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Essay on bullying in high school

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big ip manual resume Activate F5 product registration key. Verify the proper operation of your BIG-IP system. Get up to speed with free self-paced courses. Join the community of 250,000+ technical peers. Advance your career with F5 Certification. Viewport size: 1856 x 354. Viewport size: 1856 x 354. On Bullying In High School? AskF5 Home Knowledge Center BIG-IP LTM BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager: Concepts Health and Performance Monitoring. Introduction to health and performance monitoring.

BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager can monitor the health or performance of dissertation, either pool members or nodes. Local Traffic Manager supports these methods of monitoring: Simple monitoring Simple monitoring merely determines whether the status of essay in high school, a node is up or down . Simple monitors do not monitor pool members (and therefore, individual protocols, services, or applications on a node), but only the node itself. The system contains two types of simple monitors, ICMP and TCP_ECHO. Active monitoring Active monitoring checks the status of a pool member or node on an ongoing basis, at a set interval. If a pool member or node being checked does not respond within a specified timeout period, or the status of essays in love, a node indicates that performance is degraded, Local Traffic Manager can redirect the traffic to on bullying another pool member or node. There are many types of active monitors. Each type of thesis, active monitor checks the status of a particular protocol, service, or application. On Bullying? For example, one type of monitor is HTTP. Argumentative On School Be Compulsory? An HTTP type of monitor allows you to monitor the availability of the HTTP service on on bullying school a pool, pool member, or node. Essay Be Compulsory? A WMI type of monitor allows you to essay monitor the performance of a node that is running the Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) software.

Active monitors fall into two categories: Extended Content Verification (ECV) monitors, and thesis statement global Extended Application Verification (EAV) monitors. In the short description, briefly describe the purpose and intent of the information contained in this topic. This element is an F5 requirement. Works well when you only on bullying need to determine the up or down status of essays, a node. Can check the health of a node only, and not a pool member. Can check for specific responses Can run with or without client traffic. Essay In High School? Creates additional network traffic beyond the client request and server response Can be slow to mark a pool member as down.

Creates no additional network traffic beyond the client request and server response Can mark a pool member as down quickly, as long as there is some amount of uniforms should, network traffic. Cannot check for specific responses Can potentially be slow to mark a pool member as up. Every monitor consists of settings with values. The settings and on bullying in high their values differ depending on the type of buying a paper, monitor. In some cases, Local Traffic Manager assigns default values. This example shows that an on bullying in high school ICMP-type monitor has these settings and arthritis dissertation default values. School? The settings specify that an for school ICMP type of monitor is configured to check the status of an IP address every five seconds, and to time out every 16 seconds. The destination IP address that the essay in high, monitor checks is for school specified by the Alias Address setting, with the value * All Addresses . Thus, in the example, all IP addresses with which the monitor is associated are checked.

Name my_icmp Type ICMP Interval 5 Timeout 16 Transparent No Alias Address * All Addresses. Overview of monitor implementation. You implement monitors using either the Configuration utility or a command line utility. The task of implementing a monitor varies depending on whether you are using a pre-configured monitor or creating a custom monitor. A pre-configured monitor is an essay on bullying in high existing monitor that Local Traffic Manager provides for you, with its settings already configured. Boston College Essays? A custom monitor is a monitor that you create based on one of the allowed monitor types.

If you want to implement a pre-configured monitor, you need only associate the monitor with a pool, pool member, or node, and then configure the virtual server to reference the essay in high school, relevant pool. If you want to implement a custom monitor, you must first create the custom monitor. Then you can associate the custom monitor with a pool, pool member, or node, and arthritis configure the virtual server to reference the essay on bullying in high school, pool. For a subset of monitor types, Local Traffic Manager includes a set of pre-configured monitors. You cannot modify pre-configured monitor settings, as they are intended to be used as is. The purpose of a pre-configured monitor is to eliminate the need for you to explicitly create a monitor. You use a pre-configured monitor when the values of the settings meet your needs as is.

The names of the pre-configured monitors that Local Traffic Manager includes are: An example of a pre-configured monitor is the boston supplement, icmp monitor. Essay On Bullying School? The example shows the icmp monitor, with values configured for its Interval , Timeout , and Alias Address settings. Note that the Interval value is 5 , the Timeout value is thesis statement global warming 16 , the Transparent value is No , and the Alias Address value is essay on bullying in high * All Addresses . If the Interval, Timeout, Transparent, and Alias Address values meet your needs, you simply assign the icmp pre-configured monitor directly to a pool, pool member, or node, using the Pools or Nodes screens within the Configuration utility. Is Sport Good For Us Essay? In this case, you do not need to use the Monitors screens, unless you simply want to view the values of the essay on bullying in high school, pre-configured monitor settings. Is Sport Good For Us? Name icmp Type ICMP Interval 5 Timeout 16 Transparent No Alias Address * All Addresses.

You create a custom monitor when the values defined in a pre-configured monitor do not meet your needs, or no pre-configured monitor exists for the type of monitor you are creating. When you create a custom monitor, you use the Configuration utility or a command line utility to: give the monitor a unique name, specify a monitor type, and, if a monitor of that type already exists, import settings and in high their values from the existing monitor. Argumentative Essay Should? You can then change the values of any imported settings. In High? You must base each custom monitor on a monitor type. When you create a monitor, the Configuration utility displays a list of essay uniforms should, monitor types. To specify a monitor type, simply choose the essay on bullying in high school, one that corresponds to the service you want to check. For example, if you want to for school want to create a monitor that checks the in high school, health of the HTTP service on a pool, you choose HTTP as the good for us, monitor type. Essay On Bullying In High School? If you want to buying a paper for school check more than one service on a pool or pool member (for example HTTP and HTTPS), you can associate more than one monitor on that pool or pool member. Checking services is not the only reason for implementing a monitor.

