptian hieroglyphics. If Joseph Smith never had papyri with writings of Abraham, we are left with three possibilities. Joseph Smith was. As the Gospel Topics essay explains, the Mormon Church continues to “embrace the book of Abraham as scripture.” In other words, a person must have faith that this book is authentic (#1 in benefits of high sports essay, the first scenario) and translatable by the hand of essays, Joseph Smith (#1 in of high school, the second scenario).

If the second possibility in either scenario is correct, then the Book of questions defence, Abraham is not what it is benefits school essay touted to be by LDS Church leaders. The book of Abraham was first published in 1842 and was canonized as part of the tutorial seo for everyone, Pearl of Great Price in 1880. The book originated with Egyptian papyri that Joseph Smith translated beginning in 1835. Many people saw the papyri, but no eyewitness account of the translation survives, making it impossible to reconstruct the process. Only small fragments of the long papyrus scrolls once in Joseph Smith’s possession exist today. The relationship between those fragments and sports essay, the text we have today is largely a matter of conjecture. Let’s provide a little background.

In July 1835 Joseph Smith met a traveling showman by by vbulletin, the name of Michael H. Benefits Of High Essay? Chandler who was displaying four Egyptian mummies in Kirtland, Ohio. Along with the mummies, Chandler possessed two rolls of papyri that contained a number of hieroglyphics, which he sold to the Mormons for $2,400. Lab Report? The next day, Smith proclaimed that the manuscripts were actually written by none other than two Old Testament patriarchs: I commenced the translation of some of the characters or hieroglyphics, and much to our joy found that one of the rolls contained the benefits essay, writings of Abraham, another the writings of Joseph of Egypt, etc. ( History of the Church, 2:235–36.) To stumble on such an incredible find was, in itself, an amazing stroke of what Mormons would view as divine providence. Imagine for a moment what a discovery this would be if, in fact, Smith had really come across the writings of Abraham and Joseph. They would be priceless, predating the Book of Genesis by about five hundred years. Questions For Thesis? If, as some LDS leaders believed, the of high school sports essay, Book of Abraham was actually written by the patriarch himself, they would be the only autograph manuscripts of powered, biblical personalities currently available. For example, President Wilford Woodruff said,

The Lord is Blessing Joseph with Power to reveal mysteries of the sports, kingdom of thesis tutorial, God; to translate through the urim and Thummim Ancient records Hyeroglyphics as old as Abraham or Adam. Of High Sports? . . . Joseph the Seer has presented us some of the Book of Abraham which was written by his own hand but hid from the analysis, knowledged of man for of high the last four thousand years. . . . (Susan Staker, ed., Waiting for World’s End: The Diaries of Wilford Woodruff (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books, 1993), 50-51. Ellipsis and spelling in profits essays, original. For more information on of high school essay, this topic, see here.) Of the two papyri, Smith chose to profits essays focus on school, the one he claimed was written by the patriarch Abraham, who, according to the text, supposedly held the priesthood well before it was even formulated by essays, God in the days of the Levites. In 1842 the Mormon periodical Times and Seasons printed everything that Smith was able to translate until that time. These were the 1 March, 15 March, and 16 May 1842 issues of the Times and Seasons.

Circumstances would prohibit him from benefits, “translating” the rest of the Book of Abraham papyrus or the other papyrus that he called the Book of Joseph. In 1851 Smith’s uncompleted translation was published as a part of the Pearl of Great Price . This was canonized in 1880, thus elevating the Book of Abraham to the level of LDS scripture. One of the major doctrines emanating from the Book of Abraham is the profits essays, “curse of Cain.” Abraham 1:21-26 states, Now this king of Egypt was a descendant from the loins of of high school essay, Ham, and was a partaker of the Financial, blood of the Canaanites by school sports essay, birth. From this descent sprang all the Egyptians, and thus the blood of the Canaanites was preserved in the land. The land of Egypt being first discovered by a woman, who was the daughter of ethics profits essays, Ham, and the daughter of Egyptus, which in the Chaldean signifies Egypt, which signifies that which is forbidden; When this woman discovered the land it was under water, who afterward settled her sons in benefits school sports, it; and thus, from Ham, sprang that race which preserved the curse in the land. Now the first government of Egypt was established by seo for, Pharaoh, the eldest son of benefits of high, Egyptus, the daughter of Ham, and it was after the manner of the government of Ham, which was patriarchal. Pharaoh, being a righteous man, established his kingdom and judged his people wisely and justly all his days, seeking earnestly to imitate that order established by the fathers in the first generations, in the days of the ethics, first patriarchal reign, even in benefits of high sports essay, the reign of Adam, and also of Noah, his father, who blessed him with the blessings of the earth, and with the blessings of wisdom, but cursed him as pertaining to the Priesthood. Smith used this passage in 1836 to claim that those with African heritage had inherited this “curse,” the impetus for the later ban of questions, Blacks from the LDS priesthood. It wasn’t until 1978 when this stringent ban was lifted. Today, however, no changes have been made to this portion of LDS scripture and the entire book remains in the standard works canon.

In 1966, eleven pieces of Smith’s original papyri were discovered in the Metropolitan Museum in New York, which were later turned over to benefits of high sports essay the LDS Church. Purpose Example? This discovery would be a major blow to the idea that the Book of benefits of high, Abraham should be considered authentic scripture from the patriarch. Thus, the Gospel Topics essay says that ““only small fragments of the ethics essays, long papyrus scrolls once in Joseph Smith’s possession exist today” and that there is a large segment of the scroll now missing. Such an assertion is simply not true. Egyptologists have said that, if anything is missing, it is a minute fraction. When Smith’s “translation” of the Egyptian hieroglyphics is considered, we can see that he had no clue as to what he was doing. For instance, he took one backwards E letter—which, in the Egyptian, was part of a series of letters that mean “pool”—and turned this letter into 73 words (Abraham 1:13-14). Benefits School Essay? In fact, this practice was common throughout his “translation.” Charles Larson states, On some occasions Joseph Smith separated a single Egyptian word to derive characters for his “translation,” while at papers transformers other times he combined more than one Egyptian word into a single set of characters. In all cases his translation attributes a far more complex explanation to the Egyptian letters and words of Papyrus Joseph Smith XI than do professional Egyptologists, and Smith ascribes meanings to words which are totally unrelated to their actual denotation. Thus, Joseph Smith’s “translation” is benefits school sports essay completely incorrect in both method and lab report example, content. ( By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus , 96)

The content of the writing is not even close to what Smith “translates,” a fact offered by David Persuitte: Papyrus No. XI and its associated pieces were actually a version of what is called the Egyptian “Book of Breathings,” or a “Breathing Permit.” The papyri upon which it is found are sometimes called “Sen-Sen” papyri because of the Egyptian word for “breathing,” which occurs frequently in the text. The Book of Breathings represents an attempt by the Egyptians to consolidate those elements of their beliefs that were essential parts of their funeral rites. It was, in short, a sort of talisman that was buried with the dead to assure their well-being in the afterlife. ( Joseph Smith and the Origins of the Book of benefits school essay, Mormon , 292). According to Dr. Robert Ritner from the University of Chicago, the Book of Breathings is, for all intents and purposes, intact; there are no substantial missing pieces. He stated, Assuming no reason that this particular Book of Breathings scroll must be expanded much beyond the surviving length, I have now read the entire document from the thesis seo for, beginning to of high school sports essay the end and have made up what one could make out on the poor copy of the final vignette.

The most that is lab report purpose example missing from this text is simply two columns of Egyptian hieratic and possibly a small vignette, but other than that there would be nothing more that would inflate its current length other than its current size. It is both unprecedented and benefits of high, unreasonable to term papers high voltage assume that an intrusive text about sports essay, a completely different matter, a narrative history about Abraham and lab report purpose example, his descendants, would have been inserted into of high school essay, a document whose beginning, middle, and end is devoted specifically to the resurrection of an Egyptian priest. It would disrupt the document and ethics profits, have nothing to do with this content. ( The Lost Book of Abraham , quoted at 40 minutes) I’ll quote Dr. Ritner elsewhere in this paper, as he is an Egyptologist who is benefits school sports essay most willing to talk about this specific Book of Abraham issue. As a scholar, he is not very impressed with the scholarship of the Mormon community, and the Gospel Topics essay did not convince him that the Book of Abraham is authentic. In a review of the essay called “A Response to ‘Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham,'” Dr. Ritner wrote: The recent web posting on the Book of example, Abraham by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints (hereafter the LDS church) represents new reflection on a document whose authenticity as verifiable history is benefits of high school essay now officially acknowledged to by vbulletin be in serious dispute. Thus the position paper concludes with a concession by noting (unnamed) modern scholarly opposition to the Book of Abraham, followed by a defense against of high school any such scholarly debate: “The veracity and value of the book of Abraham cannot be settled by scholarly debate concerning the book’s translation and historicity.” Rather, the truth of the book is ethics sought in benefits of high essay, ways that cannot be verified externally, relying exclusively upon papers about traditional faith: “a careful study of its teachings, sincere prayer, and the confirmation of the Spirit.”

Such a declaration may seem reasonable to those already predisposed to accept it, but on closer reading, the LDS church posting suggests discomfort with its own conclusions and reasoning. Not a single opposing scholar is mentioned by name, nor are their reasons for benefits of high school essay rejecting the Book of essays, Abraham. Yet the LDS paper attempts to engage in benefits of high school sports essay, scholarly debate from Financial, a one-sided position, repeatedly citing in the footnotes the same limited set of apologists who are primarily church employees at BYU in Provo. The significance of these apologetic publications will be discussed below. Of High Sports Essay? If scholarly dispute over translation and historicity is possible questions ultimately irrelevant, why bother to devote extended paragraphs to rebuttals of unmentioned objections on benefits sports essay, “Translation and the Book of Abraham,” “The Papyri,” and “The Book of Abraham and the Ancient World”? According to Dr. Research Term Power Transformers? Ritner, the “works cited” for this paper is not much different from the LDS scholars who have been attempting to benefits defend their scripture over the years. This makes sense because, most likely, these same scholars are the ones who probably wrote the unattributed Gospel Topics essay in ethics profits essays, the first place! These Mormon scholars have created a number of theories have been proposed over the years to prop up the benefits of high school sports essay, efficacy of the Book of Abraham. In fact, consider the by vbulletin, “Hidden Meaning” theory, the school, “Mnemonic Device” theory, the “Any Egyptian Connection” theory, the “Scribes Did It” theory, the “Missing Black and Red Scroll” theory, the “Mistaken Identity” theory, the “Catalyst” Theory, and the “Nobody Really Understands Egyptian Anyway” theory. Some of these “theories” are as far-fetched as Bigfoot eating the Loch Ness Monster.

Not one of these theories has been able to hold up when the evidence is considered. (See chapter 11 (“The Intellectual Approaches”) in By His Own Hand Upon Papyru s by Charles Larson for explanations of each theory.) Instead of focusing on missing pieces of the Book of Abraham (for which there is little evidence), perhaps LDS scholars and everyone, apologists should be dealing with the of high, problems caused by what we is available. Absolutely nothing that we have today provides any support for Smith’s LDS scripture. We do know some things about the translation process. By Vbulletin? The word translation typically assumes an expert knowledge of multiple languages. Joseph Smith claimed no expertise in any language. Essay? He readily acknowledged that he was one of the essays, “weak things of the world,” called to speak words sent “from heaven.” Speaking of the translation of the Book of Mormon, the Lord said, “You cannot write that which is sacred save it be given you from me.” The same principle can be applied to the book of Abraham. The Lord did not require Joseph Smith to have knowledge of Egyptian. By the gift and power of God, Joseph received knowledge about the life and teachings of Abraham. The LDS article explains how “Smith claimed no expertise in of high sports essay, any language,” including Egyptian. By making this admission, the argument maintains that Smith must have been given divine revelation to thesis seo for everyone make his Book of Abraham translation.

After all, he had previously done this a few years before with the “reformed Egyptian” text of the Book of Mormon, which he claimed he did “by the gift and power of God.” And voila, here are the same words being used in this essay to show how his divine inspiration (rather than his understanding of essay, Egyptian hieroglyphics) allowing him to make his translation of the Book of Abraham. Purpose? Is this a coincidence? Hardly. Comparing the Book of Mormon to the Book of Abraham, Christian author H. Benefits Essay? Michael Marquardt states: Only part of the original 1829 manuscript of the Book of Mormon pages of the dictated text is extent. We do not have the gold plates to determine how accurate Joseph Smith’s dictation from the Egyptian was. But we do have the Egyptian papyri, Joseph Smith’s Egyptian Alphabet, and the Book of Abraham Translation Manuscripts. Lab Report Example? These later manuscripts together with Joseph Smith’s journal and knowing when his scribes worked with him all place the dictation process in the last half of 1835.

With all of of high school, this historical background we have enough information to examine Joseph Smith’s competence with the powered by vbulletin, ancient Egyptian language. ( The Rise of Mormonism: 1816-1844 , 407.) Let’s consider how the LDS prophet was able to get away with this ploy. In Smith’s day few people could have been considered experts in the field of Egyptology. Benefits Of High Sports Essay? The famous Rosetta Stone, currently on display at the British Museum in London, was discovered accidentally in purpose, 1799 by Napoleon’s troops in Egypt. A number of scholars worked for years to decipher the stone, which contained hieroglyphic Egyptian, demotic Egyptian, and Greek characters. Finally, Jean Francois Champollion announced his results in 1822. Yet getting this information communicated to a general population would take many years before the Information Age took place.

As Dr. Ritner explains: In the 1840s in benefits, the United States, the ancient Egyptian language was virtually unknown. It had only been to be deciphered in 1822 and that knowledge simply had not crossed the Atlantic. So any interpretation given to an Egyptian document in 1842 or 45 or 50 or even 1860 would have been believable to a general audience. We would have no way of comparing it with the Financial analysis, actual truth ( The Lost Book of Abraham, 14 minutes in) By 1861, T. School? Deveria had noted a series of anachronisms and absurdities in the supposed translations and woodcut vignettes, and in 1912 a solicitation for professional opinions on the matter drew uniformly derisive assessments from A. H. Sayce, W. Financial? M. Benefits Of High School Sports Essay? F. Petrie, J. H. Breasted, A. C. Mace, J. Lab Report Purpose? Peters, S. A. B. Of High School Essay? Mercer, E. Meyer, and F. W. Essays? von Bissing Dr. Ritner did an benefits school essay, extended study on the different papyri that were discovered in questions, 1967. Benefits? As far as Facsmilies 1 and 2, he writes: Comparison of the Financial, surviving initial vignette of the Hor papyrus with Facsimile 1 proves beyond doubt, as the benefits of high sports, LDS web post agrees, that it was “the vignette that became facsimile 1.” However, neither Facsimile 1 nor 2 is a true copy, and analysis, both contain added forgeries, including the human-head and knife of the supposed “idolatrous priest of Elkenah” (Fig. 3 on essay, Facsimile 1) as can be seen in the crude pencil additions to the original papyrus sheet as mounted and “improved” for publication by the LDS church in 1842.

NOTE: Go here to see an excellent portrayal of Facsimiles 1-3 by Infographics. In a video, he explained, What this document really is is an extended prayer on behalf of a deceased Egyptian priest, which begins with an invocation to the god of mummification, probably, certainly with a picture of the god of mummification, to ensure the ethics profits, priest’s continued existence into the next world, and benefits of high essay, then it’s followed by a series of statements where “Oh deified Horus, may you walk as you head down in life, may your ears function, may your eyes function, may the gods receive you.” Long series of invocations on essays powered by vbulletin, this, essentially assuring that this dead priest is able to school function in death as he had in life, but now as part of a company of the ancient Egyptian gods. Profits Essays? Abraham is not mentioned once. ( The Lost Book of Abraham video, 38 minutes in) Smith’s papyrus was both torn and attached to a backing that held it in place. On the backing someone, possibly Smith, filled in benefits school sports essay, areas that were missing. An examination of Joseph Smith’s Facsimile No. 1 exposes a number of discrepancies between Smith’s interpretation and that of modern Egyptologists. Smith claimed that the facsimile portrays Abraham lying on an altar. Standing next to him is the idolatrous priest Elkanah who holds a knife in his hand.

Smith claimed that Elkanah was attempting to offer Abraham as a sacrifice. Below the altar are figures that Smith describes as idolatrous gods. Smith named a bird that hovers above the head of Abraham as the angel of the Lord. Richard A. Parker, once the chairman of the department of Egyptology at Brown University, disagreed with Smith’s assessment. He claimed: This is a well-known scene from the Osiris mysteries, with Anubis, the thesis everyone, jackal-headed god, on the left ministering to the dead Osiris on the bier. The pencilled(?) restoration is incorrect. Benefits? Anubis should be jackal-headed. The left arm of Osiris is in reality lying at his side under him.

The apparent upper hand is part of the wing of a second bird which is hovering over the erect phallus of Osiris (now broken away). The second bird is Isis and she is magically impregnated by the dead Osiris and then later gives birth to Horus who avenges his father and takes over his inheritance. The complete bird represents Nephthys, sister to Osiris and Isis. Essays? Beneath the bier are the benefits essay, four canopic jars with heads representative of the four sons of Horus, human-headed Imseti, baboon-headed Hapy, jackal-headed Duamutef and possible questions for thesis, falcon-headed Kebehsenuf. (Richard A. Parker, “The Joseph Smith Papyri: A Preliminary Report,” Dialogue 3, no. Benefits Essay? 2 (summer 1968): 86.) For a comparison of Joseph Smith’s interpretation of Facsimile 1 compared to what it really was, click here. Other problems develop when Facsimile No. 2 is considered. Research Term High? This circular drawing supposedly verified the LDS teaching that God lives near a planet called Kolob. Smith also claimed it gave reference to “grand Key-words of the Priesthood.” (Explanation of figure seven opposite Facsimile No. 2.) Key words are an essential part of the LDS temple ceremony.

Speaking specifically about Facsmilie 2, Dr. Ritner states, Facsimile 2 derives from a separate burial, for an individual named Sheshonq. Benefits Of High? Large portions of this published “facsimile” were improperly inserted from powered, unrelated papyri. All of Smith’s published “explanations” are incorrect, including the lone example defended by the new web posting. According to Egyptologist Stephen E. Thompson: Facsimile 2 is a drawing of an Egyptian funerary amulet known as a hypocephalus, which was placed under the head of the mummy and benefits, was intended to protect the head of the deceased, provide him with the sun’s life-giving warmth, and to make it possible for him to join the sun god Re in his celestial boat, and thereby insure his continued, pleasant existence in thesis tutorial, the next life. (Stephen Thompson, “Egyptology and the Book of Mormon,” Dialogue 28, no. 1 (spring 1995): 149–50.)

Thompson went on to say: Concerning Joseph Smith’s interpretations of the school sports essay, figures in this facsimile, it has been stated that “his explanations, are, in research high voltage, general, reasonable in light of modern Egyptological knowledge.” A comparison of Smith’s interpretations with current Egyptological scholarship shows that this statement is benefits sports also incorrect. Questions? (Ibid., 150.) For a look at the translation of of high, Facsimilie 2 by Smith versus what the Egyptian really said, click here. And for Facsimile 3, he writes, In Facsimile 3, Smith confuses human and animal heads and males with females. No amount of special pleading can change the female “Isis the great, the god’s mother” (Facsimile 3, Fig. 2) into the male “King Pharaoh, whose name is given in voltage, the characters above his hand,” as even the LDS author Michael D. Rhodes accepts. Here Smith also misunderstands “Pharaoh” as a personal name rather than a title meaning “king,” so he reads “king king” for benefits of high a goddess’s name that he claims to have understood on the papyrus!

For a look at Facsimile 3, click here. When the purpose, manuscript of the Book of benefits essay, Abraham became available in the 1960s, scholars were now able to essays investigate whether or not Joseph Smith was indeed a prophet inspired by God with the ability to translate another language. As it turns out, Smith had no clue about the Egyptian language. Marquardt writes, Joseph Smith’s work on his Book of Abraham Egyptian alphabet, seven years later shows that he could not understand or interpret documents written anciently. From examinations done by Egyptologists, their studies show that Smith had not the slightest idea what the Egyptian characters meant relating to names, places, and subject matter. These manuscript pages clearly show that Joseph Smith pretended to translate Egyptian records. The claim that they had been written by the biblical Abraham is without a solid foundation. The manuscript pages show that Smith used the Bible like he did when he dictated the Book of benefits, Mormon text. ( The Rise of Mormonism: 1816-1844 , 406.) Egyptologists are unanimous that Smith’s “translation” was inaccurate and analysis, that his source was, in fact, of pagan origin, having nothing to do with the of high sports essay, patriarch Abraham. As Charles Larson explains,

Based on comparisons of the Financial analysis, Metropolitan papyri to of high school sports essay every available resource, including descriptions contemporary with Joseph Smith of the so-called Abraham and Joseph scrolls, as well as to a number of original translation manuscripts and other notes of the time, the term about transformers, papyrus scroll Joseph Smith represented as containing “the writings of Abraham” was shown to be merely a common pagan funeral papyrus of late date known as the Book of Breathings. The scroll thought to contain the “writings of Joseph of Egypt” was also identified as a typical late copy of the Egyptian Book of the Bead, which had been prepared for a woman named Ta-shert-Min. Of High Sports Essay? Neither scroll ever had anything to do with the biblical patriarchs Abraham or Joseph, except in the mind of Joseph Smith. ( By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus , 173-74.) He also wrote on page 175: Not a single word, thought, or concept from Joseph Smith’s Book of Abraham, including his explanations of possible questions for thesis defence, his three facsimiles, is in any way related to benefits school the subject matter of the common Egyptian funeral texts from which they were supposedly translated. Dr. Lanny Bell, who teaches Egyptology at Brown University, adds, From the evidence we have today, it’s quite safe to purpose say that Joseph Smith did not have the Book of benefits of high school sports, Abraham or the Book of Joseph in front of him in the form of Financial, these papyri because they bear no relationship to the context of benefits of high school sports essay, these stories or his translation. Their findings are exactly the same as the research given by Egyptologists going back to the 19 th century, including Dr. A. H. Sayce (Oxford University), Dr.

W.M. Flinders Petrie (London University), Dr. Defence? James H. Breasted (University of Chicago), Dr. Arthur C. Mace (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), Dr. John Peters (University of Pennsylvania), Dr. Edward Meyer (University of Berlin), Dr. Freidrick Freiheer Von Bissing (University of Munich), and Dr. Samnuel A. School Essay? B. Mercer (Western Theological Seminary). (For these quotes, see What Every Mormon (and Non-Mormon) Should Know , written by Edmond C. Gruss and Lane A. Thuet, pp. 162-164.) In fact, we know of no reputable Egyptologist (outside of the LDS Church’s John Gee) who has accepted Smith’s translation.

On many particulars, the book of Abraham is consistent with historical knowledge about the ancient world. Some of this knowledge, which is powered discussed later in this essay, had not yet been discovered or was not well known in benefits of high school essay, 1842. But even this evidence of powered, ancient origins, substantial though it may be, cannot prove the truthfulness of the book of Abraham any more than archaeological evidence can prove the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt or the Resurrection of the Son of God. The book of Abraham’s status as scripture ultimately rests on faith in the saving truths found within the book itself as witnessed by the Holy Ghost. This claim is very similar to one made in a 2000 church manual: The Prophet Joseph Smith never communicated his method of translating these records. As with all other scriptures, a testimony of the truthfulness of these writing is primarily a matter of faith. The greatest evidence of the truthfulness of the book of Abraham is benefits of high not found in an analysis of seo for everyone, physical evidence nor historical back­ground, but in prayerful consideration of its contents and power. Benefits Essay? ( The Pearl of Great Price Student Manual – Religion 327 , 2000, p. Essays? 28).

Ahh, so here we have it. Apparently a Mormon is benefits essay encouraged to disregard any evidence that might weigh against the Book of Abraham. Let’s take the analysis, examples given in the essay regarding archaeological evidence: Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt: Of course, we have no archaeological evidence from the Exodus, nor would we expect to benefits of high school find anything. After all, the people of Israel were nomads for 40 years and did not build anything. Nothing will ever be found to support this biblical story. It’s interesting that this example is used. New evidence continually comes up in the Holy Land to support the story of the Bible. (For examples of evidence found in 2013, see here.) It is possible to visit Jericho, Ai, Caesarea, and Bet Shean to get an idea of what took place thousands of years ago. Ethics? Certainly an element of faith is needed to of high school sports accept the events and people talked about in the Bible, but the historical/archaeological evidence is a huge support. In fact, there is much more to support the Bible than the Book of Mormon, for that matter! The Resurrection: Talk about evidence!

According to Paul in the fifteenth chapter of 1 Corinthians: 3 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for term about high voltage power our sins according to benefits school essay the scriptures; 4 And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures: 5 And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the about high voltage power, twelve: 6 After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep. 7 After that, he was seen of of high school, James; then of all the apostles. 8 And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time. There is good historical evidence for the resurrection.

Of course, it still takes faith. But the leap of faith is a jump into the light, not the darkness. (For a fuller depiction of reasons why a person should believe in the resurrection, click here.) These cases are much different from the faith a person must have to believe in Financial analysis, the Book of Abraham, for of high school essay which the evidence screams “fraud” rather than lending support to Financial analysis its veracity. The Bible is very clear that we must “test everything” (1 Thess. 5:21). Indeed, we are supposed to of high school sports “test the spirits to see if they are true for thesis tutorial seo for everyone many false prophets have gone out into the world” (1 John 4:1). Jesus described in the Sermon on of high sports, the Mount how there are many false prophets masquerading as sheep when they are really ravenous wolves. Financial Analysis? When the Bereans tested what Paul taught them in Acts 17, they were considered nobler than the Thessalonians because they went to benefits of high school sports essay scripture to purpose ascertain truth. To suggest, as this essay seems to do, that the facts ought to take a back seat to faith is flawed, no matter how spiritual a Mormon may think it sounds. At this point, I want to benefits of high school essay bring something up about the language. The Jews in those days spoke Hebrew.

There is no evidence a Jew ever wrote using Egyptian hieroglyphics. It would seem that Moses—who authored the Pentateuch—is the more likely candidate to have written in Egyptian since he grew up in the palace of thesis everyone, Pharaoh! Of course, Abraham did travel to Egypt, as recorded in Genesis chapter 12, and even stayed there for sports essay a short time. Lab Report Purpose? But this was not the land of his friends and sports, family. Instead, it was a place where, according to Abraham 1:5, “the worshiping of the gods of the heathen” was common. Thus, a Mormon needs to ask why Abraham would have written in a non-native language and style (hieroglyphics) belonging to pagans who worshiped other gods.

It is also curious that, just by chance, these very words of Abraham found their way to Kirtland, Ohio, and into the hands of a man who just so happened had the ability to “translate” them. Yet the English of the Book of Abraham is term papers about voltage transformers completely out of context with the benefits school essay, Egyptian style. Dr. Ritner explains that the “translation” provided by Smith is just like trying to mix Chinese and Ethiopian: The narrative style of the Book of Abraham does not correspond to lab report purpose example Egyptian verbiage. It’s not the kind of of high school sports essay, thing Egyptians would say, they wouldn’t say it in that way, and it certainly would never appear in that way in a context such as this. It couldn’t possibly be more out of place. ( The Lost Book of Abraham , 40 minutes in)

We’ll consider more details that are detrimental to the Book of Abraham, and when everything is possible put together, the chances the Book of Abraham is benefits school sports authentic scripture lands between slim and none. The Book of Abraham as Scripture. Thousands of years ago, the prophet Nephi learned that one purpose of the Book of Mormon was to “establish the truth” of the Bible. In a similar way, the book of purpose example, Abraham supports, expands, and clarifies the biblical account of Abraham’s life. In the biblical account, God covenants with Abraham to “make of thee a great nation.” The book of Abraham provides context for that covenant by showing that Abraham was a seeker of “great knowledge” and a “follower of of high essay, righteousness” who chose the right path in spite of great hardship. He rejected the wickedness of his father’s household and spurned the idols of the surrounding culture, despite the threat of death. In the Bible, God’s covenant with Abraham appears to begin during Abraham’s life. According to the book of Abraham, the covenant began before the foundation of the earth and was passed down through Adam, Noah, and other prophets. Abraham thus takes his place in a long line of prophets and patriarchs whose mission is to profits preserve and extend God’s covenant on benefits sports, earth.

The heart of this covenant is the priesthood, through which “the blessings of salvation, even of life eternal” are conveyed. In order to believe that we have new things to learn about Abraham, a person must trust that this book is true. To get to this point, Joseph Smith must be trusted. When we look at the life of the Mormon founder, doubts should be placed in our minds. The book of Abraham clarifies several teachings that are obscure in the Bible. Life did not begin at birth, as is commonly believed. Prior to tutorial seo for coming to benefits of high school earth, individuals existed as spirits. In a vision, Abraham saw that one of the spirits was “like unto God.” This divine being, Jesus Christ, led other spirits in Financial analysis, organizing the earth out of “materials” or preexisting matter, not ex nihilo or out of nothing, as many Christians later came to believe. Abraham further learned that mortal life was crucial to benefits of high the plan of profits, happiness God would provide for His children: “We will prove them herewith,” God stated, “to see if they will do all things whatsoever the Lord their God shall command them,” adding a promise to add glory forever upon the faithful.

Nowhere in the Bible is the purpose and potential of earth life stated so clearly as in the book of Abraham. A quick scan through the third chapter of the Book of Abraham (where the information from school essay, this part of the essay came) can easily show how Joseph Smith merely took verses from other parts of the Old Testament and restated them here. Writes Marquardt, While dictating the Book of Abraham (what is now chapter 2) Joseph Smith used the KJV Genesis as a guide and text for part of his story. The actual wording in the story suggests the use of Genesis in lab report example, composing this work. This would indicate that the wording dictated was basically a copying effort of benefits school, a preestablished text. At times he revised the KVV text to make it an autobiographical account by Financial analysis, Abraham. The wording as printed in the KJV was used as part of the text Abraham supposedly wrote by his own hand. It is clear that Joseph Smith had the of high school sports essay, Bible open to the book of Genesis as he dictated this section of the Book of Abraham. ( The Rise of Mormonism: 1816-1844 , 402.) If a plagiarist wanted to make his writing sound biblical, what would keep him from copying key phrases and ideas from the book already in his hands?

Consider, for example, the following: 2:11: “And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse them that curse thee.” (Compare Genesis 12:3.) 3:11: “ Thus I, Abraham, talked with the Lord, face to face, as one man talketh with another; and he told me of the works which his hands had made.” Compare with Exodus 33:11 and Numbers 12:8. 3:14: “And it was in the night time when the Lord spake these words unto me: I will multiply thee, and thy seed after thee, like unto these; and if thou canst count the number of sands, so shall be the number of thy seeds.” Compare with Genesis 22:17. 3:23: “And God saw these souls that they were good, and he stood in the midst of Financial analysis, them, and he said: These I will make my rulers; for benefits essay he stood among those that were spirits, and he saw that they were good; and he said unto me: Abraham, thou art one of them; thou wast chosen before thou wast born.” Compare with Jeremiah 1:5. 3:27: “And the Lord said: Whom shall I send? And one answered like unto the Son of Man: Here am I, send me. And another answered and said: Here am I, send me. And the Lord said: I will send the first.” Compare with Isaiah 6:8. But there are other odds parts to the Book of possible for thesis, Abraham.

For example, in Abraham 1:10, it reads, “Even the sports, thank-offering of a child did the priest of power, Pharaoh offer upon the altar which stood by the hill called Potiphar’s Hill, at the head of the plain of essay, Olishem.” (Also see verse 20.) Potiphar was the husband of the woman who made it look like the term about voltage power, biblical Joseph had tried to rape her. This event took place several generations after Abraham. Perhaps this hill could have been named after another “Potiphar.” But I have no doubt that Joseph got this name from the Bible. In Abraham 1:16, it reads, “And his voice was unto me: Abraham, Abraham, behold, my name is Jehovah, and school essay, I have heard thee, and have come down to deliver thee, and to take thee away from thy father’s house, and powered by vbulletin, from all thy kinsfolk, into a strange land which thou knowest not of.” And Abraham 2:8 says, “My name is Jehovah, and I know the end from the beginning; therefore my hand shall be over thee.” It must be understood that Jehovah is an English word. It is not found in the Bible, as it is neither Greek or Hebrew.

Rather, the word is a result of combining the Tetragrammaton (YHWH, a word for “God”) with “Adonai,” a Greek word meaning “Lord.” Combining the essay, vowels from the Greek and seo for, inserting them into of high sports essay, the Hebrew YHWH created “Jehovah.” This was done well after the time that both the essays, Bible and the Book of Abraham were originally written. The Mormon must explain how the made-up English word “Jehovah” get into the Egyptian language when it was not even invented until a thousand years after Christ. In 2:16-17, it reads, “Therefore, eternity was our covering and our rock and our salvation, as we journeyed from Haran by the way of Jershon, to come to the land of Canaan. Now I, Abraham, built an altar in the land of of high school, Jershon.” However, “Jershon” is a Book of Mormon place name found in Alma 35 and is not mentioned once in the Bible. Neither Abraham nor Moses would have had knowledge of thesis tutorial seo for everyone, New World names. Is this just another way Smith added words he had already created to show that his new revelation added new details and was somehow necessary as a supplement to Genesis? Abraham 2:22-24 reads: And it came to pass when I was come near to enter into Egypt, the Lord said unto me: Behold, Sarai, thy wife, is a very fair woman to look upon; Therefore it shall come to pass, when the Egyptians shall see her, they will say—She is his wife; and they will kill you, but they will save her alive; therefore see that ye do on this wise: Let her say unto the Egyptians, she is thy sister, and benefits sports, thy soul shall live. According to the Book of Abraham, God told Abraham to lie. If true, this leads to two problems: 1) God is papers about high voltage transformers culpable of lying because he told someone (Abraham) to do this.

2) This contradicts the biblical version which, for whatever reason, leaves this part out completely. Then, referring to the creation of the world in of high essay, Abraham chapter 4 and 5, Abraham moves to the plural use of Financial, “gods” (i.e. “the Gods, organized and formed the heavens and benefits of high essay, the earth,” “the Spirit of the Gods was brooding upon the face of the waters,” “and they (the Gods) comprehended the light, for it was bright,” “and the power transformers, Gods called the light Day,” and “and the Gods ordered the expanse”), using the plural instead of the singular for the creation of the world. Indeed, the Hebrew “Elohim” is sports plural, but no reputable translator has ever translated this word as “gods.” When it comes to the last two chapters of the Book of seo for everyone, Abraham, nothing is unique. In fact, Abraham 4 and Genesis 1 are parallel. The Creation: Comparing Genesis 1 and Abraham 4.

Abraham 4:1: “And then the Lord said: Let us go down. And they went down at the beginning, and they, that is the Gods, organized and sports essay, formed the heavens and the earth.” Genesis 1:1: “In the possible questions, beginning God created the heavens and the earth.” Abraham 4:2: “And the earth, after it was formed, was empty and benefits of high school essay, desolate, because they had not formed anything but the earth; and darkness reigned upon the face of the deep, and the Spirit of the Gods was brooding upon term papers high power transformers the face of the waters. Genesis 1:2: “And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.”

Abraham 4:3: “And they (the Gods) said: Let there be light; and school essay, there was light.” Genesis 1:3: “And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.” Abraham 4:4: “And they (the Gods) comprehended the tutorial seo for everyone, light, for it was bright; and they divided the light, or caused it to be divided, from the darkness.” Genesis 1:4: “ And God saw the benefits school essay, light, that it was good: and God divided the ethics profits essays, light from the darkness.” Abraham 4:5: “And the Gods called the light Day, and the darkness they called Night.

And it came to pass that from the evening until morning they called night; and from the morning until the evening they called day; and this was the first, or the beginning, of that which they called day and night.” Genesis 1:5: “ And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the of high school, evening and the morning were the first day.” Abraham 4:6: “And the Gods also said: Let there be an expanse in the midst of the possible for thesis, waters, and it shall divide the waters from the waters.” Genesis 1:6: “And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and of high essay, let it divide the waters from the waters.” Abraham 4:7: “And the Gods ordered the expanse, so that it divided the waters which were under the expanse from the waters which were above the expanse; and it was so, even as they ordered.” Genesis 1:7: “ And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.”

Abraham 4:8 “And the Gods called the expanse, Heaven. And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning that they called night; and it came to pass that it was from powered by vbulletin, morning until evening that they called day; and of high essay, this was the second time that they called night and day.” Genesis 1:8: “And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.” Abraham 4:9: “And the term high transformers, Gods ordered, saying: Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the earth come up dry; and it was so as they ordered; Genesis 1:9: “And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and of high school sports, let the dry land appear: and it was so.” Abraham 4:10: “And the Gods pronounced the dry land, Earth; and Financial analysis, the gathering together of the waters, pronounced they, Great Waters; and the Gods saw that they were obeyed.” Genesis 1:10: “And God called the dry land Earth; and benefits, the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.”

Abraham 4:11: “And the about high voltage power, Gods said: Let us prepare the earth to benefits school bring forth grass; the herb yielding seed; the fruit tree yielding fruit, after his kind, whose seed in papers about high transformers, itself yieldeth its own likeness upon the earth; and it was so, even as they ordered.” Genesis 1:11: “And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon benefits of high sports essay the earth: and it was so.” Abraham 4:12: “And the Gods organized the earth to bring forth grass from its own seed, and the herb to bring forth herb from its own seed, yielding seed after his kind; and the earth to bring forth the papers high voltage power, tree from its own seed, yielding fruit, whose seed could only bring forth the same in itself, after his kind; and the Gods saw that they were obeyed.” Genesis 1:12: “And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good.” Abraham 4:13: “And it came to pass that they numbered the days; from the evening until the morning they called night; and of high sports essay, it came to pass, from the morning until the evening they called day; and it was the third time.” Genesis 1:13: “And the evening and the morning were the third day. Abraham 4:14: “And the Gods organized the lights in the expanse of the heaven, and caused them to divide the high, day from the night; and of high, organized them to be for signs and for seasons, and for days and for years;” Genesis 1:14: “And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for Financial analysis signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years.” Abraham 4:15: “And organized them to benefits sports essay be for lights in the expanse of the heaven to give light upon the earth; and it was so.” Genesis 1:15: “And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon research term about high voltage transformers the earth: and it was so.” Abraham 4:16: “And the benefits of high school sports essay, Gods organized the two great lights, the greater light to questions for thesis rule the benefits sports, day, and the lesser light to rule the night; with the lesser light they set the stars also;”

Genesis 1:16: “And God made two great lights; the greater light to essays rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the benefits school, night: he made the stars also.” Abraham 4:17-18: “And the Gods set them in the expanse of the heavens, to analysis give light upon the earth, and to rule over the day and over the night, and to cause to divide the light from the darkness. And the Gods watched those things which they had ordered until they obeyed.” Genesis 1:17-18: “And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to benefits essay rule over lab report purpose the day and over the night, and to divide the benefits of high, light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.” Abraham 4:19: “And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning that it was night; and purpose, it came to pass that it was from morning until evening that it was day; and it was the fourth time.” Genesis 1:19: “And the benefits of high school essay, evening and the morning were the fourth day.” Abraham 4:20: “And the Gods said: Let us prepare the waters to bring forth abundantly the moving creatures that have life; and essays, the fowl, that they may fly above the earth in the open expanse of heaven.” Genesis 1:20: “And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.” Abraham 4:21: “And the Gods prepared the waters that they might bring forth great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters were to bring forth abundantly after their kind; and every winged fowl after their kind.

And the Gods saw that they would be obeyed, and that their plan was good.” Genesis 1:21: “And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and of high sports, every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.” Abraham 4:22: “And the Gods said: We will bless them, and cause them to by vbulletin be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas or great waters; and cause the fowl to multiply in the earth.” Genesis 1:22: “And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.” Abraham 4:23: “And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning that they called night; and it came to pass that it was from morning until evening that they called day; and it was the fifth time.” Genesis 1:23: “And the evening and the morning were the school, fifth day.” Abraham 4:24: “And the Gods prepared the earth to bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beasts of the ethics profits essays, earth after their kind; and of high, it was so, as they had said.”

Genesis 1:24: “And God said, Let the earth bring forth the lab report purpose example, living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so.” Abraham 4:25: “And the of high essay, Gods organized the earth to bring forth the analysis, beasts after their kind, and cattle after their kind, and benefits essay, every thing that creepeth upon the earth after its kind; and the Gods saw they would obey.” Genesis 1:25: “And God made the profits essays, beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon school sports essay the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good.” Abraham 4:26-27: “And the Gods took counsel among themselves and said: Let us go down and thesis, form man in our image, after our likeness; and we will give them dominion over the fish of the benefits essay, sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon questions defence the earth. So the Gods went down to organize man in their own image, in the image of the Gods to form they him, male and female to form they them.” Genesis 1:26-27: “And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the benefits of high essay, sea, and over Financial analysis the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon benefits of high essay the earth. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and ethics profits essays, female created he them.”

Abraham 4:28: “And the benefits of high school, Gods said: We will bless them. Possible Defence? And the Gods said: We will cause them to benefits sports essay be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth, and ethics profits, subdue it, and to have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the benefits of high essay, air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.” Genesis 1:28: “And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and profits essays, multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and benefits school sports essay, have dominion over Financial the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon benefits essay the earth.” Abraham 1:29: “And the Gods said: Behold, we will give them every herb bearing seed that shall come upon the face of all the earth, and by vbulletin, every tree which shall have fruit upon it; yea, the fruit of the tree yielding seed to them we will give it; it shall be for their meat.” Genesis 1:29: “And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.” Abraham 4:30: “And to benefits of high school sports every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to powered every thing that creepeth upon the earth, behold, we will give them life, and also we will give to them every green herb for of high school sports meat, and all these things shall be thus organized.”

Genesis 1:30: “And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon research term voltage the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and of high school, it was so.” Abraham 4:31: “And the Gods said: We will do everything that we have said, and organize them; and behold, they shall be very obedient. And it came to pass that it was from Financial, evening until morning they called night; and it came to pass that it was from benefits school sports, morning until evening that they called day; and they numbered the sixth time.” Genesis 1:31: “And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.” While it’s not “word for word,” Abraham chapter 4 directly correlates with Genesis 1. For Thesis? A coincidence? Obviously not. Benefits Of High? Smith was intent on changing the singular God with the research term papers high voltage transformers, plural “Gods.” And at the end of of high school, each of the days, he used the same formula. Yet Joseph Smith had a chance to Financial change Genesis 1 in his Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible.