If you want to verify only that the destination IP address is alive, or that the path to it through a transparent node is alive, use one of the simple monitors, icmp or tcp_echo . Or, if you want to verify TCP only, use the monitor tcp . Importing settings from a pre-configured monitor. If a pre-configured monitor exists that corresponds to the type of custom monitor you are creating, you can import the settings and values of in high school, that pre-configured monitor into the custom monitor. You are then free to change those setting values to suit your needs. For example, if you create a custom monitor called my_icmp , the monitor can inherit the settings and values of the pre-configured monitor icmp . This ability to import existing setting values is useful when you want to retain some setting values for your new monitor but modify others. The example shows a custom ICMP-type monitor called my_icmp , which is based on de botton the pre-configured monitor icmp . Note that the Interval value is changed to 10 , and the Timeout value is 20 . Essay In High? The other settings retain the values defined in the pre-configured monitor.

Name my_icmp Type ICMP Interval 10 Timeout 20 Transparent No Alias Address * All Addresses. Buying? Importing settings from a custom monitor. You can import settings from another custom monitor instead of from in high, a pre-configured monitor. This is useful when you would rather use the dissertation, setting values defined in another custom monitor, or when no pre-configured monitor exists for the type of school, monitor you are creating. For example, if you create a custom monitor called my_oracle_server2 , you can import settings from an existing Oracle-type monitor such as my_oracle_server1 . Arthritis? In this case, because Local Traffic Manager does not provide a pre-configured Oracle-type monitor, a custom monitor is the only kind of monitor from which you can import setting values. Selecting a monitor is straightforward. Like icmp , each of the monitors has a Type setting based on essay on bullying in high school the type of service it checks, for example, http , https , ftp , pop3 , and takes that type as its name. Dissertation? (Exceptions are port-specific monitors, like the external monitor, which calls a user-supplied program.) By default, the in high, value for the Alias Address setting in essays, the monitors is essay on bullying in high school set to for school the wildcard * Addresses , and the Alias Service Port setting is essay on bullying school set to the wildcard * Ports . This value causes the monitor instance created for a pool, pool member, or node to take that node’s address or address and port as its destination. You can, however, replace either or both wildcard symbols with an explicit destination value, by creating a custom monitor. An explicit value for the Alias Address and/or Alias Service Port setting is used to boston college force the instance destination to a specific address and/or port which might not be that of the essay, pool, pool member, or node. On School Uniforms Should? The ECV monitor types HTTP, HTTPS, and essay on bullying in high school TCP include the settings Send String and Receive String for the send string and receive expression, respectively.

The most common Send String value is GET / , which retrieves a default HTML page for a web site. Good For Us Essay? To retrieve a specific page from a web site, you can enter a Send String value that is a fully qualified path name: The Receive String value is the text string that the school, monitor looks for in the thesis statement global warming, returned resource. The most common Receive String values contain a text string that is included in a particular HTML page on your site. The text string can be regular text, HTML tags, or image names. The sample Receive String value below searches for a standard HTML tag: You can also use the default null Receive String value [] . In this case, any content retrieved is considered a match.

If both the in high school, Send String and essay on school should be compulsory Receive String fields are left empty, only a simple connection check is performed. Essay School? For HTTP and FTP monitor types, you can use the special values GET or hurl in place of Send String and is sport for us essay Receive String values. On Bullying In High? For FTP monitors specifically, the GET value should specify the full path to the file to retrieve. The normal and default behavior for a monitor is to essays de botton ping the destination pool, pool member, or node by an unspecified route, and to mark the node up if the test is successful. On Bullying In High? However, with certain monitor types, you can specify a route through which the monitor pings the destination server. You configure this by specifying the Transparent or Reverse setting within a custom monitor. Sometimes it is statement global warming necessary to essay in high school ping the aliased destination through a transparent pool, pool member, or node. Alain De Botton? When you create a custom monitor and set the Transparent setting to Yes, Local Traffic Manager forces the monitor to ping through the pool, pool member, or node with which it is associated (usually a firewall) to the pool, pool member, or node. (That is, if there are two firewalls in a load balancing pool, the destination pool, pool member, or node is always pinged through the pool, pool member, or node specified; not through the pool, pool member, or node selected by on bullying school the load balancing method.) In this way, the transparent pool, pool member, or node is tested: if there is buying no response, the essay in high school, transparent pool, pool member, or node is marked as down . Common examples are checking a router, or checking a mail or FTP server through a firewall. Is Sport Good For Us Essay? For example, you might want to essay check the router address 10.10.10.53:80 through a transparent firewall 10.10.10.101:80 . To do this, you create a monitor called http_trans in which you specify 10.10.10.53:80 as the monitor destination address, and set the Transparent setting to essays in love de botton Yes.

Then you associate the monitor http_trans with the essay on bullying school, transparent pool, pool member, or node. This causes the college supplement essays, monitor to check the address 10.10.10 53:80 through 10.10.10.101:80 . (In other words, the in high, BIG-IP system routes the check of 10.10.10.53:80 through 10.10.10.101:80 .) If the correct response is not received from 10.10.10.53:80 , then 10.10.10.101:80 is marked down . Alain De Botton Online? With the Reverse setting set to Yes, the monitor marks the pool, pool member, or node down when the test is successful. For example, if the content on your web site home page is essay on bullying school dynamic and thesis changes frequently, you may want to set up a reverse ECV service check that looks for in high school the string Error . A match for this string means that the web server was down . Monitors that contain the in love, Transparent or Reverse settings. This table shows the essay on bullying in high school, monitors that contain either the essay, Transparent setting or both the essay, Reverse and in love alain Transparent settings. By default, when a monitor detects that a resource (that is, a node or a pool member) is unavailable, the essay on bullying, BIG-IP system marks the resource as down and routes traffic to the next appropriate resource as dictated by arthritis the active load balancing method. When the monitor next determines that the resource is available again, the essay, BIG-IP system marks the resource as up and immediately considers the resource to be available for load balancing connection requests. While this process is appropriate for most resources, there are situations where you want to manually designate a resource as available, rather than allow the BIG-IP system to boston 2013 do that automatically. You can manually designate a resource as available by configuring the Manual Resume setting of the monitor. For example, consider a monitor that you assigned to essay on bullying school a resource to track the availability of an HTML file, index.html , for a web site.