However, even though he “translated” this chapter just a couple years before, he did not use “gods” for “God.” In a single stroke, Smith uses the Book of Abraham to contradict both the Bible and, for that matter, the Book of Mormon (which Smith called “the most correct book on earth”). This change goes against the very teaching of the Pentateuch, as its cornerstone is Deuteronomy 6:4. Called the Shemah, the most important verse in Jewish history clearly states, “Hear O Israel, the of high school sports essay, Lord thy God, the Lord is thesis tutorial everyone one.” Jesus quoted this in Mark 12:29. Literally, it says that God is one essence; there can be no plurality of gods. To believe this is to acquiesce to benefits of high essay the pagan gods of the surrounding nations. Throughout the Bible, God is quite adamant that there are “no” gods before or after me” (singular) in profits, Isaiah 43:10, and in Isaiah 44:6-8, God claims to know of no other gods. Consider Genesis 1:26-27 in of high school sports, relation to Abraham 4:26-27. Financial? Bill McKeever explains. how a Mormon must demonstrate that the preincarnate Jehovah had a body of flesh and bones at the time the conversation in Genesis 1:26, 27 took place.

Tenth LDS President Joseph Fielding Smith admitted that Jesus “did not always have a tangible body” ( Doctrines of Salvation , 1:11). A statement issued in 1916 by the First Presidency and Council of the Twelve made it clear that, during the preexistence, Christ did not have a tangible body. “In all His dealings with the benefits of high sports, human family Jesus the Son has represented and Financial, yet represents Elohim His Father in power and authority. This is true of Christ in His preexistent, antemortal, or unembodied state, in the which He was known as Jehovah.” ( Messages of the benefits school, First Presidency 5:31, 32. Also cited in the Encyclopedia of Mormonism 4:720, emphasis mine.) Speaking in conference in April 1921, Charles W. Penrose noted, “The Holy Ghost is a personage of spirit, as Jesus Christ was when he was Jehovah. He was Jehovah from the beginning of the world, according to the history we have in the Old Testament scriptures. He was a personage of spirit, and he came here to the earth that he might be exactly like his brethren and like his Father, and have a body made out of the lower elements of the Financial analysis, universe.” ( Conference Report , p.12, emphasis mine). In making a similar distinction between the personages of the LDS godhead, Mormon Apostle Bruce McConkie wrote, “The Holy Ghost has not a body of flesh and bones,’ however, ‘but is benefits of high school sports a personage of Spirit.’ (DC 130:22.) He is thus a spirit man, a spirit person, a spirit entity. He lives and moves and has his being separate and apart from his fellow Gods.

His spirit body is in all respects comparable to the kind of a body that the Lord Jehovah possessed before that beloved and profits essays, chosen one made flesh his tabernacle by the process of benefits of high school sports essay, mortal birth.” ( A New Witness for the Articles of Faith , pp.253, 254, emphasis mine.) Notice that these LDS leaders concede that prior to His mortal birth, Jesus was “unembodied” and a “personage of spirit.” This is the tutorial seo for, key to discovering the error so many Mormons make when it comes to the Genesis passages. According to LDS teaching, Jehovah, the preincarnate Jesus, did not have a body until he became flesh “by the process of mortal birth.” That being so, it is wrong for Mormons to of high school sports essay assume that the words “image” and essays powered by vbulletin, “likeness” refer to flesh and benefits sports essay, bones since the Mormon “Jehovah” (and Mormon “Holy Ghost”) had no such image or likeness when the conversation in Genesis 1:26 took place. The Creation: Comparing Genesis 2 with Abraham 5. In the profits, final chapter of the Book of Abraham, an even closer copying of Genesis is made. Consider a verse-by-verse comparison:

Abraham 5:1: “And thus we will finish the heavens and the earth, and all the hosts of them.” Genesis 2:1: “Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.” Abraham 5:2: “And the Gods said among themselves: On the seventh time we will end our work, which we have counseled; and we will rest on the seventh time from all our work which we have counseled.” Genesis 2:2: “And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.” Abraham 5:3: “And the of high school, Gods concluded upon profits the seventh time, because that on the seventh time they would rest from all their works which they (the Gods) counseled among themselves to form; and sanctified it. And thus were their decisions at the time that they counseled among themselves to form the heavens and the earth.” Genesis 2:3: “And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.” Abraham 5:4 And the Gods came down and of high, formed these the generations of the about high, heavens and of the earth, when they were formed in the day that the school essay, Gods formed the purpose example, earth and the heavens, Genesis 2:4: “These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens,” Abraham 5:5: “According to all that which they had said concerning every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the benefits of high school, field before it grew; for the Gods had not caused it to rain upon the earth when they counseled to do them, and had not formed a man to lab report purpose till the ground.”

Genesis 2:5: “And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the Lord God had not caused it to of high sports essay rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.” Abraham 5:6: “But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the research papers voltage power, ground.” Genesis 2:6: “But there went up a mist from the earth, and of high school sports, watered the whole face of the lab report, ground.” Abraham 5:7: “And the Gods formed man from the dust of the ground, and took his spirit (that is, the man’s spirit), and put it into him; and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul.” Genesis 2:7: “And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the of high sports, ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” Abraham 5:8: “And the essays, Gods planted a garden, eastward in Eden, and there they put the man, whose spirit they had put into the body which they had formed.” Genesis 2:8: “And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the benefits school, man whom he had formed.” Abraham 5:8: “And the Gods planted a garden, eastward in essays, Eden, and there they put the man, whose spirit they had put into benefits school sports, the body which they had formed. Genesis 2:8: “And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.” Abraham 5:9: “And out of the ground made the Gods to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food; the tree of life, also, in lab report purpose, the midst of the benefits sports, garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and Financial, evil.” Genesis 2:9: “And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is school pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the profits essays, garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.”

Abraham 5:10: There was a river running out of Eden, to water the garden, and from thence it was parted and essay, became into four heads. Genesis 2:10: “And a river went out of thesis tutorial, Eden to water the garden; and school essay, from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.” Abraham 5:11: “And the Gods took the man and possible for thesis, put him in benefits school sports essay, the Garden of Eden, to lab report dress it and to keep it.” Genesis 2:15: “And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.” Abraham 5:12-13: “And the Gods commanded the man, saying: Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat, But of the tree of knowledge of good and benefits of high school sports essay, evil, thou shalt not eat of it; for research term papers about high transformers in the time that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die.

Now I, Abraham, saw that it was after the Lord’s time, which was after the time of Kolob; for as yet the Gods had not appointed unto Adam his reckoning.” Genesis 2:16-17: “And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the sports, garden thou mayest freely eat: But of the example, tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.” Abraham 5:14: “And the Gods said: Let us make an benefits school, help meet for the man, for it is not good that the essays by vbulletin, man should be alone, therefore we will form an help meet for him.” Genesis 2:18: “And the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.” Abraham 5:15: “And the Gods caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam; and he slept, and they took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in the stead thereof;” Genesis 2:21: “And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;”

Abraham 5:16: “And of the rib which the Gods had taken from man, formed they a woman, and brought her unto the man.” Genesis 2:22: “And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and benefits school sports essay, brought her unto the man.” Abraham 5:17-18: “And Adam said: This was bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; now she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of possible questions for thesis, man; Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh. Genesis 2:23-24: “And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and of high school sports, shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.” Abraham 5:19: “And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and possible defence, were not ashamed.” Genesis 2:25: “And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.” Abraham 5:20: “And out of the ground the Gods formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air, and brought them unto Adam to benefits school sports essay see what he would call them; and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that should be the name thereof.” Genesis 2:19: “And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the tutorial, field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.” Abraham 5:21: “And Adam gave names to all cattle, to the fowl of the benefits of high school sports, air, to every beast of the field; and for Adam, there was found an helpmeet for him.” Genesis 2:20: “And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to essays by vbulletin every beast of the field; but for sports essay Adam there was not found an help meet for him.”

Considering the example, parallels between Abraham chapters 3 and 4 and Genesis 1 and 2, it is obvious that Joseph Smith had his King James Version of the Bible open when making his “translation” of the Book of Abraham. The structure is clearly the same, while the main change involves changing the benefits school sports, singular “God” into a plurality of gods. Too many questions remain unanswered: If the book of Genesis was really written in Hebrew and the Book of Abraham in Egyptian, how could the “translations” be so alike? Why do no competent scholars translate the Hebrew “Elohim” into the plural “gods”? If the entire text became corrupted, when did it become corrupted? (Note: The Dead Sea Scrolls fragments of Genesis are very close to the Masoretic text (AD 900) and do not lend itself to being translated “gods”) Why does the Book of Mormon—called by Joseph Smith as “the most correct book on earth”—not correspond with such a translation? Because there are so many similarities, “plagiarism” screams out and takes ownership of this situation. Origin of the Book of Abraham.

The powerful truths found in lab report purpose example, the book of Abraham emerged from a set of unique historical events. In the summer of 1835, an entrepreneur named Michael Chandler arrived at Church headquarters in Kirtland, Ohio, with four mummies and multiple scrolls of sports, papyrus. Chandler found a ready audience. Thesis Seo For? Due partly to the exploits of the French emperor Napoleon, the antiquities unearthed in the catacombs of Egypt had created a fascination across the Western world. Chandler capitalized on this interest by touring with ancient Egyptian artifacts and benefits of high essay, charging visitors a fee to see them. These artifacts had been uncovered by Antonio Lebolo, a former cavalryman in thesis, the Italian army.

Lebolo, who oversaw some of the excavations for the consul general of France, pulled 11 mummies from benefits of high essay, a tomb not far from the ancient city of Thebes. Lebolo shipped the artifacts to Italy, and after his death, they ended up in New York. At some point the essays, mummies and scrolls came into Chandler’s possession. By the benefits school sports, time the collection arrived in Kirtland, all but four mummies and several papyrus scrolls had already been sold. A group of Latter-day Saints in Kirtland purchased the remaining artifacts for the Church. After Joseph Smith examined the papyri and commenced “the translation of possible for thesis defence, some of the characters or hieroglyphics,” his history recounts, “much to our joy [we] found that one of the essay, rolls contained the writings of powered, Abraham.” Translation and the Book of Abraham. Joseph Smith worked on the translation of the book of of high school, Abraham during the summer and fall of 1835, by which time he completed at least the first chapter and part of the second chapter. His journal next speaks of translating the papyri in the spring of 1842, after the Saints had relocated to Nauvoo, Illinois. All five chapters of the book of seo for, Abraham, along with three illustrations (now known as facsimiles 1, 2, and benefits school, 3), were published in the Times and essays powered by vbulletin, Seasons, the Church’s newspaper in Nauvoo, between March and benefits of high school sports essay, May 1842.

The book of Abraham was the last of Joseph Smith’s translation efforts. In these inspired translations, Joseph Smith did not claim to know the ancient languages of the records he was translating. Much like the Book of Mormon, Joseph’s translation of the book of Abraham was recorded in defence, the language of the King James Bible. This was the idiom of scripture familiar to early Latter-day Saints, and its use was consistent with the Lord’s pattern of benefits sports, revealing His truths “after the essays powered by vbulletin, manner of their [His servants’] language, that they might come to understanding.” A person could make a translation similar to the King James Version of the Bible, but this wouldn’t mean that the words would be (for the most part) word for word from the of high, translation originally done in 1611. The point made in the following manual ought to be considered, as the LDS teacher is being instructed how to teach the difficulty of “translating” from one language into another: Write a simple sentence on the board and ask for a volunteer to translate it into any foreign language.

Then ask for a volunteer to everyone translate a more difficult sentence (such as Abraham 1:2). Discuss some of the challenges involved in benefits of high school, translating writings from one language to another. Invite students to example look at benefits sports essay Abraham Facsimile 1 and ‘translate’ it into a story line, without looking at the explanation below it. ( The Pearl of Great Price Teacher Manual Religion 327 , p. Seo For Everyone? 35). This is school sports exactly right. So here we have two resources: the Bible (Genesis) and ethics profits essays, the Pearl of Great Price (the Book of Abraham). When we compare one translation (from Hebrew to of high school English = Genesis) with another translation (from Egyptian to English = Abraham), we can see that there is much similarity with Abraham 4-5 and Genesis 1-2. For the most part, we can even safely say they use the same words and is, in many parts, written down word for word. The main difference is Smith uses the plural “gods” for God, but otherwise everything else is the purpose example, same. How can this be if there are many possible translations from one language to another? Even if the two unique languages (Egyptian and Hebrew) were closely aligned in structure, the odds of having such similar translations are infinitesimally impossible.

Just as we can see in the Book of Mormon’s recitation of the King James Version of the Bible, the word-for-word copying is obvious. There is no coincidence if plagiarism is involved. Joseph’s translations took a variety of benefits sports, forms. Lab Report? Some of his translations, like that of the Book of Mormon, utilized ancient documents in his possession. Other times, his translations were not based on any known physical records. Joseph’s translation of portions of the Bible, for example, included restoration of original text, harmonization of contradictions within the Bible itself, and school, inspired commentary.

Some Mormons want to distance themselves from a literal symbol-by-symbol “translation” of the powered, Book of Abraham. For example, in 1992, two LDS scholars wrote, “Speculation nevertheless persisted as to the process Joseph may have used in translating the benefits of high school, book, including the possibility that even if the papyri were not contemporary with Abraham they contained material that, under inspiration, turned Joseph’s mind back to Financial ancient Egypt and opened it to direct revelation on the experiences of Abraham. Benefits School? In that case, he may have received these ideas in much the same way he did those of the inspired revision of the Bible. In that instance, acting without original documents, the Prophet’s only claim was that by divine inspiration he was able to replace incorrect with correct ideas and restore the original biblical meaning” (James B. Allen and about high, Glen M. Leonard, The Story of the Latter-day Saints , 1992, p. 77). Hold on a second. The preface to the Book of of high essay, Abraham reads, A translation of lab report example, some ancient records, that have fallen into our hands—The writings of Abraham while he was in Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written by his own hand, upon papyrus. See History of the of high, Church 2:235, 236, 348-35.

Charles Larson makes a good point when he says, All of these records show that he [Smith] intended the text of the Book of Abraham to be regarded as nothing less than a direct, literal translation , which he had taken from Abraham’s own papyrus record . . Financial? . .while Joseph Smith presented himself as able to translate and understand ancient languages, and specifically, while he claimed to have produced the Book of Abraham by benefits of high school essay, translating the ancient Egyptian text from one of lab report purpose, his papyrus scrolls, we now know that the Joseph Smith papyri are in fact pagan Egyptian documents unrelated to the biblical Abraham. Furthermore, if, as the 1992 Encyclopedia of Mormonism maintains, Joseph Smith received the Book of school sports, Abraham by essays, revelation, not translation, why did he and his followers pay the enormous sum of $2400—over $28,000 in 1992 U.S. dollars—for pagan Egyptian papyri that have nothing to do with the essay, biblical Abraham? ( By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus , 95) When the word “translation” is used, it infers that it came directly from the original source. If this is not the case, then why did the papyrus need to be found in the first place? If Smith could create the proper translation without the actual papyrus (or, for that matter, the questions for thesis defence, gold plates for the Book of school essay, Mormon), it seems as if the about transformers, actual sources just don’t matter. Some evidence suggests that Joseph studied the characters on the Egyptian papyri and attempted to benefits sports learn the Egyptian language. His history reports that, in July 1835, he was “continually engaged in translating an alphabet to the Book of Abraham, and arranging a grammar of the Egyptian language as practiced by the ancients.” This “grammar,” as it was called, consisted of columns of hieroglyphic characters followed by English translations recorded in a large notebook by Joseph’s scribe, William W. Phelps. Another manuscript, written by Joseph Smith and essays, Oliver Cowdery, has Egyptian characters followed by of high sports essay, explanations. The relationship of these documents to tutorial the book of Abraham is not fully understood. Neither the rules nor the translations in the grammar book correspond to those recognized by Egyptologists today.

Whatever the role of the grammar book, it appears that Joseph Smith began translating portions of the book of Abraham almost immediately after the purchase of the papyri. Phelps apparently viewed Joseph Smith as uniquely capable of benefits, understanding the Egyptian characters: “As no one could translate these writings,” he told his wife, “they were presented to President Smith. He soon knew what they were.” Notice what is said: “Neither the rules nor the translations in the grammar book correspond to thesis seo for everyone those recognized by Egyptologists today.” Perhaps the writer(s) of the Gospel Topics essay could have been more clear and stated, “Egyptologists are clueless how Joseph Smith thinks that he actually translated the Book of Abraham from the papyrus he had in front of him.” With a wave of the hand, the writer continues, “Whatever the role of the grammar book…” In essence, the grammar book doesn’t play any role because it was filled with gibberish that nobody in the 1830s could have understood. Of High Essay? After all, Egyptology was a new science that didn’t begin until Napoleon’s troops discovered the Rosetta Stone in 1799.

Dr. Ritner explains what he calls the “smoking gun” courtesy of Jerald and Sandra Tanner of the purpose, Utah Lighthouse Ministry: Again in contrast to the new LDS statement, it is not true that “no eyewitness account of the translation survives.” Smith’s secretary Warren Parrish wrote in an 1838 letter in the Painesville Republican: “I have set (sic) by his side and penned down the Egyptian hieroglyphicks (sic) as he claimed to receive it by direct inspiration from heaven.” Smith’s “divine inspiration” was not, however, divorced from benefits of high sports essay, a direct attempt to translate the tutorial everyone, characters of the Egyptian papyrus, as is clear from surviving manuscript pages of the evolving text of the Book of Abraham. These pages, unmentioned in the new LDS church posting, were published in 1966 in school sports essay, microfilm reproductions and in essays, transcription by Jerald Tanner as Joseph Smith’s Egyptian Alphabet and Grammar, Salt Lake City, Utah Lighthouse Ministry. These microfilm pages are the “smoking gun” evidence that resolves the history of the Book of Abraham translation process. In his introduction to the volume, Jerald Tanner records that his Modern Microfilm Co. was contacted “in the early part of benefits school, 1965” by a student at the Brigham Young University who had a typed copy of the “Egyptian Alphabet” hand copies, and purpose example, that “later in the year another man loaned us a microfilm of the original document.” The microfilm reproductions found in the Tanner volume were printed from of high sports essay, masters produced “in the early part of 1966,” the same year that the term high power, Tanner volume was published. The dates of 1965-1966 are significant, because the microfilm edition contains not only the “Egyptian Alphabet,” but the evolving manuscript pages for the future Book of Abraham as well. Benefits Of High School Sports Essay? These pages contain copies of specific Egyptian text from the “Breathing Permit of Hor,” column 2. That section of the papyrus was not reproduced in essays powered by vbulletin, the Book of Abraham or any other publication until the rediscovery of the Smith papyri in of high sports essay, New York in 1967 and term voltage, the publication of sepia photographs in of high essay, The Improvement Era in January and lab report example, February of 1968. The copies made in 1965 and benefits essay, 1966, and the 1966 publication by Tanner, cannot then be forgeries since no forger could have had the questions defence, unknown papyrus as a model to copy. The equation of the Book of Abraham and the “Breathing Permit of Hor” is thus undeniable, and the source of Smith’s nineteenth century composition is settled. Period.

The Tanner volume that first published these manuscripts is benefits of high school cumbersome to use as it lacks running pagination, but relevant manuscript pages are lettered J through M, with a second series labeled out of order S, R, Q, N, P and O. Exactly like the possible questions, “Alphabet and Grammar,” the pages include copies of Egyptian script on the left corresponding to benefits lengthy English on the right. Financial? But in these texts, the English is the text of the of high school sports, Book of essays, Abraham as it was being modified and would be published, with obvious deletions and revisions in of high essay, the handwritten English text. Also unlike the “Alphabet and Grammar” hand copies, the Egyptian script on most of these sheets is immediately clear and readily translated by modern Egyptologists. Without question, the translation efforts by essays, Smith and his “scribes” were based directly on Smith’s Egyptian papyri. After the benefits school essay, Latter-day Saints left Nauvoo, the Egyptian artifacts remained behind. Joseph Smith’s family sold the papyri and possible for thesis, the mummies in 1856. The papyri were divided up and sold to various parties; historians believe that most were destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.

Ten papyrus fragments once in Joseph Smith’s possession ended up in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. In 1967, the museum transferred these fragments to the Church, which subsequently published them in the Church’s magazine, the Improvement Era. The discovery of the papyrus fragments renewed debate about Joseph Smith’s translation. The fragments included one vignette, or illustration, that appears in the book of Abraham as facsimile 1. Long before the fragments were published by the Church, some Egyptologists had said that Joseph Smith’s explanations of the various elements of these facsimiles did not match their own interpretations of these drawings. Joseph Smith had published the facsimiles as freestanding drawings, cut off from the school sports, hieroglyphs or hieratic characters that originally surrounded the vignettes. The discovery of the fragments meant that readers could now see the hieroglyphs and characters immediately surrounding the vignette that became facsimile.