During the course of a business day, you decide that you need to warming restart the system that hosts the web site. The monitor detects the restart action and informs the BIG-IP system that the resource is on bullying in high school now unavailable. Essays In Love De Botton? When the system restarts, the monitor detects that the index.html file is available, and begins sending connection requests to the web site. However, the rest of the school, web site might not be ready to receive connection requests. Consequently, the for us essay, BIG-IP system sends connection requests to the web site before the site can respond effectively.

To prevent this problem, you can configure the Manual Resume setting of the monitor. On Bullying In High? When you set the Manual Resume setting to Yes, you ensure that the BIG-IP system considers the resource to be unavailable until you manually enable that resource. If you have a resource (such as a pool member or node) that a monitor marked as down , and the resource has subsequently become available again, you must manually re-enable that resource if the monitor’s Manual Resume setting is set to Yes. Manually re-enabling the resource allows the BIG-IP system to resume sending connections to that resource. The procedure for manually re-enabling a resource varies depending on whether the resource is a pool, a pool member, or a node. By default, the BIG-IP system marks a pool member or node as up immediately upon receipt of the a paper for school, first correct response to a ping command. The Time Until Up feature provides a way to adjust the default behavior.

This feature allows the system to delay the marking of a pool member or node as up for on bullying some number of seconds after receipt of the first correct response. Dissertation? The purpose of school, this feature is to ensure that the boston college supplement, monitor marks the pool member or node as up only after the pool member or node has consistently responded correctly to on bullying in high the BIG-IP system during the defined time period. With this feature, you ensure that a pool member or node that is available only momentarily, after sending one correct response, is not marked as up. A Time Until Up value of 0 causes the default behavior. When the Time Until Up value is a non-0 value, the BIG-IP system marks a pool member or node as up only when all pool member or node responses during the Time Until Up period are correct.

You can configure Dynamic Ratio load balancing for pools that consist of RealNetworks RealServer servers, Microsoft Windows servers equipped with Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), or any server equipped with an SNMP agent such as the UC Davis SNMP agent or Windows 2000 Server SNMP agent. To implement Dynamic Ratio load balancing for these types of good for us, servers, BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager provides a special monitor plug-in file and a performance monitor for each type of essay on bullying, server. The exception is a server equipped with an SNMP agent. In this case, Local Traffic Manager provides the monitor only; no special plug-in file is required for a server running an SNMP agent. You must install the monitor plug-in on each server to be monitored, and you must create a performance monitor that resides on the BIG-IP system. Once you have created a monitor, the monitor communicates directly with the server plug-in. Monitor plug-ins and argumentative uniforms corresponding monitor templates. For each server type, this table shows the required monitor plug-in and the corresponding performance monitor types. Monitor association with pools and nodes. You must associate a monitor with the server or servers to be monitored. The server or servers can be either a pool, a pool member, or a node, depending on the monitor type.

You can associate a monitor with a server in any of these ways: Monitor-to-pool association This type of association associates a monitor with an entire load balancing pool. Essay On Bullying School? In this case, the monitor checks all members of the pool. For example, you can create an instance of the monitor http for every member of the pool my_pool , thus ensuring that all members of that pool are checked. Monitor-to-pool member association This type of association associates a monitor with an individual pool member, that is, an IP address and is sport for us service. In this case, the monitor checks only that pool member and not any other members of the pool. In High? For example, you can create an instance of the monitor http for pool member 10.10.10.10:80 of my_pool . Monitor-to-node association This type of association associates a monitor with a specific node. In this case, the monitor checks only the node itself, and not any services running on that node. For example, you can create an instance of the monitor icmp for node 10.10.10.10 . In this case, the thesis statement global warming, monitor checks the specific node only, and not any services running on that node.

You can designate a monitor as the default monitor that you want Local Traffic Manager to associate with one or more nodes. Essay? In this case, any node to buying a paper which you have not specifically assigned a monitor inherits the in high, default monitor. Some monitor types are designed for association with nodes only, and not pools or pool members. Other monitor types are intended for association with pools and pool members only, and not nodes. Node-only monitors specify a destination address in the format of an IP address with no service port (for example, 10.10.10.2 ). Conversely, monitors that you can associate with nodes, pools, and pool members specify a destination address in the format of an IP address and service port (for example, 10.10.10.2:80 ). Essays In Love Online? Therefore, when you use the Configuration utility to associate a monitor with a pool, pool member, or node, the utility displays only those pre-configured monitors that are designed for association with that server. On Bullying School? For example, you cannot associate the monitor icmp with a pool or its members, since the icmp monitor is designed to check the status of a node itself and not any service running on that node. When you associate a monitor with a server, Local Traffic Manager automatically creates an instance of that monitor for that server. A monitor association thus creates an supplement essays 2013 instance of on bullying school, a monitor for each server that you specify. This means that you can have multiple instances of the same monitor running on arthritis dissertation your servers.

Because instances of monitors are not partitioned objects, a user can enable or disable an instance of essay on bullying in high, a monitor without having permission to manage the associated pool or pool member. For example, a user with the Manager role, who can access partition AppA only, can enable or disable monitor instances for a pool that resides in a paper for school, partition Common . However, that user cannot perform operations on the pool or pool members that are associated with the essay on bullying school, monitor. Although this is correct functionality, the user might not expect this behavior. College 2013? You can prevent this unexpected behavior by ensuring that all pools and pool members associated with monitor instances reside in the same partition.

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History of Political Economy: Physiocracy. Source: Chapter two of Keizaigaku shi (History of Political Economy), Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1954; Translated : for marxists.org by Michael Schauerte; CopyLeft : Creative Commons (Attribute ShareAlike) marxists.org 2007. The following is the second chapter from Kuruma’s book Keizaigaku shi (History of Political Economy) first published in 1948 by Kawade Shob#333; and reissued in an expanded edition in 1954 by Iwanami Shoten. My translation is based on this latter edition. Kuruma’s history consists of three chapters: Chapter one which provides a short overview of the essay in high school, history of political economy as a science; Chapter two on Quesnay and the Physiocrats; and arthritis dissertation Chapter three on the thought of Smith and in high Ricardo, particularly as it concerns the labor theory of value. Chapter three has been published separately in the 2007 issue of essay uniforms should, Research in Political Economy as an article entitled: “A Critique of Classical Political Economy.” Physiocracy is a school of thought founded by François Quesnay (1694-1774), a court physician to King Louis the 15th.

At one point in time Physiocracy constituted a sort of religious movement that attracted a number of outstanding and extremely fervent believers, and exerted no small influence on real politics. The history of the Physiocratic movement is thought to have begun in 1757, when Quesnay met Mirabeau the elder (1715-89), and in high school come to an end in 1776, with the essays in love online, fall of Turgot (1727-81). On Bullying! The actual members of the Physiocratic school referred to supplement essays 2013 themselves not as Physiocrats but as économistes . The term “physiocracy” apparently came into general use after having first appeared in 1767, with the on bullying in high school, appearance of a collection of Quesnay’s works published by Pierre du Pont under the title Physiocratie, ou Constitution Naturelle du Gouvernement le Plus Avantageux au Genre Humain . The term is of course a combination of “physio” (nature) and “cracy” (rule), thus meaning the “rule of arthritis, nature.” This expresses the school’s fundamental idea that there is a natural order, as opposed to artificial systems, and that the mission of scholarship and politics being to understand this natural order and bring it into existence, thereby bringing about this rule of nature. Essay On Bullying In High School! [1] Quesnay’s Tableau Economique , which is the essence of his system of is sport, political economy, is a diagram that depicts the process of social reproduction under the “natural order.” It was printed at Versailles in 1758, with a print run of just four copies. Initially Quesnay had intended to present it along with Extraits des Economies royals de M. de Sully but gave up this idea on essay on bullying school, the advice of Madame de Pompadour. But the manuscript containing it, written in Quesnay’s own hand, was discovered among the papers of Mirabeau in 1890 in the Archives Nationales by argumentative essay be compulsory Professor Stephan Bauer. At that time Bauer also discovered the second edition of the Tableau Economique , which had been published in the spring of 1759, with a print run of three copies.

At the end of essay on bullying in high school, that year a third edition of thesis, three copies was published, which was later discovered by Gustave Schelle. Essay On Bullying School! In addition to these editions, there is the Tableau Economique avec ses Explications included in Mirabeau’s L’Ami des Hommes (1760), as well as the table in Mirabeau’s Philosophie Rurale (1763) and essays L’Elements de la Philosophie Rurale (1767), and the tables that appear in essay on bullying in high school, other works. The figures in thesis warming, the various tables are somewhat different, but the basic structure is the same. There is one table created by Quesnay himself that was quite different from the others, namely the “Formula of the Tableau Economique ” published in his Analyse du Tableau Economique . To distinguish this table from the others, it is referred to school as the dissertation, Tableau Abrégé (abridged table). Quesnay set out in Analyse du Tableau Economique to clarify the true significance of his economic table, in a manner accessible to essay on bullying in high school the general public, and the table was revised accordingly. He made a step forward in terms of content compared to the earlier tables. Most importantly, whereas previous tables had depicted the circulation between the three main classes as circulation between individuals belonging to each of those classes, the Tableau Abrégé depicts this from the outset as circulation between classes as a whole. And whereas the for school, other tables depict a continually repeating process, the abridged table generally indicates all of the circulation during a year of production in accordance with the particular functions in the national economy. Furthermore, the relations of reproduction for essay on bullying each type of “advance” (capital) are clarified to a much greater extent. Thus, although the Tableau Abrégé , as its name indicates, is much more simplified, Quesnay’s simplification eliminated the extraneous and held on to the arthritis dissertation, necessary.

For these reasons, my explanation here will focus exclusively on this abridged table. Quesnay’s Tableau Abrégé in Analyse du Tableau Economique is displayed above (Diagram I), and below it is the revised version of Prof. Bauer (Diagram II). [2] . In the Tableau Economique , the on bullying in high school, country is broadly divided into three classes: the productive class ( classe productive ), the class of proprietors ( class des propriétares ), and the sterile (or unproductive) class ( classe sterile ). The productive class comprises those involved in agriculture. We should note, however, that the thesis statement warming, term refers to capitalist entrepreneurs who rent land and hire workers, so it is premised here that agriculture is essay in high conducted under capitalistic methods. This class is thesis global said to be “productive” because it alone is thought to produce the produit net (net product), which is the surplus over and above what is in high school consumed in boston supplement essays 2013, production.

The class of proprietors includes proprietors in a particular sense, i.e. landowners, as well as the lords and the tithe-owners who earn a ten percent tax ( décimateur ). This class lives by obtaining profit created by the productive class, rather than engaging in school, productive endeavors themselves. Finally, the sterile class includes those engaged in affairs outside of agriculture. This class is called “sterile”—or unproductive—because they were thought to only add to the value of the raw materials—which are supplied by the productive class—the value of the materials of livelihood that they also received from the productive class. Quesnay’s economic table seeks to elucidate the manner in which simple reproduction is good for us essay carried out in a closed-off nation that comprises these three classes. He supposes certain numerical figures as an indispensable means of precise reasoning. These figures were apparently based on the results of a survey of capitalist-run agriculture in one region of France, with Quesnay supposing that the same production methods are carried out nationwide. On Bullying School! The important thing for buying a paper us today, however, is simply the relations between these figures. According to Quesnay’s assumptions, the productive class first of all engages in agriculture, with ten billion [or milliards in Diagram I] in fixed capital, which he calls “original advances” ( avances primitives ), and two billion in circulating capital, or “annual advances” ( avances annuelles ). Of course, the essay school, ten billion in a paper for school, fixed capital is not used up every year, and the annual cost of maintaining this fixed capital is estimated to be one-tenth of on bullying in high, its total value, or one billion (which Quesnay calls les intérets des avances primitives ). The productive class, therefore, expends a total of three billion on production every year. By expending this three billion, the productive class creates products with an aggregate value of five billion, so every year there is a two billion surplus in value in the form of agricultural products.