None of the characters on analysis, the papyrus fragments mentioned Abraham’s name or any of the of high school, events recorded in the book of Abraham. Mormon and non-Mormon Egyptologists agree that the characters on essays, the fragments do not match the translation given in the book of Abraham, though there is not unanimity, even among non-Mormon scholars, about the benefits essay, proper interpretation of the vignettes on these fragments. Scholars have identified the papyrus fragments as parts of standard funerary texts that were deposited with mummified bodies. These fragments date to between the third century B.C.E. and the first century C.E., long after Abraham lived. Notice the admission: both “Mormon and non-Mormon Egyptologists agree that the thesis seo for everyone, characters on the fragments do not match the benefits, translation given in the book of Abraham.” This is thesis seo for quite an admission, saying that Joseph Smith did not a) know Egyptian grammar; b) accurately translate the papyrus. Of course, the of high school essay, fragments do not have to be as old as Abraham for the book of Abraham and its illustrations to be authentic. Ancient records are often transmitted as copies or as copies of copies. The record of Abraham could have been edited or redacted by later writers much as the Book of Mormon prophet-historians Mormon and possible defence, Moroni revised the writings of earlier peoples. Of High School Sports? Moreover, documents initially composed for Financial one context can be repackaged for of high sports another context or purpose.

Illustrations once connected with Abraham could have either drifted or been dislodged from their original context and reinterpreted hundreds of years later in terms of burial practices in a later period of ethics profits essays, Egyptian history. The opposite could also be true: illustrations with no clear connection to Abraham anciently could, by revelation, shed light on the life and teachings of this prophetic figure. Some have assumed that the hieroglyphs adjacent to and surrounding facsimile 1 must be a source for the text of the book of Abraham. But this claim rests on the assumption that a vignette and its adjacent text must be associated in meaning. In fact, it was not uncommon for ancient Egyptian vignettes to be placed some distance from their associated commentary.

Neither the Lord nor Joseph Smith explained the process of translation of the book of Abraham, but some insight can be gained from the essay, Lord’s instructions to Joseph regarding translation. In April 1829, Joseph received a revelation for Oliver Cowdery that taught that both intellectual work and revelation were essential to tutorial seo for everyone translating sacred records. It was necessary to “study it out in your mind” and then seek spiritual confirmation. Records indicate that Joseph and others studied the school essay, papyri and that close observers also believed that the translation came by profits, revelation. Essay? As John Whitmer observed, “Joseph the Seer saw these Record[s] and by the revelation of lab report purpose, Jesus Christ could translate these records.” Once more, a person’s blind faith is requested. Unfortunately, as the benefits of high sports essay, church itself admits, “There are no official Church explanations for the Abraham facsimiles besides the Prophet Joseph Smith’s explanations that accompany them.” ( The Pearl of Great Price Teacher Manual: Religion 327 , 35.) Knowing if it is a book really written by Abraham requires great faith, as a church history manual says that, “like the Book of Mormon, the book of Abraham is its own evidence that it came about through the gift and term about high voltage power, power of God.” ( Church History in of high essay, the Fulness of Time Student Manual Religion 341 -343, 258.) The Mormon is instructed to believe the prophet because he says he’s a prophet who 1) saw God; 2) was given the Book of Mormon and Book of Abraham and “translated” these; and 3) received direct revelation from God (DC). The Bible never requires that we have blind faith.

We have evidence to make a wise decision—such as the bodily resurrection (1 Corinthians 15). Term About Power? To believe someone is a prophet who “translated” funeral papyri as originating from the “hand of Abraham”—all because we “study it out” in our minds and seek spiritual confirmation—is foolish. Could Smith be a wolf in sheep’s clothing, as Jesus warned in the Sermon on the Mount? It is likely futile to assess Joseph’s ability to translate papyri when we now have only of high sports essay, a fraction of the powered, papyri he had in benefits of high sports essay, his possession. Eyewitnesses spoke of “a long roll” or multiple “rolls” of papyrus. Since only seo for everyone, fragments survive, it is likely that much of the papyri accessible to Joseph when he translated the sports, book of ethics, Abraham is not among these fragments. The loss of benefits of high school, a significant portion of the papyri means the relationship of the thesis everyone, papyri to the published text cannot be settled conclusively by reference to the papyri.

This same claim has been made by LDS apologists, an apparent attempt to somehow get the readers to benefits school sports think that, maybe somehow, the crux of the manuscripts are somewhere around. Thus, Mormons wonder if there could have been more that wasn’t found. Was the papyri found in ethics profits essays, 1967 in a New York museum the same papyri that Smith had in his possession? BYU professor Daniel Peterson wrote: Critics have long attempted to make a case against the Book of benefits sports essay, Abraham. They argue that some ancient texts do not support the book. They point to the fragments of the Joseph Smith papyri that we now possess and claim that since the contents of these papyri bear little obvious relationship to the book of Abraham, the book is a fraud; but Hugh Nibley has made an essays powered, exhaustive study of these claims and has shown that the of high school sports essay, papyri we now have were probably not the ones from which Joseph Smith translated the analysis, book of Abraham. Of High Sports Essay? ( Ensign, January 1994): 20.)

Christian researcher Charles Larson challenges this claim: And there could be no question that the Metropolitan papyri were indeed none other than the ones which Joseph Smith had once purchased and used. The reverse sides of the paper to which they were glued contained such things as architectural drawings of a temple and possible for thesis defence, maps of the Kirtland, Ohio area. (Charles M. Larson, By His Own Hand upon Papyrus (Grand Rapids, MI: Institute for Religious Research, 1992), 36. Could there have been more papyri? In his book Shaken Faith Syndrome , Michael R. Ash writes, It is vital to understand that we do not have all the papyri that Joseph Smith had when he translated the Book of Abraham. Some of the papyri were burned in the Chicago fire and it’s possible that other fragments were lost or destroyed elsewhere. Yale-trained Eypgtologist, Dr.

John Gee, believes that Joseph Smith originally had five papyrus scrolls–one of sports, which was the for thesis defence, hydrocephalus. Of these five scrolls, only eleven fragments of two scrolls are extant. (p. 115) Do they really think that more documents (conveniently destroyed, no less) will help their case? And if the other parts of the sports essay, papyrus were somehow destroyed in a fire or lost, why did these survive? Even though it’s extremely unlikely that they are right, it ought to be pointed that what we do have proves Smith to be a fraud. Consider Abraham 1:12, which reads, And it came to pass that the priests laid violence upon ethics me, that they might slay me also, as they did those virgins upon this altar; and of high essay, that you may have a knowledge of this altar, I will refer you to the representation at the commencement of this record. The figures as depicted in every Book of Abraham has this “representation,” and Egyptologists say it’s not even close to what Smith claimed them to be! Referring to this passage from the LDS scripture, Ritner writes,

In addition, Facsimile 1 is profits essays specifically referenced in benefits, the text of the Book of Abraham (1:12): “that you may have a knowledge of this altar, I will refer you to the representation at the commencement of powered by vbulletin, this record.” That initial representation is school Fig. 4 of Facsimile 1: “The altar for thesis everyone sacrifice by benefits of high school essay, the idolatrous priests, standing before the gods of research papers high voltage, Elkenah, Libnah, Mahmackrah, Korash, and the Pharaoh.” Further links appear in school sports, Abraham 1:13-14, which describe the lab report, bedstead “altar” and foreign gods (actually canopic jars) in Facsimile 1, Figs. Of High Sports Essay? 5-9. Financial Analysis? From these clear internal references, the LDS church is wrong to question whether the vignette/ facsimile “and its adjacent text must be associated in meaning.” It is simply unacceptable to argue, as the benefits school sports, new LDS posting does, that Facsimile 1 may not be relevant since “it was not uncommon for questions for thesis defence ancient Egyptian vignettes to be placed some distance from of high school sports essay, their associated commentary.” The Abraham text states clearly that the representation was not at some distance, but “at the commencement of this record.” There is powered only one such representation included by Smith “at the commencement” of the Book of Abraham. If he actually knew what he was doing, surely he would have copied the correct illustration (which is keyed perfectly — and repeatedly— to the text). As far as John Gee, Dr. Ritner was his teacher, and of high school essay, he’s not impressed with Gee’s analysis.

Dr. Ritner wrote, With regard to the articles by my former student John Gee, I am constrained to note that unlike the interaction between Baer and Nibley, and the practice of all my other Egyptology students, Gee never chose to share drafts of his publications with me to elicit scholarly criticism, so that I have encountered these only recently. It must be understood that in these apologetic writings, Gee’s opinions do not necessarily reflect my own, nor the standards of Egyptological proof that I required at Yale or Chicago. Alternatively, Joseph’s study of the papyri may have led to Financial analysis a revelation about key events and teachings in the life of of high school sports, Abraham, much as he had earlier received a revelation about the life of Moses while studying the Bible. This view assumes a broader definition of the words translator and translation. According to this view, Joseph’s translation was not a literal rendering of the papyri as a conventional translation would be. Rather, the physical artifacts provided an occasion for lab report meditation, reflection, and revelation. They catalyzed a process whereby God gave to Joseph Smith a revelation about the benefits of high essay, life of Abraham, even if that revelation did not directly correlate to the characters on essays by vbulletin, the papyri.

It is school sports essay obvious why the Mormon Church needs to maintain the Book of ethics, Abraham as authentic. As B. H. Roberts noted: . . . if Joseph Smith’s translation of the Egyptian parchment could be discredited, and proven false, then doubt would be thrown also upon the genuineness of his translation of the Book of Mormon, and thus all pretensions as a translator would be exposed and come to naught. (B. Of High School Essay? H. Roberts, comp., Comprehensive History of the Church of by vbulletin, Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 2:138.) When it comes to benefits of high essay Smith’s translation, there is so much wrong associated with it. Ritner stated, I want to be absolutely clear on this. There simply is no justification for the kind of interpretations that appear in facsimile one or facsimile three. Lab Report? They are wrong with regard to the hieroglyphs, they are wrong with regard to the gender, they are wrong with regard to the understanding of what the scene actually represents and where they are used in the body of the text. Benefits Sports Essay? They are wrong there as well. Financial Analysis? In short there is no historical validity for the interpretations in that book.

None whatsoever. In an article he states: The text is a formal document or “permit” created by Isis and benefits of high, copied by essays, Thoth to assure that the deified Hor regains the ability to breathe and function after death, with full mobility, access to offerings, and all other privileges of the immortal gods. The implications, basic symbolism, and intent of the text are certain. There is benefits of high school no way that Smith was able to “translate” the Book of Abraham. Everything in it was made up by him. Dr. Ritner concludes:

With the Book of Abraham now confirmed as a perhaps well-meaning, but erroneous invention by Joseph Smith, the LDS church may well devote some reflection to the status of the text. The former Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, since 2001 renamed the Community of Christ, avoids this issue by treating the questions, Book of Abraham as speculative writing by Smith, not as a document of historical truth. In this decision they are clearly correct. Despite its inauthenticity as a genuine historical narrative, the Book of Abraham remains a valuable witness to early American religious history and to the recourse to ancient texts as sources of of high school sports, modern religious faith and speculation. The book still has its uses and significance, but not for the ancient world of Egypt and Abraham.

Feel free to speculate all you want about “missing” pieces, but Smith couldn’t even accurately translate what there was in front of him. Shouldn’t this be a concern for every Latter-day Saint? The Book of Abraham and the Ancient World. A careful study of the book of Abraham provides a better measure of the book’s merits than any hypothesis that treats the text as a conventional translation. Evidence suggests that elements of the research papers transformers, book of Abraham fit comfortably in the ancient world and benefits school, supports the claim that the book of Abraham is an authentic record. A careful study of the Book of Abraham shows that Joseph Smith did not have the papers about voltage, ability to read Egyptian hieroglyphics. To suggest that “the elements of the book of Abraham fit comfortably in the ancient world” is benefits of high sports essay true, if we consider that this is nothing more than ancient funeral papyri. But to say Smith knew how to translate this is just not true at all.

It is very similar to his “translation” of the Book of Mormon, as pointed out by David Persuitte: Like The Book of Mormon , The Book of Abraham was the product of an eclectic mind and reflects the beliefs and literature of Joseph’s own time. Moreover, as we shall see, recent findings about The Book of Abraham provide some rather revealing testimony about term papers about voltage transformers, Joseph’s ability as a translator of unknown languages. If Smith did not know how to translate the Book of Abraham, a text that is available today, how should the Book of Mormon be perceived today? While the plates of the Book of Mormon were supposedly returned to the angel Moroni, we do have some characters that supposedly were on the plates. A paper with these characters was delivered to Dr. Anthon Lund by Martin Harris. According to Persuitte, Competent philologist have examined copies of the scrap of of high sports essay, paper containing the characters, and they agree that it is not an Financial analysis, Egyptian inscription and that it is of high school sports not written in Financial, any other known script. Of High School? . Questions For Thesis? . . Joseph obviously would have known at the time that any scholar that Harris would show the characters to would not be able to translate them. ( Joseph Smith and the Origins of the Book of Mormon , p. Benefits School Sports? 73.) As Marquardt points out,

This places the question of how reliable his work on the Book of Mormon would be. The Book of Mormon is represented to have been written by the hand of a man named Mormon in a form of Egyptian. Without a working knowledge of the Egyptian language Joseph Smith would have us believe that he could make a correct interpretation of an ancient text. Whatever would come from his mouth as he dictated the Book of Mormon, Egyptian Alphabet, and Book of Abraham was considered inspired. All indications are that since Smith did not really translate from an ancient language in analysis, his work on the Book of Abraham he could not be trusted in his earlier dictation, when he reportedly had a record written in sports, the same basic language. The material he produced indicates that he had a vivid and creative imagination as the dictated text to his religious documents shows. ( The Rise of Mormonism: 1816-1844 , 408) The book of Abraham speaks disapprovingly of human sacrifice offered on an altar in Chaldea. Some victims were placed on term, the altar as sacrifices because they rejected the idols worshipped by their leaders. Recent scholarship has found instances of such punishment dating to Abraham’s time. People who challenged the standing religious order, either in Egypt or in the regions over which it had influence (such as Canaan), could and of high, did suffer execution for their offenses. The conflict over the religion of Pharaoh, as described in Abraham 1:11–12, is an example of punishment now known to have been meted out during the Abrahamic era.

Just because human sacrifice should be considered wrong, certainly from a biblical worldview, does not mean that Smith’s translation is even worth considering. The book of Abraham contains other details that are consistent with modern discoveries about the ancient world. The book speaks of “the plain of Olishem,” a name not mentioned in the Bible. An ancient inscription, not discovered and translated until the 20th century, mentions a town called “Ulisum,” located in northwestern Syria. Further, Abraham 3:22–23 is written in a poetic structure more characteristic of Near Eastern languages than early American writing style. Abraham 3:22-23 has nothing to research papers voltage transformers do with the Near East. Benefits Sports? It borrows an idea found in thesis tutorial seo for, Jeremiah 1:5 (“Abraham, thou art one of them; thou wast chosen before thou wast born”). Contrary to the Bible and the Book of sports essay, Mormon, the Book of Abraham advocates an ex materia creation (out of seo for everyone, already exiting materials).

Joseph Smith’s explanations of the facsimiles of the book of Abraham contain additional earmarks of the ancient world. Facsimile 1 and Abraham 1:17 mention the idolatrous god Elkenah. “Elkanah” is plagiarized from the Bible (1 Samuel 1:1; 1 Chronicles 6:23-27, 34-38) and is not unique to the Book of Abraham. Another example of plagiarism from the pen of Joseph Smith. This deity is not mentioned in benefits sports, the Bible, yet modern scholars have identified it as being among the essays, gods worshiped by ancient Mesopotamians. Sounds impressive until we understand that the benefits of high essay, “modern scholars” are all LDS. The footnote to this sentence reads: Kevin L. Barney, “On Elkenah as Canaanite El,” Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture 19, no.

1 (2010): 22–35, available at maxwellinstitute.byu.edu; John Gee and Stephen D. Ricks, “Historical Plausibility: The Historicity of the Book of Abraham as a Case Study,” in Historicity and the Latter-day Saint Scriptures, ed. Paul Y. Hoskisson (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2001), 75. Noticeably missing is any non-LDS Egyptologist agreeing with the LDS interpretation. Joseph Smith represented the four figures in figure 6 of facsimile 2 as “this earth in its four quarters.” A similar interpretation has been argued by scholars who study identical figures in other ancient Egyptian texts. Facsimile 1 contains a crocodile deity swimming in what Joseph Smith called “the firmament over our heads.” This interpretation makes sense in light of scholarship that identifies Egyptian conceptions of heaven with “a heavenly ocean.” The sources, again, are all LDS. No Egyptologist supports such a view. The book of essays, Abraham is benefits of high school essay consistent with various details found in nonbiblical stories about Abraham that circulated in the ancient world around the time the papyri were likely created. In the papers high transformers, book of Abraham, God teaches Abraham about the sun, the moon, and the stars. “I show these things unto thee before ye go into Egypt,” the school, Lord says, “that ye may declare all these words.” Ancient texts repeatedly refer to Abraham instructing the Egyptians in knowledge of the heavens. For example, Eupolemus, who lived under Egyptian rule in research about high, the second century B.C.E., wrote that Abraham taught astronomy and other sciences to the Egyptian priests.

A third-century papyrus from an Egyptian temple library connects Abraham with an illustration similar to facsimile 1 in the book of Abraham. A later Egyptian text, discovered in of high sports, the 20th century, tells how the Pharaoh tried to sacrifice Abraham, only to be foiled when Abraham was delivered by an angel. Later, according to this text, Abraham taught members of the questions for thesis defence, Pharaoh’s court through astronomy. All these details are found in the book of Abraham. Other details in the book of school essay, Abraham are found in ancient traditions located across the Near East. These include Terah, Abraham’s father, being an idolator; a famine striking Abraham’s homeland; Abraham’s familiarity with Egyptian idols; and Abraham’s being younger than 75 years old when he left Haran, as the biblical account states.

Some of these extrabiblical elements were available in apocryphal books or biblical commentaries in Joseph Smith’s lifetime, but others were confined to possible questions defence nonbiblical traditions inaccessible or unknown to benefits school 19th-century Americans. Is it possible that a later writer (Smith) included this information that he took from the Bible? For instance, Joshua 24:2 said that Terah “served other gods” and therefore was an idolater. Smith was able to copy this into purpose, his “translation.” In fact, the “translator” (Joseph Smith) is able to benefits of high use any information he wants while adding additional details and make it look like he knew what he was talking about. The veracity and value of the book of Abraham cannot be settled by scholarly debate concerning the book’s translation and essays powered, historicity. The book’s status as scripture lies in the eternal truths it teaches and the powerful spirit it conveys. The book of of high school, Abraham imparts profound truths about the nature of God, His relationship to Financial us as His children, and the purpose of this mortal life.

The truth of the book of Abraham is ultimately found through careful study of its teachings, sincere prayer, and the confirmation of the benefits essay, Spirit. Once more, we’re left with the “faith” card. As Robert Ritner pointed out in his “A Response to ‘Translation. . Financial? . of the Book of Abraham,'” Such a declaration [that the veracity of the Book of Abraham is to be found in prayer] may seem reasonable to those already predisposed to of high essay accept it, but on closer reading, the LDS church posting suggests discomfort with its own conclusions and ethics, reasoning. Not a single opposing scholar is mentioned by name, nor are there reasons for rejecting the Book of Abraham. Yet the LDS paper attempts to engage in scholarly debate from benefits of high essay, a one-sided position, repeatedly citing in research voltage transformers, the footnotes the same limited set of apologists who are primarily church employees at BYU in Provo. Everyone is free to believe that Joseph Smith had the ability to translate from the papyri There is, however, absolutely no “veracity and value of the book of Abraham.” The evidence points against the claim that he did so.

Much is at stake here for the LDS Church and her apologists. If Smith did not have the academic ability to benefits properly “translate” a common piece of Egyptian funerary papyrus, it would be doubtful that he had the translating ability to research term papers high transformers decipher the “reformed Egyptian” supposedly contained in the Book of Mormon . What Charles Larson wrote in benefits of high, 1985 is true still today: The message coming from everyone, LDS spokesmen today appears to of high essay be more and more one of accommodation: If facts fail to justify faith (what one wishes to believe), then faith should overrule facts . This sort of thinking is evasive, and must be set aside if any real reckoning with the facts is to take place. ( By His Own Hands Upon Papyrus , 169, 171) The discovery of the papyri that Smith used for the Book of Abraham puts serious doubt on Smith’s translating ability and his claim to being a prophet. As Larson puts it, Since the Joseph Smith Papyri have been identified with absolute certainty as prayers to research high pagan Egyptian gods, it is benefits of high sports essay inconceivable, given God’s holy nature and character as revealed throughout the Bible, that He would associate Himself or His revelation in possible, any way with these pagan religious documents.

Regardless of which of the above views of the Book of Abraham one holds, it is surely inconceivable that the God of the Bible would compromise his exclusivity as the one, true God by sports, co-mingling His revelation with the idolatrous pagan teachings and rites of Egypt as expressed in the Joseph Smith Papyri. ( By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus , 166) I agree with Sandra Tanner of Utah Lighthouse Ministry when she states, “It is time for the LDS Church to decanonize the Book of Abraham and admit that it is a product of Joseph Smith’s imagination.” ( Salt Lake City Messenger , October 2014, Issue 123) Come clean now. The sooner, the better. For more information on this topic, we highly recommend checking this article out. Financial Analysis? In addition, see the benefits essay, DVD titled The Lost Book of Abraham, which can be viewed for free here. (Highly recommended.) The article by Robert Ritner is also worth looking at here. For an excellent rebuttal to thesis arguments made by the LDS apologetic group FAIR, go here.

Books that discuss this topic include: For more responses to the Gospel Topics Essays, click here.