This surplus of two billion, or rather the surplus agricultural products valued at two billion, is what Physiocrats call the “net product” ( produit net ). This net product is subsequently paid to the class of proprietors in the form of rent, the 10-percent tax, etc. Is Sport Essay! It is assumed, however, that this is a monetary, not an on bullying, in-kind, payment. So it is also supposed that at the end of the year of production, the productive class will have, in addition to supplement 2013 an agricultural product with a value of five billion, two billion in money that can be used to pay rent. The explanation above basically covers the value-relation in Quesnay’s economic table. Turning to its material content, the three billion in money the productive class spends during a year of production is essay on bullying in high made up of two billion in agricultural goods and one billion in manufactured goods, which by the end of the for us essay, production process has been transformed into five billion in agricultural goods. In High! Thus, comparing the beginning and the end of statement, annual production, we see first of all that the two billion in essay on bullying school, agricultural goods has been reproduced in that same form, as agricultural goods, and the one billion in manufactured goods has been replaced by one billion in agricultural goods, while there are two billion in newly created agricultural goods as well. Incidentally, for the total product of five billion, the essays in love alain online, first, two billion component does not enter circulation and is used instead to replenish one part of the capital of the productive class. This does not enter circulation because the economic table only deals with the three main classes, completely setting aside the circulation that takes place within a class.

In contrast, the next, one billion component of the total product cannot, in its form as agricultural goods, again be used by the productive class as productive capital. In order to return this capital of the essay in high school, productive class to a form that is useful in production, it needs to be exchanged for one billion in manufactured goods. Essay! Finally, the remaining two billion component of the product, which represents the surplus, covers the on bullying, two billion in a paper for school, value that must be paid as rent. Therefore, the nature of on bullying in high, this two billion in money used to pay rent is such that after it has flowed back to is sport good essay the productive class it is exchanged with that other class. Thus, of the five billion in agricultural goods, two billion rests in the possession of the productive class, while the remaining three billion is destined to circulate to other classes.

Next, it is supposed that the class of proprietors receives two billion in on bullying in high, income every year. This yearly income, as noted already, represents the net product (surplus in value) created through agriculture in a year, and is payment for the use of land. For School! However, this is not merely land in its natural state, but rather land that is improved through capital investment. Therefore, this two billion in essay school, revenue also includes the value to replace the capital invested in the land (which Quesnay calls les avance forcièrs —i.e. the capital invested for the initial reclamation of the plot of land, the construction of buildings needed for cultivation, and the creation of irrigation canals, drainage, and roads). It is good assumed that this revenue is paid in money, not in-kind.

Finally, it is assumed that the sterile class invests one billion of capital on on bullying, raw materials and consumes one billion in for us essay, materials of livelihood during the course of the year of production, thereby creating two billion in manufactured goods. Furthermore, because it is also assumed that these raw materials and materials of livelihood are composed of agricultural products, it is necessary for the total product of this class to enter circulation and be exchanged for the one billion in raw materials and one billion in materials of livelihood. The circulation depicted in the economic table, under the conditions outlined above, begins with two billion in rent being paid by the productive class to the class of proprietors. This rent comes from the two billion surplus in value created in a year by the productive class, and is paid in money as is suitable to capitalistic production. The class of proprietors uses one billion livres, half of the two billion in money it now possesses, to purchase agricultural products from the productive class which are needed to sustain over the course of a year, including food items and the like. One billion of money is thus returned to the productive class, which has now disposed of one-fifth of its total product (in Bauer’s diagram the downward I arrow represents the flow of money, while the commodity the money is exchanged for essay on bullying flows in the opposite direction).

With its remaining one billion livres, the essay uniforms should be compulsory, class of essay on bullying, proprietors purchases manufactured goods from the sterile class, such as furniture, clothing, etc. So the sterile class converts half of its product into money. This money is then used by the sterile class to purchase needed agricultural goods, such as food, which results in statement warming, a further one billion in money returning to the productive class, which has thus disposed of the on bullying in high school, second fifth of its total product (II 1 and II 2 ). The productive class then spends the one billion in money received to good for us essay purchase manufactured goods from the sterile class, such as agricultural implements to replace those worn out in the course of production [3] . On Bullying In High School! As a result, one billion in money flows to the sterile class, which thus discards the argumentative on school be compulsory, remaining one billion of its total product that was worth two billion. The sterile class then uses the one billion in money to purchase from the essay on bullying school, productive class the food items needed over for us essay, the course of a year.

This means that one billion in essay on bullying school, money again flows to the productive class, which has unloaded the third fifth of its total product (III 1 and III 2 ). If we examine the outcome of this circulation, the in love, entirety of the two billion product of the sterile class and three-fifths of the five-billion product of the productive class have been successfully sold, reaching the hands of the in high, intended consumers. What remains is two-fifths of the productive class’s product, worth two billion. As already noted, however, this remaining product is made up of the grain and foodstuffs the productive class itself requires. Instead of for us, entering the circulation between the three main classes, this is used as is straight away in order for essay on bullying in high school the capital of the productive class to online again assume a productive form. This means that the entire product of society has been disposed of, with the products flowing to where they needed to go. That is not all, however.

At the same time, two billion in money has returned to the hands of the productive class, and the two billion in yearly advances and the one billion that is the worn-out part of the original advances are covered and replenished. Turning to the sterile class, one billion in raw materials and on bullying one billion in materials of livelihood have been replenished. Finally, the class of proprietors possesses the one billion in agricultural goods and one billion in manufactured goods that make up its yearly materials of livelihood. This means that the conditions for a year of life are fully in place, for each of the classes of society, thus ensuring their continued existence, while at the same time putting in place the necessary conditions for production to be carried out on argumentative essay uniforms should be compulsory, the same scale as initially premised. In other words, the continuation of simple reproduction, which is the repetition of production on the same scale as before, has been guaranteed. Here we have presented the gist of Quesnay’s economic table.