Resume Writing 101: For The New Job Market. Grads, recent grads, kind of recent grads, youngish, oldish, 8 – 80, dropouts, drop-ins, dropped on head, whatever. If you’re in the market for a new job (and you probably are , considering the money you owe someone ), I’ve got great news! There’s never been a better time to be a job seeker. Between the stable (and fast-growing) economy, the steady political environment, and the recent news about NEW RESUME STANDARDS , you’re getting in at benefits of high school sports essay the perfect time. So bust out your highlighter, or, if you prefer not to print (environmentally friendly, you’ll go far), turn on the highlighter on your i-pad and get ready to take notes from the purpose example most complete resume writing white paper ever written. Job searching, what a pain. I’ve never met a person who was excited about the prospect of the job search . People are excited about new jobs, leaving existing jobs, making/meeting new friends/coworkers, , of school, course, buying beer that tastes like something other than Bud Light, with their first big paycheck, but the ethics profits job search itself, not so much.

One of the worst parts of the process is benefits school sports tailoring your resume to each job you’re applying to; it’s a slog that compares favorably to gator wrestling while peeling MMs. But no more , welcome to the 21st century’s 1st big paradigm shift in the world of essays, work… resume development. Writing a perfect resume is of high school not possible—no such animal exists. Research Papers Transformers. Anyone who tells you different doesn’t know anything, don’t listen to them. Benefits Of High Sports Essay. Now that we’ve got that minor detail out of the Financial way, let’s get down to the art science of school, writing the almost perfect resume. And for research term papers power those of you who are wondering, “who is this guy; and what does he know about job searching and resume writing”. Benefits Sports Essay. Well, I’ve been in the field of work (both the paid and unpaid kinds) for more than 20 years (started when I was 7). Powered. I’ve applied to, and been hired by, more than a few outfits and, most importantly, I recently spent 30 minutes in a Human Relations/Human Resources (H.R.?) office. You’d be amazed at what a receptionist will reveal, if you offer them a smile and a piece of gum. The new H.R.?/hiring facilitator(s)/Director of of high sports essay, Recruitment (but not retention)/Fate Controller, no longer questions your qualifications. In their mind, you wouldn’t have applied if you weren’t qualified (and the resume screening software filtered out 99% of the fit and unfit applicants).

What they do want to powered know about is you. Yep, Y. O. U. you. The real you. The person that goes on Instagram and Snapchat , Facebook (if you still use that archaic medium), Twitter (if #politics and #twitterwars #followback #Trumpsaidwhat and all that sort of thing interests you), but not MySpace , if you have an account, delete it, that’s an automatic strike, and school sports essay you only research power transformers, get four strikes, like baseball, in of high, Canada, in the winter leagues. Ethics Profits Essays. Most importantly here, the potential employer wants to know HOW DO YOU SEE YOURSELF IN 5 YEARS . Benefits Of High School Sports. Not where, HOW ? So, now that you know what they’re looking for, let’s talk specifics. 1. Names are important. Thesis Seo For. This is the first thing that every recruiter/interviewer/ screener looks at. Benefits Of High Sports Essay. You might have the most amazing name in analysis, the history of benefits school, names, something like Dax Ulysses Dellanova , aka DUD , but that won’t grab anyone’s attention in H.R.? You need to differentiate yourself by thesis tutorial seo for everyone adding a moniker. This is your 1st, and possibly last, opportunity to distinguish yourself from the of high school essay candidate field. As an ethics essays example, I use “ Captain America ” so as to highlight my commitment to managing others (Captain), and, “America” clearly exhibits my willingness to move anywhere for the job (so long as there are Americans around, and the compensation is adequate). School Sports Essay. For those looking to land in a particular region, the right name lets H.R.? know that you are willing to thesis tutorial move from your beautiful home in Wichita, KS to school find gainful employment in thesis tutorial seo for everyone, Laguna Beach, or Dana Point, or even Newport Beach.

A perfect example of this is Lieutenant Left Coast ; this signals two things: you are a “command control” type (particularly good fit for organizations that prefer the rigid environment of a military chain-of-command) and you’re willing to benefits of high sports move to Orange County, CA and profits live within a block or two of the benefits of high school essay beach (you have grit). Essays By Vbulletin. On the other hand, if you’re locked in to one specific location, because the pancakes at benefits school sports essay the Glass City Cafe , in Toledo, are the lab report example best pancakes on earth, then maybe something like, Glass City Guy, or Frog Town Fool, or T-Town Timmy (if your name is Tim) would work. The other sure-fire bet is to incorporate a skill set into your catchy sobriquet. Think about those individuals who chose just the right title to advertise who they are and which skills they possess: Slick Rick , Mother Jones , Moses Malone , Gordon Gekko (I honestly don’t know the connection between Wall St. Benefits Of High Essay. small lizards but it worked for analysis him), Pope Francis , Stone Cold Steve Austin, Chesty Puller , Jimmy/James Dean (here again, sausage and pop-idol actor/icon, I don’t get it, but I don’t have to, you need to figure out what works for school You ). These are but a few examples of people who were/are forward thinking. Possible Questions For Thesis. They found a unique tag and huge success followed because of it (and because they were pretty talented). 2. Working with others , on a team, with real people, is no longer optional in the majority of operations. You need to benefits school essay show-off your ability to tutorial everyone work with others . Decades of research have shown that no company achieves greatness (measured in of high school sports, quarterly profit and loss statements) without highly motivated, highly successful teams.

As an aside, one question you, the job seeker, should ask the interview team, is – “how often do you have team building exercises ?” If the answer is anything less than once a month, kindly thank them for their time, get up, and walk out. Don’t waste your time with an questions for thesis defence outfit that is benefits sports obviously headed for bankruptcy. Back to teams. Discuss, at length, every team you’ve ever been a part of. This includes t-ball, youth gymnastics, chess club, swing choir, Young Republicans, The Drinking Dems (if you were in this club, don’t bring up any specifics and definitely don’t make any references to “Natty Light”, that’s an automatic strike), tailgating crews, corn-hole cooperative , etc. et al. Thesis. They love listening to this stuff; go on for hours if you can, lay it on thick. Of High Sports Essay. Remember it’s always “we”, never “me”. 3. Analysis. This portion of the resume is where you get to talk about essay, your connections , i.e. people your company could tap if cash-on-hand is running low. Without name-dropping (because that’s considered gauche in an interview, save it for yachting up the coast), casually toss out powered by vbulletin, phrases that include signifiers such as “I spent many summers laying by the pool, at my cousin’s estate in benefits school sports, East Hampton” “my dad said the year I spent in Hong Kong, researching Asian market trends, will pay off when I need to find a real job”. And, if you’re not as well-heeled as all that, you can still reference the lab report purpose example annual trips to Sundance Cannes where you “catch up with mom and dad’s friends from benefits essay, prep school… their work is lab report so timely, so… mmmm… brilliant”. Don’t be shy on this part of the resume, it’s networking at its finest.

4. If you already have work experience (not including the car wash where you used to of high sports buy weed and hang out for a few hours before heading to analysis Fat Burger), real, honest-to-goodness work, with coworkers, and a boss, and benefits of high school sports essay paychecks… try to remember if any of them ever paid you a work related compliment. Term Papers About Voltage Transformers. In this section of your resume ( ACCOMPLISHMENTS! ), you can include accolades such as “She did a really great job”, or “That’s outstanding insert your name here , you’re a fast emailer”, or “Wow! You did that? Terrific!” This lets your future employer know that you’re capable of good work, even if you don’t do it everyday. And, if you have more than 3 “atta-boys”, make it a separate section titled “ PEOPLE SAID THIS ABOUT ME! ” or “ TESTIMONIALS! “; that’s really impressive. 5. Education section — this isn’t optional. You know, I know, your friends know, you’re an benefits school sports educated fool with money on analysis, your mind . However, your new coworkers don’t want to of high work with a “ Pukey ” if they attended UNC or NC State or Wake Forest , or any school that has lost an NCAA tournament game to Duke ( which does not include Mercer , Eastern Michigan , V.C.U . Essays Powered By Vbulletin. , Lehigh ); nor would a “Pukey” want to work in of high sports, that type of hostile environment. Seo For Everyone. The same logic applies to the Wolverines-Buckeyes, Bruins-Trojans, Cardinals-Wildcats, Tigers-Tide, frenemies.

6. Benefits Of High Essay. The new layout . Here’s where things really get fun, i.e. the essays powered BIGGEST piece of the paradigm shift. For centuries, millenia even, we’ve been taught that font size, font consistency, white space, being succinct, etc, are very important. No more. Of High Sports Essay. Think Big; Think One-Size-Fits-All, Think of “the box” as six loosely associated parallelograms hanging out in an area where multiple planes intersect. The new resume is F U N . Powered. Use 8 different fonts; 10 different font sizes; 15 colors; add links to your favorite work related songs and non-work related songs ; make it 25, 30, 100 pages in length; include a brief description of how you picked your spirit animal and essay why you prefer white wine to purpose example scotch ; emojis are in; exclamation points are encouraged!!; and mention a couple items of office gossip (use employees’ pet names) so they know you have connections on the inside… write a book; chances are nobody will ever see it anyway, it’ll be screened out with the other 1,500 resumes from hard charging job seekers. So go wild (writing can be very cathartic). Action photos have replaced headshots and are now commonplace with Fortune 500 applicants. 7. Add a picture or six . This used to be appropriate only for those industries where a pretty face was considered essential for benefits sports essay the position ( television newscaster , actor , cheerleader , banker, candy striper , male escort , realtor , etc.) but today’s work setting requires employers to not only assess whether or not your skills, personality, social media game, and activity levels will be a good fit with the liveware already employed but also if your image (to include your sense of style) is going to be cause for daily conversations/work stoppages revolving around your choice of headwear. Additionally, include pictures that are not of you. Do you have friends that look like they would fit in profits essays, with the culture at the place you’re hoping to be hired? Include their photo.

And Beagles, great breed, very popular with most hiring managers, they’re people oriented dogs with a great demeanor— make that connection for H.R.?, don’t assume they’ll know you based on your 10,000 words alone. One other category of photo to consider is the “artistic you”. Of High. Any great shots of brick next to purpose example grass, in lowlight, blending bokeh , soft , and blurry into one image, like you were drunk and accidentally snapping photos as you fell to the ground, those are perfect. This shows your creative side; and if we know anything about the benefits of high school future of work, we know that creativity is our last best hope to stave off the relentless pursuit of bright young minds around the globe (teamwork only goes so far, we aren’t doing any team building exercises with the Swedes). Bokeh Blurry – Minneapolis, Lake Street, Southside, dusk, sunset, dirty bus window filter. After completing your masterpiece and thesis seo for everyone sending it out into of high essay, the interweb, do yourself a favor, hand deliver a second copy to the person in charge. Walk it right into their office and give them a copy (with a $20 bill paper-clipped to the top, not folded, make it conspicuous). This lets the Financial analysis boss(es) know you’re serious about your desire to work for their company. More than likely this won’t get you a job (or even an interview), but it will make you feel like you’ve done everything in your power and benefits sports well, that’s something.

Good luck as you begin your quest for gainful and research papers high meaningful employment. School. A few last pieces of advice. About High Transformers. Don’t be afraid to ask Google if you aren’t sure about something; but remember, Google doesn’t have all the of high sports essay answers. Don’t take every piece of advice that is given regardless of the profits essays source; some people don’t realize that their “skills” had nothing to benefits of high school essay do with their successful job hunt. And last, whatever you do, don’t give up; this process can take a decade or longer and defence include many sidequests, false-starts, and shitty days. Ever Forward job seekers! Call people who know people. Benefits School Sports. Networking is key, even with a great resume. Bent on making public education more equitable, economic opportunities more widely available, the general public more empathetic, and food more tasty.

Rich experiences in Inner-city public education, rural America (farm to analysis factory), restaurant industry professional, and animal plant caretaker extraordinaire. Of High School. 11 States and counting. View all posts by Leif.

Advice on essay Putting Together Your Application. Students commonly want to tutorial seo for know what part of the college application “carries the most weight.” The truth is, there are many parts to your application, and together they help us discover and school sports, appreciate your particular mix of qualities. Academic criteria are important to Yale#8217;s selective admissions process, but we look at far more than test scores and grades. Every applicant brings something unique to the admissions committee table. Perhaps one application stands out because of sparkling recommendations, while another presents outstanding extracurricular talent; maybe your personality shines through a powerful written voice, or maybe your keen mathematical mind packs more punch. Our goal is to assemble a diverse, well-rounded freshman class, and that means admitting exceptional individuals of essays, all types. You may find this answer unsatisfying, but we assure you that it is true: the of high sports part of the purpose application that carries the most weight is school sports, different from applicant to applicant. This section of our website aims to help you submit the very best application possible. We asked admissions officers to tutorial seo for weigh in with their own thoughts on each topic and of high essay, we have compiled their responses below. We know that the application process can be confusing, daunting, even overwhelming, and questions for thesis, we hope this page proves helpful as you compile your applications, not only to Yale but to every school on benefits of high sports essay your list.

When you write your essays and lab report example, short answer responses, write about something that matters to you. School. Use your own voice. Do not worry about making a special effort to include impressive vocabulary words or overly complex sentences. If you sound like yourself and discuss something you care about, your essay will be more effective. We know that no one can fit an entire life story into a few short pieces of writing, and we don’t expect you to everyone try. Pick topics that will give us an idea of who you are.

It doesn’t matter which topics you choose, as long as they are meaningful to you. School. We have read wonderful essays on common topics and weak essays on highly unusual ones. Analysis. Your perspective – the benefits school lens through which you view your topic – is far more important than the profits essays specific topic itself. In the past, students have written about family situations, ethnicity or culture, school or community events to benefits school essay which they have had strong reactions, people who have influenced them, significant experiences, intellectual interests, personal aspirations, or – more generally – topics that spring from the possible questions defence life of the imagination. Finally: proofread, proofread, proofread! Share your essays with at least one or two people who know you well – such as a parent, teacher, counselor, or friend – and ask for feedback. Remember that you ultimately have control over your essays, and your essays should retain your own voice, but others may be able to catch mistakes that you missed and help suggest areas to cut if you are over the word limit. Your record of of high sports essay, extracurricular experiences ideally should demonstrate a number of profits, things: You engage your community beyond the school classroom.

Yale is home to over 300 student organizations, and research term papers about voltage transformers, we want to essay admit students who will take advantage of these resources and thesis tutorial everyone, contribute to Yale’s vibrant extracurricular community. Benefits Essay. You take leadership positions when they are available, and you invest your energies into the activities you choose. You do not need to be president of a national organization to impress the admissions committee. But, the committee would like to see that you have spent time pursuing meaningful opportunities and thesis tutorial everyone, that you have had a positive impact on people around you. You demonstrate a deep commitment to and genuine appreciation for what you spend your time doing.

The joy you take in the pursuits that really matter to you – rather than a resume padded with a long list of of high, activities – will strengthen your candidacy. Interviews are another way to help your application stand out. If you are offered the opportunity to interview, we strongly encourage you to take it. Share whatever additional information you feel the admissions committee should consider in order to fully appreciate your ideas, intellectual curiosity, character, and values. Do not be a passive interviewee! Although the interviewer will get the ball rolling with questions, come prepared to be an engaged conversationalist. Rather than answering a question with a one-word, direct answer, approach each question as an powered opportunity to elaborate on various aspects of who you are.

Tell your story, ask questions, and benefits essay, raise any concerns you may have. Interviewers can learn as much about candidates by the interesting, thoughtful questions they bring to the table as they can from the answers they give. Lab Report Purpose. Recommendations tell us a great deal about the way you think and benefits of high essay, learn, how you contribute to your school community, and what you add to a classroom dynamic. The best recommendations are not always from the teachers in essays powered by vbulletin whose class you earned the highest grades, but rather from those teachers who know you best and benefits sports essay, can discuss the substance of essays powered, your intellect and character. We are as interested in your intellectual curiosity and benefits of high sports, resilience as in defence your innate ability and work ethic. Sports. A string of generic superlatives is not as useful as a specific, thoughtful discussion of your strengths. We prefer these letters to be from teachers who have taught you in your junior and/or senior years. These teachers will best speak to your recent progress, your preparation for rigorous collegiate coursework, and your potential contributions beyond the classroom.

Supplementary materials can provide broader context to some parts of your application, but they can just as often be superfluous and distracting. For example, a letter from Financial someone who supervised your extracurricular research project may answer important questions about the work you’ve done. But a third recommendation that raves about you, just as your other letters do, will not necessarily enhance your application. In fact, it may dilute the effect of the benefits essay two required recommendations. Your transcript is lab report purpose, a significant part of your application. We look at your overall record, from freshman through senior years.

We always remain mindful of context: what courses are available at your school? Did you take a rigorous curriculum given these course offerings? Are there patterns to your transcript that reflect on your academic potential? We rely on school sports essay school profiles and guidance counselors to give us an understanding of your school and the ways in which you have been academically engaged. We also consider your standardized test scores. Powered By Vbulletin. Think of testing as just another part of the application, and certainly do not spend most of your weekends test-taking! Only retake a test if you feel you will significantly improve your scores. If your testing is in the right ballpark, then it probably will not be the deciding factor for your candidacy. In other words, don’t worry about trying to get an extra twenty points.

Instead, spend your time on things that will help you grow as a person: school work, extracurricular opportunities, time with friends — the things that will give you a stronger sense of yourself and, as a result, make you a stronger college applicant. (Bonus: they will also prepare you to benefits of high make the most of example, your college experience and benefits of high school sports, of life!). Yale College Undergraduate Admissions. Copyright 2017 Yale University. All rights reserved.

essay eyes wide shut Here we are, ten years after the release of Stanley Kubrick's final film (and, of course, his death). I feel I'm at a point with Eyes Wide Shut where it's virtually impossible for me to have an honest opinion of the film anymore. I've watched it and analyzed it, in of high sports essay, part, at least 100 times, mostly for the writing of the lab report example, 2002 essay below (there's plenty I've left out -- kisses, alcohol vs. coffee, etc.) -- plus I've read countless articles about its creation, spoken to Todd Field about sports, rehearsals and camera placement, and I even interviewed SK's longtime collaborator Leon Vitali. I believe that EWS is the defence, one film he made just for himself. He didn't appear to be trying to impress anybody, just creating a personal work of art he'd been planning for 30 years -- filling it with subtle references to his own life. Ultimately, EWS is a fascinating film to of high school essay, study, but that study comes with caveats. We know for a fact that although the picture edit was left untouched at the time of his death, the released film was not his final cut but the cut until that point -- as well, a wide variety of post procedures from sound to profits essays, color-correction were completed based on benefits sports essay, notes and the assumptions of his intimates. So the master of ambiguity, making a film that's entirely about ambiguity, has left us with a real life puzzle: we'll never know what the final version of his final film might've been, and we're left to sift through the pieces.

When Eyes Wide Shut opened on July 16, 1999, it was mostly greeted with the same reaction that all of Stanley Kubrick’s films had received: polar opinions followed by discussion. Like those other films, once the controversy faded and everyone it became available for benefits of high essay dissection via video, its reputation slowly grew to the point where the initial reactions were rendered irrelevant. Part of the initial problem for many of the film’s viewers was that Kubrick had made so few films in the last two decades of his life. During this time, the world of film had been significantly augmented by three developments: home video, CGI and the rise of the essays, blockbuster above all else. For myself, and an entire generation, we grew up watching Kubrick’s films on a TV screen. Benefits Of High School? Although I did see Full Metal Jacket during its original run in theaters at the age of 12, what we were experiencing, for the most part, were waves created some time ago during the initial impacts of Financial analysis, his work. There was so much folklore surrounding Kubrick's reputation that when Eyes Wide Shut’s production was announced in 1996, we were thrilled, yet skeptical. Benefits Of High School Sports? One friend, upon learning it would be starring Tom Cruise, commented that it was the equivalent of thesis seo for everyone, Alfred Hitchcock returning from the of high sports, grave to direct a Nike commercial. As the shooting schedule wore on, stretching to a comical 20 months, our anticipation increased. Then, on the evening of March 7, 1999, shortly before the film’s release, we were shocked to learn Kubrick had passed away. We were in everyone, a state of disbelief.

For the younger filmmakers and benefits of high essay enthusiasts coming of age now, it’s probably difficult to completely understand our reaction. Essays? Those who “got” Kubrick’s work -- the methodical compositions, groundbreaking narrative forms, revolutionary techniques, uncompromising intellectual concepts and, above all, his complete control over his productions and benefits of high school releases -- it was like losing a symbol. Purpose Example? You would only need to locate and read a few of the obituaries published at benefits sports, the time to get an idea. There was nobody else like him, and there never would be again. He was often misunderstood, even by his admirers. I was baffled at reading post-mortem critical evaluations of his work, most of which seemed void of lab report example, any comprehension.

One analysis actually proclaimed the most brilliant aspect of Barry Lyndon was that Kubrick presented the title character as a “dullard.” 1999 was a tricky year -- on benefits school essay, the eve of the millennium, it was the peak of the ‘90s media avalanche, and Financial analysis it also was the year of the “dot.com.” The media, which SK had all but avoided for nearly a quarter century, quickly began spinning stories based on mistruths perpetuated by people who’d never even met him -- and he certainly wasn't available to school essay, counter any of these claims. Eyes Wide Shut’s entire production was controversial. The lack of public knowledge, mixed with the length of the shoot, stirred a great deal of public interest -- not the least of which was centered around the film’s married couple of Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman. All we knew was that the term papers about high voltage power, narrative centered itself around sexual obsession. Later, it was suggested to be based on Arthur Schnitzler’s Traumnovel , however, no copies were in print because Kubrick had preemptively bought them all years earlier. As with any unsubstantiated rumor, given enough time it will take on essay, a life of its own and lose any semblance of realistic proportion.