It is simply astounding how well suited it is to the grandeur of the ideas, and how simple and to the point it is. Mirabeau may miss the mark in various ways when he says that “there have been, since the world begancthree great inventions” with the first being the “invention of essay on bullying, writing” the second the argumentative essay on school uniforms be compulsory, “invention of money” and the third the “ Oeconomical Table ,” [4] but it is an essay on bullying in high, undeniable fact that Quesnay’s table is one of the most revolutionary achievements within the history of political economy, representing the moment when this field of study finally reaches the essay, point of constituting a scientific system. Essay On Bullying In High School! Not only was the Tableau Economique the first system of political economy, it is also remarkable in the sense that it was the only attempt, prior to essays in love Marx, to depict the reproduction of the total social capital. [5] Marx appropriately noted that: [Quesnay’s Tableau Economique ] was an attempt to portray the whole production process of in high, capital as a process of thesis statement global warming, reproduction, with circulation merely as the form of this reproduction process; and the circulation of essay in high, money only as a phase in the circulation of buying for school, capital; at the same time to include in this reproduction process the origin of revenue, the exchange between capital and revenue, the relation between reproductive consumption and final consumption; and to include in essay, the circulation of college essays, capital the circulation between consumers and producers (in fact between capital and revenue); and finally to present the circulation between the two great divisions of productive labor—raw material production and manufacture—as phases of this reproduction process; and all this depicted in one Tableau which in fact consists of essay school, no more than five lines which link together six points of departure or returncthis was an extremely brilliant conception, incontestably the most brilliant [6] for which political economy had up to then been responsible. [7] In Quesnay’s economic table, instead of statement, each type of economic relation being abstractly observed in isolation, they are observed synthetically. I have just mentioned that Quesnay and Marx were the essay, only ones in the history of political economy to seek to comprehensively consider this issue, but I should note that the former was the creator of political economy as a system whereas the latter brings political economy to its culmination. Is this a mere coincidence or is there some fundamental, underlying social factor? It seems to me that the need to comprehensively consider the economic movement of society is first keenly felt when the economic structure of society as a totality first comes to be an issue.

For this reason, it seems natural that within the is sport good for us, history of essay on bullying in high school, modern political economy—which begins in the midst of the deadlock of the is sport essay, feudal system with the desire to establish capitalism, and essay school comes to an end with a comprehensive critique of capitalism that coincides with the broad unfolding of its contradictions—the desire to boston supplement essays 2013 consider the process of reproduction would appear at the beginning and then at essay on bullying school, the end. I think it could be said this desire gradually recedes from the time of Quesnay to that of Smith, and even further from the arthritis, time of Smith to Ricardo, as a reflection of the steady establishment of capitalist production and the situation where the inner contradictions of the on bullying in high school, capitalist system had yet to be broadly exposed. Contradictions of Physiocracy and the Emergence of the Classical school. The previous section introduced the main content of good, Quesnay’s economic table, indicating that it was a most remarkable system in terms of considering the reproduction process of social capital; an effort not pursued subsequently until the arrival of Marx. We also speculated as to why this attempt was made by the founder of political economy (Quesnay) and the person who brought it to its culmination (Marx). In other words, we focused primarily on the magnificent way the problem is grasped in Quesnay’s economic table, emphasizing the on bullying in high school, points in common between Quesnay and Marx. However, if we compare the content of the two men’s theories, the tremendous distance separating them becomes apparent. Just as the trajectory from the sudden rise of capitalism to its period of decline was propelled forward by boston supplement 2013 the real developmental process of capitalistic relations of production, the progress from the starting point of political economy to its culmination was made possible by the theoretical development of the English Classical school, based first and foremost on the analysis of exchange-value. If we are to understand the great significance of the theoretical development of the Classical school within the history of political economy, particularly the analysis of exchange-value as the fundamental element, we need to go back to the Physiocratic system, examine its content, and clarify its contradictions.

The contradiction particular to this school of thought, which eventually led to essay on bullying school its collapse, can be found in its over-emphasis on agriculture. We have seen that Quesnay’s economic table divides production into a “productive” department and a “sterile” one—with the former including productive endeavors centered on agriculture, whereas everything else is said to be sterile (unproductive). The Physiocrats viewed agriculture alone as productive because a “net product” over and above what is consumed for production is generated, whereas this is not said to be the case in buying a paper for school, other spheres of production. Their argument contains two assertions: (1) a net product must be produced to merit the description “productive” and (2) only agriculture generates this net product. Here I would like to deal with each of the two assertions. The Physiocrats argue that a sphere of production must generate a net product to be productive, but we need to on bullying in high consider their understanding of the buying, term “net product.” In the essay on bullying, economic table, the productive class expends three billion livres every year and ends up creating an agricultural product with a value of five billion livres. In other words, the net product is the surplus agricultural product of two billion livres created during the year. Therefore, even though the net product, to some extent, is understood as arising from the bounty of nature, and is thus grasped in terms of use-value, it is not mere use-value but rather use-value as the bearer of two billion livres, signifying this value component within a total agricultural product worth five billion livres.

It is precisely because of their value that the products are sold to become two billion in money. Arthritis! This money in turn is handed over as rent to the class that enjoys exclusive ownership of the land, which is the fundamental labor requirement for agriculture, and the money makes up the revenue of that class of proprietors. In High School! Thus, the net product, which the Physiocrats posited at the center of their doctrine as the sole source of a nation’s net revenue, is grasped as use-value and as a surplus product, but in the relation above it is understood in arthritis dissertation, the sense of essay on bullying, value or surplus-value instead. In other words, their “net product” can be described as value grasped in the form of a material thing, and at the same time as surplus-value cognized in good for us essay, the form of a surplus agricultural product. Surplus-value is of course the essay on bullying, pivot of the capitalist economy, the ultimate objective and fundamental impetus of capitalist production. From a capitalist perspective, production is above all the production of surplus-value. Thus, Quesnay gets to the heart of modern production when he places net product at the center of his system, making a distinction between productive and unproductive labor on supplement 2013, the basis of whether a net product is on bullying school generated or not.

This basic idea is not particular to Quesnay and his school of thought alone, but rather is a keynote of modern political economy in good essay, its various forms. The doctrine of Mercantilism, first of all, which belongs to the prehistory of political economy, advocated the policy of promoting greater exports than imports paid for essay school in gold and silver in order to use the funds generated to subsidize the protection of export-oriented commerce and industry. This position is an expression of the aforementioned view, in its crudest form. The balance of trade, in the form of an increase of boston supplement essays, gold and silver, is the most visible form of a national surplus in value, and what brings it about, directly speaking, is export-related commerce and industry. The fact that Mercantilists held fast to this highly visible form, overlooking the on bullying in high, ultimate source, reveals their theoretical crudity and arthritis that they were unable to shake free of the realm of practical affairs. As Quesnay correctly argued, commerce is the exchange of things whose own values are already determined, so that value exists even before the transaction. In the case of essay, commerce, as long as equivalents are exchanged, no surplus of profit can be generated, while in a paper for school, the case where non-equivalents are exchanged, the gain on one side is a loss on in high school, the other.

Exchange is merely the realization of already existing value in the form of money, or the transfer of value that is in the hands of statement global, another individual or nation. From an overall perspective, the process of circulation certainly cannot account for the original generation of surplus-value. Herein lies the fundamental defect of in high, Mercantilism as a theoretical system. In order for political economy to constitute itself as a science, it was necessary to move from a partial, to an overall perspective, advancing from the subjective standpoint of merchants and politicians to an objective and theoretical standpoint, tracing our way back from matters concerning the mere realization and distribution of boston college supplement, value, to arrive at its original creation. The focus of attention shifted from the process of circulation to the process of production. And here we have the groundbreaking significance of the essay on bullying, Physiocrats’ distinction between productive and unproductive labor.

As Marx notes, “The Physiocrats transferred the inquiry into the origin of surplus-value from the sphere of circulation into the sphere of argumentative should, direct production, and thereby laid the in high, foundation for the analysis of capitalist production.” [8] The Physiocrats managed to raise this issue, but at the same time they failed to clarify what constitutes value. So they inevitably fell into remarkable confusion regarding value and use-value. On the one hand, they grasped relations pertaining to value in the form of use-value, while on the other hand they confused problems inherent to use-value with problems that pertain to is sport for us essay value. As a result, numerous contradictions and a great deal of confusion arose within their doctrine, as is manifested most clearly in their view on essay on bullying in high school, the productive character of agriculture. First of all, when Physiocrats insist on the productive character of agriculture, this character refers to the production of surplus-value; at the same time, however, as long as it is not made clear what value stems from, it is impossible for supplement essays 2013 them to clarify the general law of the essay school, production of surplus-value. And within agriculture a peculiar situation exists, where agriculture is the department that produces materials of livelihood, so that what the agricultural laborer consumes in production is again reproduced, in the same in-kind form, within the product that they themselves produce.

They consume agricultural products to buying a paper create agricultural products. Moreover, they create more agricultural products than the given amount they consume. Therefore, the difference between the two amounts, without being mediated by the concept of value, can be recognized as a surplus product. [9] This is not the case in the realm of industry, where the in high school, things workers consume and what they create are of a completely different nature. Therefore, the surplus-value created by essays in love de botton industrial workers cannot be recognized in its given form of use-value. Just as ten kilograms of wheat cannot be deducted from one carpet, the materials of livelihood of industrial workers are only first replenished through the exchange of their products. The difference between what the industrial workers consume and what they produce is essay on bullying something abstract and hard to pin down, which can only first be understood through the value-analysis of simple labor. In Love! It is in high school this circumstance that is the primary factor underlying the belief of the Physiocrats that only thesis warming agriculture is productive. Because the Physiocrats did not clarify the character of value, they only grasped the production of surplus-value in essay in high, the form of the production of surplus use-values. As a result, they were unable to recognize the productive character of areas of production other than agriculture. Meanwhile, they directly confused matters inherently related to use-value with those related to buying a paper for school value, thus generating even more confusion regarding the distinction between the concepts of productive and essay in high unproductive.

They believed that agriculture occupies a special place within a society’s economy, as the good for us, sphere that produces the foodstuffs that are the key requirement for human life. Accordingly to this view, without agriculture, and on bullying school therefore without the production of foodstuffs, people would be incapable of maintaining their existence. Argumentative Essay Should Be Compulsory! This means that agriculture is the most fundamental of school, all the essays in love alain, spheres of production, and the reason that some can live without engaging in agriculture is the result of the fact that those engaged in agriculture have created a surplus product in excess of their own consumption. In other words, the surplus agricultural product (“net product”) is the foundation for the lives of essay on bullying, all the other classes, with the statement, independent existence of commerce, industry, and other endeavors merely being flowers that bloom thanks to school those agricultural roots. This view underlies the Physiocrats’ idea that only agriculture is productive, along with their other motives and reasons. Essays! Quesnay also says that the productive class is always independent through the outcome of their own labor, whereas the other classes are isolated because they are unable to obtain the essay in high, materials of livelihood through their unproductive labor. He sees manufacture as a mere offshoot of agriculture, saying that the expansion of the “sterile class” that occurs along with the increase in population and national wealth is made possible by the productive class and the wealth it creates.” Granted, such views in and of themselves are not mistaken. Dissertation! Indeed, they reflect an extremely interesting viewpoint, both theoretically and historically (although the Physiocrats did not developed them in a sufficiently conscious or accurate form). Still, these are problems that clearly pertain directly to use-value , and cannot be the direct criteria for in high school a distinction between the concepts of productive and unproductive in terms of value . It is inappropriate and conceptually confusing to introduce such a view into warming the discussion of the distinction between productive and unproductive.

The confusion stems from the fact that the Physiocrats had become hopelessly perplexed about the intrinsic distinction between productive and unproductive labor. Essay School! But at the same time there is particular significance underlying their view. From the perspective of the historical process of capitalist development, there is in love alain de botton online great significance in essay in high, the line Quesnay drew between agriculture (as the production sphere of the fundamental materials of livelihood) and the other spheres of production, and in his emphasis on the development of the former being the necessary premise for the development of the latter. This historical significance needs to be underscored, in light of the arthritis, commonly held view that the agriculture-centered position of the Physiocrats was nothing more than a valuing of agriculture for its own sake, attributed as a mere reaction against Mercantilism. In fact, however, the journey of history is not a sort of meaningless repetition of action and reaction, but rather a developmental journey that unfolds by essay school means of action and reaction. Likewise, the history of thesis statement global, schools of thought cannot be understood if this relation of development is overlooked. The agriculture-centered view of the Physiocrats cannot be understood as esteeming agriculture for its own sake or as a reaction against mercantilism.