The press made the film sound as if it would be like Basic Instinct . Everything was hyped beyond belief, as our piranha media configuration called for; AOL kept asking on its homepage whether it would be the sexiest movie ever, and, as rumors emerged that the married couple would actually have unsimulated sex onscreen, the site even advertised: “Tom Nicole: Will they or won’t they?” For those who were actually interested in the reality of Eyes Wide Shut , there was a legitimate controversy. It was well known that Kubrick had been a perfectionist, with complete autonomy over all of his work. In fact, he’d even recut 2001: A Space Odyssey , A Clockwork Orange and The Shining after their premieres -- and even had ACO removed from exhibition and video entirely in analysis, the UK. Now that he was dead some four months before its release, had he in fact completed his final cut? History indicated that he most likely hadn’t. Then, as the reviews began trickling out, notwithstanding Alexander Walker’s self-aggrandizing jump of the gun, yet another issue came to light. Apparently, in order to secure an benefits sports essay R-rating, which Kubrick was contractually obligated to deliver to Financial analysis, Warner Bros., digital alterations were applied to alter a specific scene on all US prints.

Critics were shown both versions. Kubrick's untimely death mixed with questions about the school sports, legitimacy of the final cut and Financial analysis the tabloid frenzy surrounding the stars created a perfect storm. I saw Eyes Wide Shut a couple of days before its release at a preview screening. Sports? The audience was anxious and on ethics profits essays, edge, not knowing what to expect. The film began, and after a few moments we all realized the of high, picture quality was grainy, looking like a rough cut or an aged print. There was whispering. The story unfolded, and my initial reactions swayed from term papers high power transformers, nervous numbness to curiosity to benefits school sports essay, thinking it was the worst thing he’d ever done and an embarrassment to thinking it might be his best. Afterward, I left without much of an opinion. Lab Report Purpose Example? I needed to mull it over.

I thought, perhaps Kubrick wasn’t dead after all. Maybe it had all been a plan -- a masquerade, not unlike what Tom Cruise’s character Bill Harford experienced. It certainly was ironic that someone known for portraying stories in which plans go astray unexpectedly died of natural causes while meticulously finishing his first film in a dozen years. His body simply stopped on him. Of High School Essay? It couldn’t have been more Kubrickian. Most people were unable to determine how they felt about ethics profits essays, it after only school essay one viewing. I saw it again several times in a row upon its release, attempting to make sense of it all. Certain aspects had caught my attention, and it was readily apparent that many things which seemed so on the surface all but evaporated upon closer inspection. These ambiguities went unobserved by the press due to the crowded summer schedule, looming deadlines and a rush to judgment.

Perhaps the greatest reason for analysis this critical folly was that Kubrick spoke in a language of cinema not literature. Of High? By this, I mean, most people were so unskilled at understanding film language that they were unable to thesis, follow his intricacies and, therefore, judged it a mess. Kubrick’s consistent intent was to create visual experiences that avoided literary pigeonholes --and he often did this with as little verbal exposition as possible (showing not telling). What often goes unsaid is that many critics enjoy intelligent films -- but usually dislike intellectual films. Sports? They like to seo for everyone, watch well-made and thought-provoking work, yet they disdain anything which will require them to benefits sports, think and research transformers rethink what they’ve seen after the of high school, fact. Woe is the director who shows he's more intelligent than a critic. In an Financial attempt to benefits of high sports essay, sound knowledgeable, many critics claimed to have read the possible defence, Schnitzler (which was out of benefits school sports, print), when all they’d read was Frederic Raphael’s brief synopsis in thesis tutorial, his published memoir Eyes Wide Open , about his screenplay collaboration with Kubrick. Therefore, they were following an unreliable surface guide and were unable to benefits of high sports, distinguish between the differences. And so began the debate. Allegations flew from critics regarding the MPAA’s conservative attitudes toward sex.

After all, the world outside North America saw the version without the lab report purpose, digital alterations; these alterations, which occurred in sports, a single scene, in the form of what became known as digital fig leaves, were figures imposed over certain sex acts to obscure their sight -- not unlike TV’s practice of blurring various unsuitable or unlicensed elements in Financial, passing. (The subsequent video release also had an alteration: the reflection of a sound man was removed in one scene -- something I believe to be intentional, not an of high error.) Because the alterations were apparently done just before its release, this led to speculation as to what else Warner’s might have done. Many refused to lab report, accept this as a final cut. One critic actually had the benefits school sports, audacity to tutorial seo for everyone, accuse Steven Spielberg, without any evidence, mind you, of reshooting the final scene. Sports Essay? Jan Harlan, Kubrick’s brother-in-law and executive producer, subsequently made it clear that the lab report example, cover-ups were Stanley’s unequivocal intention if it received an NC-17, as opposed to recutting it -- though, more recently, he contradicted himself by admitting Kubrick would've simply adjusted the cross-cutting between Dr. Bill and his P.O.V.

I firmly believe that most of the confusion was the result of the writers’ inability to fully understand Eyes Wide Shut -- and benefits school essay their refusal to admit so. There was such a critical controversy surrounding the movie that many critics ultimately reversed themselves. I recall Armond White first dismissed EWS as reverie, then he later criticized other critics for example completely missing the film, then he ultimately decided it was very good but not great. Janet Maslin of The New York Times left her position shortly after its release, and it has been suggested (without confirmation) that the media’s close-minded reaction was the final straw for her. Eyes Wide Shut was accused of being as far behind the times as 2001 had been ahead. That’s already been proven incorrect, as its ideas have been absorbed, most recently by Wes Anderson’s The Royal Tenenbaums , which also featured a stylized version of New York -- however, where Kubrick was charged with inaccuracies, Anderson was praised for originality. Eventually, Eyes Wide Shut vanished from the scene and 1999 seemed to be a year that declared the arrival of younger talents. Benefits Of High Sports Essay? I couldn’t read any newspaper or watch TV without being inundated by the ZEITGEIST. For some, Being John Malkovich summed up the moment.

Others thought it was Magnolia . And Fight Club was even hailed as the future of filmmaking by Film Comment. It wasn’t that Kubrick’s style was so out of touch with modern expectations. He never made films that worked like anybody else’s in any decade. His films existed outside of time. Designed to stand out. Designed to last. Yet subject to the tools and knowledge of their times.

Twenty years ago, Eyes Wide Shut would have received a platform release -- a practice that was still the norm, though it was quickly being superseded by wide first weekends. Now, only movies outside the mainstream that need to build interest, such as art films, are released in example, stages. Most films are front packed, and school essay if they don't perform on analysis, opening weekend, everybody knows as soon as Monday rolls around (even sooner now with Friday-Sunday estimates). Realistically, had Eyes Wide Shut received a platform release in 1999 it would have vanished immediately. Of High? It dealt with issues of infidelity that made most couples squirm, and the aesthetics were organic -- a far cry from the tutorial, quickening Avid-edited pace of most films. Not even the star power of of high school sports essay, Tom Cruise, who at the time had the greatest box office track record ever, with five consecutive $100-million grossing films, could have saved it. Analysis? In fact, by front packing it, Cruise led the benefits of high school sports, film to gross 50-percent of its total $56-million U.S. Thesis Tutorial Everyone? box office take in of high sports essay, its first weekend. Financial Analysis? Worldwide it capped at roughly $160-million -- not bad, but unspectacular compared to benefits of high school, average blockbusters. The film was designed to for thesis, catch its audience off guard. It was full of tricks. Benefits Of High? So much so, that it made the reversals in The Sixth Sense and Fight Club look elementary by comparison.

Eyes Wide Shut was a film that anybody would have had to see more than once if they intended to come to terms with it. It was not easily digested. Financial? It was not mindless entertainment or a fun date movie. School Sports? (It’s amusing to think what might have happened to a guy taking out a girl to see this with the intention of for thesis, getting laid afterward.) Eyes Wide Shut is a series of reversals and dashed expectations where everybody has a motive and all actions are performances. The title itself is a contradiction; some suggested it was a reference to the “dream logic” the narrative followed -- it’s intentionally ambiguous and many correlations can be found between it and aspects of the film. I believe the title is suggesting people have an inherent inability to sports essay, actually observe and comprehend what is before them. Analysis? That people create dream worlds for themselves, and all too often accept surface presentations instead of searching the depths which create such illusions. It's also a play about perspective and the limits to what can fully be known and the limits to of high sports essay, truth. Needless to say, most audience members who had mentally salivated at the prospect of wall to wall sex with Tom and Nicole were disappointed. And that was the point. Michael Herr, Kubrick’s friend and collaborator, noted that Kubrick must have been severely out of Financial, touch if he thought he could get away with that type of marketing campaign in 1999's culture.

Ticket prices were high, and people just wanted to escape life for a couple of of high sports essay, hours, maybe get a little aroused. Instead, they received a meditation on lies, marital infidelity, class, procreation and death. The narrative of Eyes Wide Shut is assembled similarly to possible for thesis defence, most of Kubrick’s post- 2001 films, in that it’s a series of benefits school, episodes placed together without any overt exposition to bridge them. This format had many accusing it of research term voltage transformers, being plotless. It isn’t plotless -- the problem is that 99% of all movies follow the of high school sports essay, same structure, so people have been conditioned from essays, Day One as to how a movie’s plot is supposed to play out. When viewers don’t receive what they expect at any given moment, they become dislocated from the material, because they’re no longer on a treadmill and have to think for themselves -- not unlike humanity's predicament in Kurt Vonnegut’s Timequake . To complicate things, Kubrick preferred keeping his compositions wide to show people within environments, rarely focusing on a single detail. This created a web of ambiguity for viewers unaccustomed to this, since it’s less obvious what the of high essay, important pieces are.

It also diminishes the emotional states of the essays by vbulletin, characters. One example of ambiguous composition in benefits, Eyes Wide Shut is the profits essays, use of establishing shots, usually of certain areas in New York. Benefits Sports? Instead of focusing on the street signs, which might have been more helpful to anyone unfamiliar with the environments, the shots are left in detached masters. They don’t always match the following action with Dr. Analysis? Bill -- a tactic used to mock television’s use of of high school sports, establishing shots for shows shot on sound stages miles away from the possible questions defence, actual locations. It’s logical to infer that Kubrick’s style came about through his roots as a still photographer, focusing on exterior observation. By focusing on character actions rather than attempting to justify motivations or emotions, he was accused by some of not being a psychological director. This is incorrect; he just factored more into his observations than the illogical nature of mere human behavior -- such as temporal and spatial time, natural sciences and laws of physics. He preferred sociology to psychology. His characters didn’t exist in their own worlds where everything was justified to their emotional needs; they existed within a physical universe and had to maneuver through an existence often at benefits sports essay, odds with their motivations.

And to make matters worse, he often chose the point of view, some would say, of that physical world, reserving any compassion or sympathy for his characters’ plights. In comparision, The Sixth Sense , released the same summer, differs from Eyes Wide Shut in lab report purpose, its emotional manipulation of physical reality in a fundamental way. In The Sixth Sense (as with Fight Club ), the main character could only have existed within the scenes dramatized, otherwise the illusion would’ve been shattered -- whereas in benefits school essay, EWS , the locations and situations existed with or without Dr. Bill. Kubrick’s use of exposition and example mise en scene differed greatly from more modern directors like Martin Scorsese. Whereas Kubrick routinely let multiple pieces of school essay, information permeate his compositions, creating a tapestry like Where’s Waldo? , Scorsese has the by vbulletin, tendency to focus on only one thing at a time. With Scorsese, the viewer is never at a loss as to what’s going on; he’s constantly freezing his narratives and fracturing time just to school sports essay, explain the details, as if he’s showing off how much he knows.

Kubrick, on the other hand, dramatized scenes as they might actually take place, allowing the characters’ actions to justify the pacing, letting them speak for themselves. Eyes Wide Shut’s main character, Bill Harford, is constantly entering into analysis, situations that existed before him, and of high sports will continue once he’s gone. Bill is profits essays traveling through a series of future light cones, touring through the ripples of previous events, and the viewer, put in his place, enters into school essay, these situations as blindly as he does. We’re given no more exposition than the main character. Therefore, what Kubrick established was a method fundamentally at odds with Hitchcock’s subjectivity. Hitchcock built suspense by granting the audience more information than his characters through the use of cutaways, or, in the case of purpose, Rear Window , panning away from a sleeping James Stewart to show the murderous events going on across the courtyard. Kubrick, who felt 20th Century art had become too subjective and was in dire need of locating a sense of objectivity, would have none of that winking. The first three shots give us our conceptual setup. The film opens with Shostakovich’s Jazz Suite, Waltz 2 , playing over white on black titles.

It then cuts to an image of Alice Harford, Bill’s wife, nude with her back to us. Alice slips out of her dress, letting it brazenly drop to the floor. The room is brightly lit and mundane with some tennis racquets to the side. School Essay? She’s framed by Roman columns (Italian influences abound throughout the film), juxtaposing classicism with modernism, as Kubrick was often fond of doing. This image is Financial analysis intended to deceive, and sports it actually calls attention to where our minds are. Financial Analysis? People seeing Eyes Wide Shut in the theater for the first time had been promised a fair degree of arousal. The opening shot, featuring a beautiful woman without any clothes on, altered none of these expectations. (It’s integral to note that one’s reaction to what follows would be fundamentally different seeing it on video than in a theater. Of High Sports? The actual film it was shot on, Eastman 500 EXR, had been underexposed by 2 stops, then pushed another 2 during development, creating a haze of tutorial seo for everyone, grain that lent it a documentary feel. The effect was rather like Suerat’s pointillism meeting the benefits of high essay, warm interior lights of Latrec.

Its intimacy was almost embarrassing. The DVD was cleaned up, slickening the presentation, thereby making it more palatable to audiences. ) After the image of Alice, a title card appears cleverly announcing the film’s title, followed by the second shot: a wobbly establishing shot of an apartment building on Financial, Manhattan’s Central Park West. What we didn’t notice in the theatrical release, during the first shot, was the picture’s grain -- we were too fixated on the naked woman. Upon moving to the exterior shot, however, the audience was thrown a curve. Not only was there a content contrast between the of high school essay, two shots, but the research term papers high voltage transformers, picture was literally filled with contrast.

It looked cheap and amateurish. Another thing we were distracted from, due to the image of nudity, was the attitude by which Alice undressed. Benefits Of High School Sports? Anyone paying attention would have noticed just how bored with contempt she was. She wasn’t even wearing anything below the dress. It can be inferred, when placed within the Financial, context of the following scenes, that Alice was unenthusiastically deciding what to wear for the party she and Bill were to subsequently attend. For shot #3, upon of high school essay, cutting from the CPW establishing, we find Bill in a tuxedo, standing where Alice was only a moment before. Term Papers About Power? There are major aesthetic differences to be noted: the exterior was lit with street lights, which lent an amber hue to the winter night, however, inside the light coming through the window is artificial blue. (The color blue will become an integral part of the film’s mechanics as it progresses.) In one Stedicam shot, with Shostakovich still playing on benefits of high essay, the soundtrack, Bill wanders through the apartment searching for something. Lab Report Purpose Example? He calls to school, Alice who’s off-screen, asking if she knows where his wallet is. She suggests it's by the bed, an obvious location, and upon locating it, a look of resentment crosses Bill’s face.

He immediately attempts to deflect his incompetence by accusing Alice of taking her time. (His wallet, as it contains cash and possible questions defence his ID, will become another key motif, consistently offering others his identity and a means of exchange.) Bill enters the bathroom, and we discover Alice on of high, the toilet -- killing our first image of her. Bill is oblivious and looks at himself in the mirror. Alice wipes herself, then asks Bill how she looks. He automatically replies without looking, telling her she looks beautiful, which she mocks him for.

He patronizingly tells her she always looks beautiful, then he kisses her on the neck. Bill walks back into the bedroom and turns off the stereo -- which it turns out was playing the Shostakovich, tricking the audience who assumed it was non-diegetic. ( Jazz Suite, Waltz 2 will appear again during the film as a theme for ethics essays the routine of their lives. By using music by both Shostakovich and Ligeti as its main themes, an interesting layer has been added: both were composers whose work was done under the benefits essay, rule of Stalinist Soviet Union; both composers’ work was therefore restricted accordingly. These pieces of music help set the tone for research high the decadent, post-Cold War America portrayed in the film.) One other piece of information granted us during this setup is a window air conditioner seen repeatedly as Bill passes it.

It’s an sports essay extremely subtle element of the mise en scene, but rather humorous when considering the setting is Christmas time, and the AC should have been removed a while ago. Later on, however, in possible for thesis, subsequent scenes, the AC is missing from the window; this is the only time we’ll see it. The AC can be seen as symbolic of Bill and Alice’s frigid relationship, but it also plays into the film’s highly complex use of mise en scene: as it’s never seen again, we can be left to ponder whether it was a continuity error or whether it was removed outside of the drama -- though if it was, Alice most likely did the work, because we later see Bill as a lazy oaf after work the following evening. The point is: we don’t know. What we have learned drama-wise via these first three shots is that Bill and Alice have been married for a while, and they’re wealthy, living on Central Park West. Of High Sports? Bill is absentminded, a bit of a boob with things, and he's extremely self-centered. Also, we should prepare ourselves for a certain amount of nudity.

And this narrative is essays powered going to benefits of high school essay, consistently play mind fucks with us. We've also been exposed to the film's aesthetic strategies -- the blue exterior lights (against red curtains), black against white (tuxedo), the thick picture grain, the pairing of diegetic and non-diegetic, and the use of long unedited takes, often shot with a Stedicam. All this, in just 3 shots. Bill and Alice have been married for Financial nine years at benefits sports, this point. Their daily routine has become mechanized. It’s been suggested that Kubrick’s central theme throughout his career was the contrast between things which are mechanical and those which are spontaneous, contingent or unforeseen. More can be made of this. I would like to suggest that the underlying concept behind these themes is the danger of everyone, blind faith.

Blind faith, by its very nature, requires a submission of autonomy. Therefore, it lends itself to mechanization because it eliminates the opportunity for of high school sports essay someone to possible for thesis, actually think and act independently. Benefits Of High? (The Ludovico Treatment, the Doomsday Machine, HAL 9000 or even Redmond Barry’s devotion to his mother and her advice.) Of course, there are pros and cons to both consistency and spontaneity. Some said Kubrick mocked plans, but that would be an essays powered incorrect conclusion based upon his widely reported meticulousness. (During the planning for his fabled film about Napoleon, for helicopter shots, SK reportedly calculated the size of the battlefields in sports essay, relation to the number of example, soldiers, as well as determining the speed at which a helicopter would have to fly to pass over all the troops, so he could determine how long the shot would last. Without computers.) Whereas too much planning stagnates and creates an appearance of lifelessness (which Kubrick’s work was certainly accused of), too much spontaneity can lead to an inability to accomplish a desired end. Kubrick believed that most people were incapable of determining the methods by which they intended to accomplish their goals. Of High School Sports? He was able to acquire freedom from time constraints with his work; the success of his films allowed him to research about voltage power transformers, take whatever time he felt was needed to school sports essay, create work which he felt most proud of. That way, any malfunctions could be detected within time to Financial analysis, be corrected. In the end, of of high school sports essay, course, his time ran out -- his greatest victory, control of time, ultimately begat his downfall. As Eyes Wide Shut unspools, Kubrick begins filling our minds with strange inconsistencies, of Financial, which the previously mentioned AC is only one.

An obviously missing statue in of high school essay, one scene is thesis tutorial seo for another example; a chair that comes and goes near Bill’s front door which he likes to place his coat on is another. He’s begging us to wonder whether these things are intentional or not. Bill’s experience is a figurative dream, not the actual narrative of the movie. When Alice compares dreams and reality at benefits, the end, just before the return of Jazz Suite, Waltz 2 , she’s comparing her dreams to his reality -- and Bill, as a doctor, with little in the way of an imagination, is the butt of the joke. Some critics strangely declared this was Kubrick’s Ophul movie, but a more accurate reference would be that of Bunuel. Eyes Wide Shut is a surrealist film with a narrative that never resolves its questions.

Furthermore, it was Bunuel who routinely satirized the bourgeois and papers transformers their dreamlike removal from reality in such films as Belle de jour and The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeois . Bunuel also chose a mundane aesthetic sensibility to heighten the school essay, absurdity of the thesis everyone, drama -- the outrageous presented realistically. Another reference point is Franz Kafka, whom Kubrick believed to be the greatest writer of the 20th Century. Kubrick argued that most film adaptations of his work were misconceived because the filmmakers confused the narrative surrealism for stylistic absurdity, when, in fact, Kafka wrote in of high school sports essay, a very plain manner. Kafka's aesthetic was to portray insanity as perfectly sane. Surrealism manifests itself in EWS as Bill is so out of the loop during the day of his odyssey that the for thesis, unfamiliar events which he stumbles through appear to function with a dream logic. The events are too irregular, and his lack of experience leads him to paranoia, linking incidents together without any foundation -- and as Bill is the stand-in for the audience, the same confusion takes hold in us as well, just as we're also pouring over the continuity inconsistencies. Anyone who’s ever been in a similar predicament knows the movie portrays this scenario with scary accuracy. It’s also extremely acute in its rendering of the different worlds Bill steps into throughout the city -- worlds cut off by economic and cultural diversity. In the movie, like life, nothing ever seems to fit together perfectly. No disguise is absolute, hence the need for of high school sports essay a disguise in the first place.

Such is Kubrick’s central theory on relationships and perceived reality in papers high power, general: trust is the glue which holds all the loose ends together, yet nothing should be blindly trusted. and the whole truth can never be known. SHADOWS ON THE MIRROR: The unspoken secret to understanding the relationship between Bill and Alice can be viewed during the mirror make out scene, accompanied by Chris Isaak’s Baby Did a Bad Bad Thing (which we can assume is playing on their stereo). We see Alice standing in front of a mirror with her back to of high essay, us. Her front side is represented by a mirror’s reflection.

Throughout the ethics profits essays, film we’re shown characters from behind, then from the front, suggesting a simple formal reversal of perception. Mirrors will also be seen repeatedly in the film as a hint of duplicity. The reflection here offers our first glimpse of Alice’s bare front, and of high school sports essay as the lab report purpose example, camera zooms in, Bill approaches from benefits school sports essay, behind. He looks at her, then himself in the reflection -- comparing image to reality -- then he begins passionately kissing Alice. We cut closer on their reflected image. Then.

Alice’s eyes open, and a look of disappointment crosses her face. Without resolution there is a fade to black. Obviously, there’s a problem. The first thing to term papers about high voltage, understand is that they’ve been married for 9 years. We’ve already seen that they’re comfortable enough with each other to sports essay, share the bathroom. We know that at the earlier party Bill revived a naked woman who had OD’d -- a scene portrayed without a hint of eroticism. Everyone? He also indifferently (or trustingly) left his wife to fend for benefits sports herself at a party at which she didn’t know anybody, and didn’t want to be at.

What could cause a doctor, someone who is around nudity without sexuality on possible questions for thesis, a daily basis, to become so passionate? The act of having saved someone’s life. Bill is of high school essay a 40-ish doctor with an overblown sense of ego, and the ability to save someone’s life fuels his God complex. Tutorial Everyone? However, he’s a man so self-involved that he’s clueless to benefits school sports, anything outside his general grasp. He has everything he wants: a beautiful wife and daughter, a general practice on possible questions for thesis, Park Avenue and a $2-million apartment on Manhattan’s Upper West Side, which contrary to some critical remarks, could easily be paid for with a mortgage. There are several things worth noting about this scene. The first, is that it’s incomplete. Of High Sports? We don’t know the outcome.

Kubrick faded to black just as things seemed to be getting interesting. This was an often repeated tactic in his vocabulary: untimely optical transitions. Essays? (Think: the fade to black in 2001 just as Floyd’s recorded message is nearing an end, or the dissolve from Mr. Touchdown giving directions in Full Metal Jacket to school, the actual scene of the crime -- or even the fade out at the end of Part 1 in Barry Lyndon , while the analysis, Narrator is of high essay still reading Sir Charles’ obituary.) It’s a rude gesture on essays powered by vbulletin, Kubrick’s part, as most filmmakers want to be as smooth with their audience as possible. The integral piece of information has usually been established, yet instead of benefits of high sports, resolving the Financial analysis, matter at benefits of high school sports, hand, this technique leaves the ending loose, usually to have it played out in the following actions, implying that nothing can be done to alter this fate. (One more note regarding the fade to Financial, black. In theaters, there was a reel change just after the of high school, fade, and lab report purpose the transition to the elevator doors opening was extremely abrupt. According to Leon Vitali, Kubrick stipulated that his films be screened reel-to-reel instead of on a platter to avoid prolonged scratches.) The question must be begged: did they or didn’t they? Everything we’ve seen about Bill prior to benefits essay, this -- from his indifference with Alice on the toilet and questions an unflinching professional demeanor when confronted with the nude woman, to his hesitation as Gayle and Nuala proposed to take him, “. Where the benefits of high school sports, rainbow ends. ” -- suggests he’s not exactly the profits, hot-blooded type. The audience, however, used to Tom Cruise’s hero screen persona, has not made the switch.

There’s even a line he speaks during the models' encounter that pointedly mocks Cruise’s image: “Well, that is the type of benefits, hero I can be sometimes.” The subsequent events of the story prove otherwise. Marriage, as portrayed in Eyes Wide Shut , is not merely a psychological game of emotional manipulation or deceit, but it primarily serves as an Financial evolutionary function for the species. It’s a matter of sports, survival; it provides structure for society, financial security for individuals, maintains population control to an extent, and it subdues to the varying effects that marriages succeed, the spread of disease. The problem is not in the intellectual concept or morality of one man and one woman, but in the reality of actually applying it to real people. Research Term Papers Voltage? It’s often a case of trying to benefits school sports essay, fit a circle (humans: living things capable of choice and emotional response), into voltage power, a square (marriage: a rigid structure). This single scene, bouncing reality off of the mirror to show disconnect, illustrates the crutch of their predicament: since Bill is a doctor who practices the benefits school, hippocratic oath, by definition, he can never be entirely honest with his wife. The event that sparked his libido was saving a life -- and what happened between he and Ziegler was in strict confidence. (It's also this secret event that ultimately saves Bill, since Ziegler owes him.) KUBRICK HATED THE WIZARD OF OZ: Bill’s view of his life is, for all intents and purposes, black white. Purpose Example? This is visually played out in several ways: when Bill and Alice initially arrive at Ziegler's party the floor beneath their feet is checkered black white; during Bill and Alice’s argument, he’s wearing black shorts and she white lingerie, and he even dubiously states, “Well, I don’t think it’s quite that black white. School Sports? ” Also, at the party, Bill is paired against Nick Nightingale, and he’s wearing a black jacket while Nick is wearing a white jacket; the newspaper in which Bill reads about Amanda Curran's overdose is black ink printed on white paper; and, most tellingly, we see Bill’s jealous fantasies of Alice with the Sailor played out in his mind in black white.

The black white motif is used to directly counter the “rainbow” of colors awash throughout most of the film. (Remember, The Wizard of Oz pairs BW reality in Kansas against lush color in possible defence, Oz.) There appears to be a logic to the use of colors which goes as follows: blue represents an benefits of high school sports essay artificial or mechanical surface; red represents an internal entry, Eros, or the essays powered by vbulletin, life instinct; orange represents normalcy and familial warmth; and yellow represents unreliability and a lack of control. Red and blue are seen most frequently, often paired within the school sports essay, same shot to contrast each other. Kubrick paired these two once before during the opening titles of A Clockwork Orange , and a clockwork orange is, of possible questions for thesis defence, course, somebody who appears to be living yet is really mechanical. Our first introduction to blue is during the tracking shot of Bill at of high sports, the beginning: there’s a cold blue light seeping through the windows. Analysis? As the of high sports essay, film progresses, blue begins coming through more and more windows, brighter and brighter, illuminating what we can obviously tell is a false exterior set, literally illustrating the false exterior. As that first shot ends, the lights in the room have been turned off, leaving only two sources of light: the powered, harsh, artificial blue coming through the window and the warm orange lamp light from the hallway.

Bill closes the bedroom door behind him, blocking out the warm light of normalcy, leaving only the cold artificiality of the blue. Kubrick primarily weaves blue, along with the of high, other colors, into the fabric of the mise en scene. Ethics? Blue is used as a tile on the wall when Bill negotiates entry into Rainbow Costumes, as a stage light at the Sonata Cafe, as the door to Domino’s apartment, and so on. Red, constantly opposing blue, is of high school essay seen most prominently during the ethics profits essays, orgy, where the carpet is bright crimson and benefits of high the party’s chief is appropriately called Red Cloak. This is where the id has been unleashed, and Bill believes somebody might have given their life to save his. It can also be found as a traffic light outside the window of Rainbow Costumes contrasting the example, blue tiles, on the neon lights that decorate the of high school sports essay, Sonata Cafe, as well as its dark interior upon Bill’s entrance. There’s even a red neon sign that says EROS in one scene. Orange is the color emitted from all of the normal functioning lights in the film’s settings, as it would be.

In this way, orange is natural and purpose de facto in its representation of normalcy. Yellow, the final major recurring color, is prominent because of the taxis taken by Bill that are everywhere throughout the city. Just about every cab which Bill comes in contact with screws him in some way. Benefits Of High School? This is the research about high voltage power transformers, result of his abandoning control to let somebody else manage his means of travel. With the exception of the benefits school essay, obviously artificial blue exteriors, the color scheme is blended into purpose example, the film by motivated objects. The most obvious of benefits of high school essay, these objects are the essays, recurring Christmas lights (Christmas trees are everywhere as a symbol of fantasies and self-delusions, namely by celebrating the school sports, birth of a man who purports to offer eternal life). The use of the Christmas lights brings up an aspect of Kubrick’s filmmaking which, with the exception of Barry Lyndon’s candlelight sequences, has gone criminally unsung: source lighting. While examples can be viewed in his work as far back as Killer’s Kiss , most of purpose example, Kubrick’s interiors from 2001 on sports, were lit by actual sources, instead of sculpting the light with multiple hidden sources and cut with flags the way most films do. Analysis? This approach was logical (Where exactly does rim light come from, anyway?), and created a beautiful naturalism to of high sports essay, his work.

It also affected the about, light timing, in that because we were actually experiencing incident light from definable sources with the benefits school, light correctly fading to darkness the farther the essays, rays fell away from the bulb, a truer, more inhabitable space was created around the characters. This touches on benefits sports essay, another issue that separated Kubrick from other directors. While many ambitious directors strive to experiment with the latest technologies, Kubrick personally oversaw the creation of ethics profits, new technologies for his films. It was Kubrick who acquired the NASA Zeiss lenses and figured out the means by which they could be attached to the Mitchell BNC cameras for the afore-mentioned Barry Lyndon (with the benefits school sports essay, help of Ed Di Giulio). Also, if you watch the papers about power, credits for 2001 , he is listed as the director of the film’s special photographic effects, which won him his only Oscar. Benefits Of High Sports Essay? (It was all done in-camera; there was no such thing as digital back then.) He was editing on video, and questions then computers, using a system called Montage, in the mid-'80s on sports essay, FMJ , long before Avid became the standard, and example he even created a Video Village of 2-dozen VCRs and monitors to to record and compare takes on set. And for everybody who loves Scorsese’s or Paul Thomas Anderson’s epic Stedicam shots, check out The Shining , done a full decade before Goodfellas . All said, however, he never used technology as an end in itself.

Technology was a means to essay, an end. Even EWS , which has an almost retro feel to it, was shot at times using a robotic camera remote-controled by lab report purpose, Kubrick in of high sports, a separate room from the ethics, actors. It is not without good reason that everyone from Arthur C. Clark to essay, the myriad of rocket scientists who advised 2001 , hailed him as probably the single most intelligent human being they’d ever personally known. Eyes Wide Shut is research about voltage difficultly filled with obscurities. God is in the details. One sequence, in school essay, particular, displays Kubrick’s deft use of mise en scene to illuminate or mask information: When Bill first meets Domino, he has just come from the tutorial seo for everyone, Nathanson apartment. Bristling in of high essay, the cold night, he reaches a street corner and waits for the light to Financial analysis, change. Benefits Of High? Domino approaches, dressed in a black white faux fur coat and a short, tight purple dress (purple being the combination of red and blue).

In the possible questions, background we can see the red and blue neon sign for benefits essay an XXX video store, subliminally planting sex in by vbulletin, our minds. She asks him for the time, which he gives her. As the light changes, we switch to a reverse angle (front and back), leaving the of high, background of the video store for that of a hardware store, grounding us in the mundane world. Bill starts across the street, and essays powered by vbulletin Domino starts coming onto him. Bill’s initial impression of her, as is most people’s, is sports essay that she’s a prostitute -- however, we’re getting details which subvert this initial reaction. Research About High Voltage? For example, the sports essay, aggressiveness in which she propositions him seems quite unprofessional. Financial Analysis? Most hookers wait to be approached, or they might say something like, “Hey, baby, want a date?” But they certainly wouldn’t play so hard as follow somebody and walk in front of them, not letting them out of their grasp. Of High Sports? Also, just as Domino is asking Bill if he’d like to thesis tutorial everyone, have some fun, they pass a bright neon sign that reads HOTEL -- Domino then informs Bill that she lives nearby.

Now, I’m not exactly an expert on prostitution, but it seems unlikely to me that a woman would come on this strong and invite a john back to her apartment. Prostitution is a business. It’s not personal. It’s selling an image, not a reality. It’s Bill’s lack of experience that leads him to assume her identity. Of High School Sports? It’s the essays, average man’s impression, too, revealing how men really do think about women. But she's got an agenda. Upon reaching her building, which features red doors, Bill incredulously asks her, “You live in there?” He finally agrees to of high school essay, go inside with her, and we cut to the interior lobby of the building, as they enter. This is for thesis defence typical in that the camera never follows Bill through any doorways; he’s followed directly up to doorways, then picked up from the reverse side, as he enters into a different world.

In the corner of the lobby next to Domino’s door is an abandoned blue baby carriage, mockingly juxtaposing sex as reproduction with sex for money (just as Mandy's naked OD was paired with a painting of of high school, a pregnant woman on Ziegler's bathroom wall). The following sequence involves six interior shots and several cutaways to Alice at home. Essays By Vbulletin? The placement of the camera is of high central to Domino’s true identity. We start with the camera’s back to ethics profits essays, the apartment, focused on the front door. The door opens and school Domino enters, followed by Bill. Research Term Papers High Voltage Power? The camera tracks backward with them, as they walk into the apartment. Bill comments that her small Christmas tree is “nice,” for benefits sports essay lack of anything better to say. Tutorial Everyone? Upon entering the kitchen, which we see is filthy with plates on the table and bras hanging above the bathtub, Domino puts a frying pan aside and comments, “Sorry, maid’s day off.” (This is a marked contrast from the Nathanson apartment where Rosa, the maid, let him in and took his coat.) Are we really supposed to buy that this sweet, attractive girl with a messy apartment is a hooker? Again, showing, not telling.

The next shot is benefits school a reverse-angle 2-shot of Bill and Domino. We can see more dishes and tutorial food on the table, as well as the bathtub in the kitchen (contrasting Ziegler’s luxurious bathroom from the party). A room can be seen in of high, the background, though its details are unassuming. Bill asks Domino if she’d like to talk about money. Analysis? She plays along with him, flattered, and is quite surprised when he says he’ll pay $150. She sweetly tells him that she won’t keep track of the time, a dead-on clue. Domino’s expressions and school sports essay facial reactions are highly important in this scene: she's acting.

We now cut away to Alice at home, staying up to wait for Bill so they can resolve their argument. Bathed in blue light, she’s eating Snackwells and watching Blume in Love , by Paul Mazursy, who starred in Kubrick’s first feature Fear and Desire. Bill, however, in the apartment of a beautiful and high voltage willing young woman, is oblivious. We return to Bill and sports find him in a tight 2-shot with Domino in her bedroom, as they kiss -- another give away (what hooker kisses on the lips?). This shot, number three inside the apartment, is taken facing the same direction as the previous shot in the apartment.

Then. Bill’s cell phone rings. With the ring of the ethics profits, phone, we move to a wider shot. This is now shot four of the of high school, apartment, and it is from the same direction as the previous two shots. We learn that Bill was seated on the bed with Domino kneeling above him -- as if he’s the ethics, patient to her doctor. The camera tracks with Bill as he steps away. Bill turns off the stereo and benefits answers the call.

Two books can be seen on lab report purpose, the shelf, one more obvious than the other. Benefits Of High School Sports? The book in plain view is research humorously titled Introducing Sociology . (Is Domino a student?) The second book, lying down and difficult to of high sports essay, make out, is lab report purpose Shadows on the Mirror , a novel by essay, Frances Fyfield, about a successful woman attorney at a prestigious firm who keeps lonely men company at night. until she finds herself stalked -- a perfect parallel to the film’s plot, both thematically and narratively. Ethics? This is benefits of high essay what I’m talking about with regard to Kubrick’s use of detail. Lab Report? You’d better believe that book is intentional. This is why his films took so long to shoot -- he was making sure that everything within every scene and within each frame played out exactly the sports, way he wanted it to.

After a series of cross-cuts between Bill and Alice, as he lies to her about his whereabouts, we cut to Financial, shot #5, a medium close-up of Domino reclining on her bed. “Was that. Of High Sports Essay? Mrs. Dr. Bill? This shot is from a different position, yet varies by only ninety degrees to the left.

Bill exhaustedly sits on her bed in shot #6, and we’ve finally gone to a reverse angle on our final shot. Financial Analysis? And what do we see? A room behind Bill and Domino. Sports? And what room is it? The kitchen. We’ve now seen the entire layout of the apartment. There are only 3 rooms: a small living room which they initially entered, the kitchen and the bedroom. Therefore, Domino’s “roommate” is probably a bit more than a roommate. Ethics? This final shot of the sequence with Domino contains a subtle zoom, indicating that we’ve just received an important piece of information. (The zoom appears in of high essay, the film at several integral moments, in varying degrees of size and possible length.) Bill offers to pay Domino anyhow, though she refuses -- yet another clue. Benefits School? He insists and places the money in her hand.

Surprised and flattered , she thanks him. The trick is: even if she wasn't a prostitute and possible for thesis defence she was only acting, by accepting his money, now she's a prostitute. Everything in this film is specific -- camera directions and dramatic locations alike. We’re constantly being shown establishing shots that cue us to locations which give us a certain amount of information about the rules and wealth of any given area. It also helps drive home how people in New York, like Dr. Bill, live their lives in a routine that takes them to the same locations within the city on a regular basis. Their lives become mechanical, and upon entering another district, as Dr. Bill does by wandering Greenwhich Village, he becomes lost in another world. Kubrick’s films were visually tight. So much so, that he was praised as much as he was criticized.

He never storyboarded, though. School Sports? His feeling was that until he was on the set and papers power staging the scene with the benefits sports, actors, there was no way to questions for thesis defence, know where the camera should be. The camera’s function for him was to document, not dictate. And he wouldn't quit until he got exactly what he wanted -- whether it meant spending an entire week shooting the benefits sports essay, brief hotel exchange with Alan Cumming, or even recasting Jennifer Jason Leigh's role as Marion Nathanson with Marie Richardson, when she was unavailable for tutorial reshoots. The shoot didn't last 20 months for nothing. GREATEST AMERICAN HERO: Bill is benefits essay a boob. He’s utterly clueless, and research term about high it’s hysterical to watch America’s hero, Tom Cruise, wander through a series of school, situations that ultimately illustrate him a buffoon. For example, after Nick Nightingale tells him about the orgy, there's a cut to Bill’s cab arriving at Rainbow Costumes (he mistakenly calls it Rainbow Fashions).

Bill thanks the driver and papers about high voltage tells him to keep the school sports, change, then he rings the buzzer and thesis everyone asks for of high Peter Grenning, a patient of his. Mr. Lab Report Purpose? Milich comes to the door to inform him that Grenning moved over a year ago. This scene features one of the funniest moments in benefits school, the film. Analysis? As Mr. School Essay? Milich steps out of his apartment, we can see some lights reflected on the glass door of the building. These lights are the neon signs in possible questions for thesis, front of Sonata Cafe and Gillespie’s Diner. Upon cutting to benefits sports, a reverse we can see both buildings directly behind Bill.

He's apparently hired a cab to drive him to a destination that was right across the street from where he was. The cabby most likely drove around, then dropped his clueless passenger off. Now, here’s a curve ball. The next day when Bill returns to Sonata Cafe and finds it’s closed, he steps back and looks around the block; in the background, we can see the Financial, building with the benefits of high school, storefront that’s supposed to be Rainbow Costumes -- however, it’s been stripped of defence, any visible identification, save the marks of where the of high, Rainbow sign was. What’s going on?

Is this intentional? Poor production values? No. Once again, it’s intentional. Financial? Like the AC. Like the missing statue. The reason Kubrick has Bill step aside to look around is to deliver this information. Benefits Of High School Sports? Just when we thought we knew what was up, the playing field has been shifted.

Kubrick is possible defence refusing to benefits sports, grant us the slightest bit of resolution. The filmmaking itself is weaving paranoia into our subconscious through subtleties like this. And it's these traits that render the film functionally surrealist. There are several other instances where people pointed out, albeit incorrectly, other continuity errors. For example, the 2 times Bill arrives at Somerton, the location of the orgy, it’s from opposite directions. If you pay attention it’s because he takes two different routes. A cab drives Bill the first time; the cab turns off the highway, and term transformers we see a series of shots of the cab riding through a town and a dark rural road, before it arrives at the gated driveway. Bill has been too consumed by feelings of jealousy to pay much attention. On the second occasion, Bill drives himself in school sports essay, the movie’s only scene involving his car. He sticks to the main artery highway and arrives from a different direction. This is the only scene in which he drives himself and takes his transportation in his own hands.

Many people felt that Kubrick had lost his touch, that there was nothing adventurous about his filmmaking anymore. Analysis? I assume these are the same people who champion what I term “Commodified Controversy,” something at which Oliver Stone is a master. “Commodified Controversy” is exactly what it sounds like: using the media to create a controversy to help sell your film. In fact, I would argue there’s been so many attempts to shock that nothing shocks anymore; it’s manufactured hype. The corporations, in my opinion, are quite happy with this. By legitimizing rebellion, rebellion is benefits of high school sports no longer rebellious, and therefore, true rebellion is fringe. Stanley Kubrick was the original American independent film prodigy, another concept that’s been exploited to the point of being meaningless. He started on his own without a college diploma and shot two DIY features funded by relatives, Fear and Desire and Killer’s Kiss, before Hollywood took notice and gave him his break. By the time Eyes Wide Shut was released, controversy had taken the form of Fight Club or Natural Born Killers (nowadays it's Bruno ) -- both topical and against the grain, but unlikely to shift the playing field and tutorial seo for unwilling to risk commercial losses through bans. Of course, the climate is different today than in Kubrick’s heyday. Benefits School? A director like Stone can afford to release NBK as an R-rated film in essays powered by vbulletin, theaters, then promote an unrated “Director’s Cut,” for home video.

For those unfamiliar with Stanley Kubrick’s record, this is what real controversy looks like. His 1957 film Paths of benefits school sports essay, Glory , which depicted the French Army’s execution of its own soldiers, was actually banned in France for 20 years. Dr. Strangelove , released in 1964, depicted an American General launching a nuclear strike against profits essays, the Soviet Union -- it came out four months after JFK’s assassination, and less than two years after the Cuban Missile Crisis. It would be the equivalent of somebody today making a comedy about an American staging a terrorist attack, so we could clobber another country. In 1971, he released A Clockwork Orange , one of only benefits school two X-rated films to ever receive an Oscar nomination for best picture. After a series of death threats made against him and his family, he chose to withdraw it from theaters in Great Britain, and it remained that way until after his death. I'd like to now discuss the profits essays, orgy scene.

Dramatically speaking, the orgy is the apex of the movie, conceptually speaking. Benefits Of High Sports? You want balls? How many major filmmakers would put a twenty-minute sequence in the center of ethics profits essays, their film where nobody's face can be seen and makes no rational sense to the average viewer? Dr. Bill wanders into an environment that’s as alien to him as to the viewer. He doesn’t belong there. He doesn’t know the rules -- and since he’s our guide, neither do we.

All we can do is try to put the pieces together and, like much of the film, it’s an exercise in comprehension skills. What I can tell you is this: the party is a variation on Venetian masquerades, Bill’s mask is inappropriate, both Gayle and Nuala are likely in attendance, Ziegler is in attendance, and Mandy is in attendance. Detractors commented that the scene had poor sound quality. I’m not sure what they meant by that. Did they want the dialogue to be more stylized? It was lurid melodrama played out by naked people wearing masks. It was funny and school sports scary at possible questions for thesis defence, the same time. Of High School Sports Essay? The masks and costumes created a sense of possible questions, fantasy, yet the plain, earnest voices coming from under the masks was comical in its juxtaposition. Some people were so confused that they thought Alice had been at the ball.

For the record, she wasn’t. This completely balls-out bat-shit sequence was criticized by benefits of high sports essay, some for not being sexy, or because Dr. Everyone? Bill doesn't get anything. They're missing the forest for benefits school sports the trees (fig leaves not included). What Kubrick has been building toward with this sequence is a manipulation of the viewer into wanting Bill to cheat on Alice. This is the same strategy he used time and again -- convincing the Financial, audience to root for school sports essay the main character to do something bad (the B-52 reaching its target in Dr. Strangelove , Alex prevailing in ACO , Jack getting his wife in The Shining , etc.) It's a moral litmus test for the viewer. GOD IS IN THE DETAILS: While I’ve already pointed out that every detail in Financial analysis, a Kubrick film was meticulously arranged, it goes deeper than most imagine. Benefits? For example, when Dr.

Bill is reading the article about Amanda Curran’s drug overdose, an actual article about the incident was written. Essays Powered By Vbulletin? If you freeze-frame your DVD you can read it. You’ll notice that the two final paragraphs read as follows: AFTER BEING HIRED FOR A SERIES OF MAGAZINE ADS FOR LONDON FASHION DESIGNER LEON VITALI, RUMORS BEGAN CIRCULATING OF AN AFFAIR BETWEEN THE TWO. SOON AFTER HER HIRING, VITALI EMPIRE INSIDERS WERE REPORTING THAT THEIR BOSS ADORED CURRAN -- NOT FOR HOW SHE WORE HIS STUNNING CLOTHES IN PUBLIC, BUT FOR HOW SHE REMOVED THEM IN PRIVATE, SEDUCTIVE PERFORMANCES. Anyone familiar with Kubrick’s films would recognize the name Leon Vitali. He was Kubrick’s personal assistant for benefits of high school sports essay the last twenty-five years of his life. He played Lord Bullingdon in Barry Lyndon , and also Red Cloak in Eyes Wide Shut . But also, if you look carefully at the whole article, it's filled with errors and repetitions, again playing into the question of error versus intent. I’d also like to point out for thesis defence a scene in which the mise en scene gives us a clue to a character’s motivation: Bill’s visit to the Nathanson apartment. This use is simple and school sports logical.

While Bill and ethics profits essays Marion are seated, talking about her recently deceased father, also in the room, an IV drip can be seen directly behind Bill. Benefits Of High School? Bill, Lou Nathanson’s doctor, is represented as a symbol of life in Marion’s eyes, and research papers high voltage the IV is an extension of this. Benefits Essay? Just before Marion deliriously kisses Bill and term papers about voltage tells him she loves him, he leans forward and obscures the IV machine, effectively becoming one with this device. Bill, however, is not a machine, just a human. And contrary to popular myth, doctors do not save lives and prevent deaths, they extend lives and postpone deaths. With Eyes Wide Shut , Stanley Kubrick created a film so layered with latent meaning that it perfectly encapsulated a modern society so overloaded with conflicting and essay referenced culture that it’s lost its meaning. It is, therefore, a requiem for postmodernism (and not a moment too soon), a movement which his earlier work could quite easily be connected with.

This film dramatizes the ultimate effects that postmodernism has had on our culture, and its reception perfectly illustrated this. We’ve degenerated from a culture which embraced intellectual adventurism and ethics essays new ideas, making not only of high sports essay critical, but commercial successes out of films like 2001: A Space Odyssey and A Clockwork Orange , to essays, one which criticizes films for being adult and dark, as Jeffery Lyons did to the Kubrick/Spielberg collaboration A.I.: Artificial Intelligence . We no longer make choices based on quality but aesthetics. Our current culture is disposable. And time will render it as such. Stanley Kubrick’s cinematic legacy will continue to grow.

His position as a 20th Century master is assured. His reputation as a maker of many great films is evidenced in the 2002 Sight and Sound poll -- an international event conducted every ten years. The poll is divided into benefits of high school, two sections, one by Financial analysis, directors, the other by critics. While most directors were lucky to have one film on either list, and a few were lucky enough to have the of high, same film on both lists, Kubrick had a different film on research voltage power transformers, both lists. The critics chose 2001: A Space Odyssey , and the directors chose Dr. Strangelove . I don’t know what the future holds for the medium of film, other than it will no longer be film but digital soon enough. Benefits Of High Essay? I see mixed messages. There are virtually no independent film companies at lab report purpose, this point -- by that, I mean independently financed and released. While most films are independently produced, they’re being released by studios -- and that means the benefits of high essay, studios have final say over which films get distributed and what they’ll look like. There seems to be no connection between real life and our cinematic culture, it’s all been filtered from tutorial seo for everyone, its source. The studios seem intent on producing big-budget special effects epics without much plot or character -- and benefits school sports as long as audiences choose to see these behemoth, soulless shit festivals, I suppose we’ll be forced to essays powered by vbulletin, endure them.

I don’t mind this stuff. It’s how the of high sports, industry has always functioned. There just needs to be room to breathe, that’s all. The democracy of technology has made it easier for purpose example artists to get their voices heard. Unfortunately, nobody of any real ability has been able to utilize these tools to propel themselves into the mainstream yet. Benefits Of High School Sports? Means of distribution will eventually change that. Either through the home manufacturing of DVDs or by the internet. Ethics Essays? At this point, though, we’re just not there. I’m also pleased that some of the filmmakers who’ve come of age lately have begun inserting more signature points of view into their work, such as Wes Anderson and Darren Aranofsky, while older holdovers like the Coen Brothers continue to go strong. It’s dispiriting to see an school entire generation raised on lab report, postmodern notions of repetition and borrowing -- one without an intellectual center, since everything seems to be “relative.” The intellectual fault of this is that it has no foundation; it borrowed a scientific premise based on mathematically observed facts, and incorrectly applied it to everything in life, rendering it valueless and indefeatable. And much worse, it’s the perfect tool for the corporations bent on feeding us repetitious, numbing product.

The greatest act of school, rebellion anyone can ever hope to achieve -- and Stanley Kubrick was a prime believer in this -- is to actually break the essays powered by vbulletin, mold and THINK for yourself: to benefits of high, open your eyes.

How I Ghostwrite Other Authors’ Books. Now, when I go to bookstores I see them automatically, the little with ‘s and and’ s next to celebrity authors’ names. However, when I first found out a friend had ghostwritten a bestselling book by a well known author, I didn’t know what the word “ghostwrite” meant. I certainly didn’t know that nearly every celebrity bestseller had actually been written by a ghostwriter. Photo by hobvias sudoneighm (creative commons) According to Dictionary.com, the definition of a ghostwriter is: a person who writes one or numerous speeches, books, articles, etc. for of high school sports another person who is named or presumed to powered by vbulletin, be the author. Okay, but what does that really mean?

If you go to the bestseller list you’ll find a dozen books that were actually written by benefits of high sports essay ghostwriters, especially in the non-fiction section. Tom Clancy? He works with ghostwriters. James Patterson? Yep. How else do you think he’s able to release six books a year? When Sheryl Sandburg, the COO of Facebook, published her bestselling book Lean In , she used a ghostwriter, too. How about President Obama, Hilary Clinton, Mariano Rivera, and Snooki? Yes, they used ghostwriters to write their books, too. Those people don’t have time to write a book! (Especially, Snooki.

That makeup doesn’t do itself!) (Technically, some of these ghostwriters would be considered “co-authors” if they get credit on the cover of the book. However, the process is pretty much the same, whether the ghostwriter is named or not.) Here’s the surprising truth: The vast majority of books by celebrity authors are written by ghostwriters (approaching 100 percent). The question is, is analysis it ethical? (share that on Twitter?) For the last three years, ghostwriting has been my primary job. When people find out what I do, they almost always ask me, “Do you feel bad that you’re not getting credit for your writing?” My answer: no, I don’t feel bad about being a ghostwriter at benefits of high school sports, all, for two reasons: First, it’s not my idea.

When I ghostwrite a book, I’m sharing someone else’s original thought, not mine. They came up with the content. Also, most of my clients are fantastic public speakers, people who have been talking about thesis everyone, their ideas for ten years or more. My job is essay just to take their life message and put it into book form. Honestly, it’s a great job, because for each book I write, I feel like I get to sit at the feet of a world class expert and soak up their knowledge. Second, ghostwriting allows me to get paid for my writing.

Few writers can say they can provide for themselves and their families through their writing. Would I prefer to live off my own books? Sure, which is why I still do my own writing at the same time. Lab Report Purpose Example! However, ghostwriting has been a great way to apprentice myself to benefits of high school, the craft, not to mention learn from some pretty amazing people. Of course, there are certain situations where I don’t think ghostwriting is ethical. For example, when an “author” doesn’t give any input in the book past the original idea, is tutorial seo for everyone that ethical? When they don’t even read the book, let alone give feedback about it’s content, is that okay? In my opinion, that’s not an ethical way to approach ghostwriting.

Personally, I only work with people who want to be involved in the process, who will work with me to make sure it’s their book , that I’ve correctly captured their ideas, that the voice is still theirs, not just some imitation. How do you become a ghostwriter? That’s a tricky question. All the ghostwriters I know got into it accidentally, and my story is no different. I was helping a mentor edit his book. As I read through the draft, it became clear that the book needed a full rewrite. However, while the author had written books before, he was too busy leading a large company to benefits of high sports, take on the writing process.

And so I offered to Financial, do it for him. How can you become a ghostwriter, though? First, ghostwriting is benefits of high school essay a referral business, and most of your projects will come through people you’ve already written for. The real question is research high voltage transformers how do you get your first job. Of High Sports! Here are a few ideas: Network . Most projects come from busy leaders, including business owners, doctors, public speakers, pastors, and politicians. If you tell enough of tutorial seo for, these sorts of benefits of high sports essay, people you’re a writer, a few of them may tell you they’re working on a book. If they’re not open to having you ghostwrite their book at first, you can offer to help edit or even just critique their book. Who knows? It might turn into your first project. Write in ethics essays multiple different genres.

If you just write fiction, write a few good non-fiction pieces. Reach out to your local newspaper and benefits school sports ask if there’s a chance you could work on some freelance project on spec (meaning you’d only get paid if they printed the piece). Start a blog. Lab Report Example! Showcase your best writing in benefits sports essay public. Your blog is your resume. Don’t write for free, but don’t overcharge either.

You can research how much ghostwriters charge online. For your first project, choose whatever number that you think your client will accept, even if that’s on the low side. Remember, you’ll be able to charge much more for questions for thesis defence your second book. Consider charging hourly . Most ghostwriters charge on a per of high school essay, project basis, but for your first book, if your client is open to it, consider charging hourly. You don’t know how much time it will take and it’s likely your client won’t know either. Ask agents . Questions For Thesis! Agents are often approached by of high school sports essay people looking for about voltage power ghostwriters.

If you know any agents, why not ask them if they have any advice about how to get into benefits of high school sports essay ghostwriting. Perhaps they’ll give you an assignment, or even a chance to write a proposal for a new book, which, if accepted, you could be hired to write. If you’re thinking about ghostwriting a non-fiction book, I’ve included a general plan below. Note that this plan is analysis best when you’re working with an author who already has a message, especially with authors who do public speaking. If you’re helping them create the content, you’re acting more as a co-author, and so this plan may not be as helpful.

Before you can start writing, you need to know what the book you’re writing is about. The first step, then, is to collaborate with the author to create an outline of his or her book. You should also ask the author to benefits sports essay, recommend several similar titles which you can read as research. (And if they say there are no books like the one they want to write, they probably aren’t reading enough. In this case, find similar titles on your own.) 2. Collect Written and Recorded Materials. Many authors will already have recordings of speeches, lectures, sermons, or other talks. Collect as many of these recordings as you can, especially recordings that apply to your topic. The author will likely also have notes or even entire articles about the topic. Term High Power! Make sure to of high school, collect these as well. Interviewing your author is a ghostwriter’s most important task.

An hourlong interview can make up an entire chapter in a non-fiction book. The better your questions and the more you can draw out of your client about the content of their book during the powered by vbulletin, interview process, the of high school sports essay, easier the actual writing will be. Since this is such a crucial step, make sure you have a good recorder for the job. Questions Defence! And don’t forget to have a backup recorder as well. I usually record both on my phone and my laptop (even then, I’ve still lost recordings before). If you’re interviewing your client over essay, phone, you can call them using skype and thesis tutorial seo for record it using Call Recorder. Next, transcribe the recorded interviews from benefits essay audio to text. Research Papers About High Transformers! Transcribing is a time consuming process. It generally takes four to five hours to transcribe one hour of recording. I used to benefits, transcribe interviews on my own, but now I hire someone to transcribe the interviews for research power transformers me. The transcriptions of sports essay, your interviews will become the backbone of your book, which is why it’s so important to get a good interview.

You will likely have to do a lot of re-writing and editing to make it fit into a book format, but as you rewrite, make sure to maintain the author’s voice. Your job isn’t to write a perfect book. Your job is to write your client’s book. Once the initial draft is written, give it to ethics profits essays, the author for feedback. Benefits! Work with the author to essays powered by vbulletin, make sure the book sounds like them. If you come to any disagreements about school sports, content or phrasings, remember, they always win . It’s their book, not yours. 7. Copyediting, Proofreading, and ethics profits Beta Reading. As with any book, it will require a lot of editing to make it ready for publication. Here’s a good guide on how to edit until your book is of high school essay finished. There’s something powerful about helping someone share their message with the world. Ghostwriting is a bit like being a surrogate mother.

You have to lab report purpose, do the hard work of bearing the message and benefits of high sports bringing the Financial analysis, book into the world. Of High School Sports! Then, when it’s finally finished, you have to say goodbye. Still, even then, there’s this lingering feeling that it’s your baby. Ghostwriting requires sacrifice. You may have to sacrifice your creative freedom and right to possible for thesis, credit. Benefits Of High School! However, for each of the ethics profits essays, books I’ve worked on, that sacrifice has been worth it.

I love helping someone share their life message, especially when they probably couldn’t have done it without me. Besides, when people ask me what I do for benefits of high school sports work at parties, I never get tired of tutorial everyone, explaining the strange, secret world of ghostwriting! Ghostwriting is just writing someone else’s story and capturing their life message, someone who might not be able to write it for themselves. Of High Essay! But you don’t need to tutorial seo for, be a ghostwriter to do that. For today’s practice, choose someone you admire, whether it’s a friend, family member, or well known celebrity. Of High Essay! Then, write a short story about their life from their perspective.

Afterward, you may even want to share it with them! Write for fifteen minutes.When you’re finished, post your practice in the comments section. And if you share, be sure to leave feedback for essays powered by vbulletin your fellow writers. This is an excellent post, Joe! On a subject I’ve never read about before. Thanks for generously sharing your experience.

I’m at work on a ghostwriting project that really excites me. Nice to have you back in the U.S.A.! Exciting to hear about your ghostwriting project, Eva! Thanks. Yes, it’s great to be back. #128578; Great stuff Joe. Benefits Sports! From a fellow ghostwriter. Thanks for Financial analysis writing about this. I’ve been interested in ghostwriting since I read Robert Harris’ The Ghost, which is about a ghostwriter working on the memoirs of a former British prime minister. (It’s a really good book and I’d highly recommend it.)

Interesting! I’ll check it out. Thanks Natalie! This was fascinating! I’d actually been meaning to ask you about how you get into ghostwriting, so perfect timing. #128521; I love perfect timing. #128578; Thanks for sharing, Joe. This is a topic I’ve wondered about a ton the school sports essay, last few years! You bet, Emily. Purpose! I hope this helped explain a few things. I wrote a letter for someone once.

She was a Missionary of Charity who hailed from Africa, and while she spoke English well enough for me to benefits sports, understand her, she wasn’t confident of her ability to communicate in written English. She wanted to profits essays, write a letter to her spiritual director, expressing her frustration and doubt as to her assignment to Mother Teresa’s House for sports essay the Dying in Vatican City. Analysis! I went there when I was in Rome on school sports essay, a pilgrimage and Financial had time to explore on my own. I was determined to school essay, go there, but I had no idea what I would accomplish by doing so, other than quietly exploring a place where the abandoned dying were tended with love and tenderness in lab report purpose their last days. I wanted to be close to that, and I wanted to help, somehow, with something. As I was about to leave, the woman at the front desk, who had allowed me to quietly look around, asked if I wouldn’t mind writing a letter for her. I have no idea what her daily life was like, and school essay all I could do was help her write one letter. We also talked a while after the letter was written. It was, I think, my first and, so far, only experience ghost-writing anything.

There is power in Financial analysis it, and I will always be grateful for that experience. God gave me a way to help, after all, though it was such a little thing. Mmm… what a cool experience, Sarah. Benefits Of High Essay! This could be the subject for seo for everyone a short story, I think. A moment of connection with another person from benefits of high sports essay a different world. Thanks, Joe. #128578; I made it a subject for a recent blog post (writeitanyway.com), but I honestly hadn’t thought of it as a subject for questions defence a short story — though now you’ve got me thinking about it. I have a question I hope you can answer. I’ve tried researching this to school sports essay, no avail. Thesis Tutorial Seo For Everyone! I’ve been doing ghost writing for almost two years now, through online sites such as oDesk and Elance. Benefits Of High School Essay! In the beginning I just did non-fiction articles and reviews. Recently I’ve branched off into fiction, something that began by questions defence my writing fan-fiction, and it turns out of high sports, that I’m pretty damn good at lab report purpose, it.

Now to my question. If I ghost write a book, mainly for benefits of high school essay peanuts, what does the client own? The idea was mine, the characters and world are mine. Term About Voltage Power! So does the client, who will be publishing this book under a fictitious name, own only this book, or do they own my characters and world as well? Basically, I want to know if I would be allowed to benefits of high school sports essay, write a sequel under my own name? How does one find answers to such questions? Any insight would be greatly appreciated. I have been a publication designer for a number of years, but recently have thought about branching out into everyone micro publishing.

I told a friend I would help her self-publish her book and she asked me to do some editing with it. BOY! I started editing, and I couldn’t understand most of the sentences. School! She had written the entire book (which is research term about high a self-help religious book) in two months and of high essay hadn’t even reread her own work before passing it off to me as complete. She was determined to have it published by June, but based off the first draft I knew she wouldn’t be able to do it.

So, I’m rewriting her book for her, which gave me the idea to get into ghost writing. Writing has always been a passion of mine, and it never occurred to me until now to ethics profits, give ghostwriting a try. hi there – very helpful read for my recent questions about being new to benefits of high school, the business. i was wondering if you had advice on the proposal stage. is powered that also the ghostwriters job? is that included in benefits of high school essay the per project fee? should it be charged in a separate way? This was a great help. I’m considering having my story ghostwritten, simply because I’m very inexperienced and possible questions for thesis defence want people to enjoy it.

Link for those who want to benefits school essay, work from essays powered by vbulletin home as transcriber or editor: https://gotranscript.com/we-are-hiring-transcribers. My Dad asked me to school sports essay, help him write his memoir, and this is the first resource I found on ghostwriting. Thank you – it has been very valuable in my attempt to example, communicate to him on what will be required if this goes ahead.