The true historical significance of Physiocracy can first be grasped in line with the necessity of school, capitalistic production as a developmental process. We need to consider the exact significance of this agriculture-centered characteristic of the Physiocrats, which may at first glance seems anti-capitalistic, from the perspective of the development of capitalistic production. Since the online, sphere of production particular to the development of capitalism is industry, not agriculture, what possible relationship could there be between the Physiocrats’ emphasis on essay on bullying school, agricultural development and the development of capitalistic production? Certainly capitalism did first spring forth within industry, and de botton ultimately achieved its own particular development within industry. But in essay in high, order for the capitalistic production that sprang forth within industry to achieve its own development therein, it had to make use of agriculture and was able to achieve the capitalistic transformation of agriculture to some extent. Still, the premise and buying indispensable precondition for in high school the large-scale development of capitalistic production in the industrial sector is the existence of large numbers of property-less laborers and the materials of a paper, livelihood that their wages are converted into. These human and material elements only come into existence as the result of the essay on bullying, capitalistic transformation of agriculture. This transformation means an statement global, increase in the productive power of on bullying school, agricultural labor and at the same time a curbing of the consumption of the agricultural laborers themselves. This in turn reduces the number of essays online, laborers needed while increasing the surplus product. Moreover, this surplus population and surplus product in turn brings into existence property-less wageworkers emancipated from the land, as well as materials of livelihood that are unshackled from a subsistence economy to take the form of commodities. Thus, the wage-laborers and materials of livelihood that emerging industry requires are “separated” from agriculture.

We can seen, then, that the Physiocrats’ emphasis on agriculture, which was the exterior trait of their doctrine, does not signify a mere penchant for agriculture for its own sake as many supporters of this doctrine themselves thought and later historians mistakenly imagined. Rather, quite contrary to on bullying its feudalistic appearance, the Physiocratic position was a manifestation of the need for the capitalistic transformation of agriculture, as a necessary stage in the development of capitalistic production. Indeed, the primary concern of Quesnay was not the particular interests of landed property in good essay, the sector of agriculture, nor the interests of the feudal landowning class, but the accumulation of capital within agriculture and the interests of capitalist agricultural entrepreneurs. Moreover, capital was not to be limited essentially to the domain of essay on bullying school, agriculture. The accumulation of capital within agriculture merely signified the prelude to the coming general development of capitalistic production. The capitalistic essence of the Physiocratic school is also manifested in the two main policies it advocated: (1) A single tax on rent ( impêt unique ) and (2) and warming a laissez-faire economic approach. It hardly merits further mention that both of these polices were clear expressions of the pressing demands of capital at the time. [10] In the discussion thus far, we have analyzed the Physiocrats’ view that only agriculture is productive, which ultimate led to the collapse of this school of school, thought. We saw that they considered the character of being productive in terms of good for us essay, producing surplus-value, and that they were quite correct as far as grasping the gist of surplus-value.

Raising this issue of the creation of surplus-value was clearly a pioneering advance over the Mercantilists. At the same time, though, their understanding was inevitably limited due to the defects in their analysis of value, and their inability to recognize the production of surplus-value in non-agricultural spheres was the natural outcome of not reducing value to general labor. We have also seen that this same defect led them to confuse problems pertaining to use-values with problems pertaining to value, thus introducing, within the fundamental distinction between productive and unproductive, another distinction based upon a separate perspective. The confusion between value and use-value not only muddied the distinction between what is productive and unproductive, but also meant that the particular significance of that separate perspective could not be appropriately developed. Finally, we looked at the historical significance of the Physiocrats’ viewpoint for their own era, which was the dawn of on bullying in high school, capitalistic production. Through our analysis I think we were able to clarify a number of points. Namely, it despite external appearances, there are important elements of truth within the Physiocratic doctrine on the productive character of agriculture. However, these elements became entangled—due to thesis statement global confusion between problems pertaining to value and those pertaining to use-value—with a bias towards agriculture that at first glance seems nonsensical. By disentangling them, from our present-day perspective, we can uncover the following tasks. The first task is the investigation of the production process as the source of surplus-value, while the second task concerns the capitalistic transformation of agriculture as a necessary stage for capitalistic development.

The latter, practical task, was subsequently forcefully achieved on a global scale though the development of history itself, but the first task is inherent to political economy, and therefore its satisfaction remained necessary for the further development of political economy. How was this second task achieved? We have already clarified that the root cause of the Physiocrats’ failure to solve this problem was the defect in their analysis of value. Thus, the higher development required to solve this problem must of course begin with the analysis of value. It was the Classical school, developed in essay on bullying school, England, that analyzed value to global warming reduce it to “labor” and clarified that surplus-value could be generated in any sphere of production. 1. This fundamental view of Quesnay is expressed in the following passages: “Positive legislation consists, then, in the enunciation of the natural laws constituting the essay school, order which is self-evidently the most advantageous possible to men joined together in societycIt is only the understanding of these supreme laws which can ensure the continuing peace and prosperity of an empire; and in love the more a nation applies itself to this science, the greater will be the sway of the natural order in it, and the more correct will its positive order be. In such a nation an unwise law would not be put forward, for essay in high the government and in love alain de botton online the people would immediately perceive its absurdity. “The foundation of society is the subsistence of men and the wealth necessary to provide the authority required to defend them.

Thus it could only be ignorance which would, for example, approve of the introduction of positive laws which militated against in high school the order of the essay, reproduction and the regular annual circulation of the essay on bullying in high school, wealth of a kingdom’s territory. If the torch of reason illuminates the government, all positive laws harmful to society and to is sport for us the sovereign will disappear.” (from Meek, R.L., The Economics of Physiocracy , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp. 54-5) “It is very much in the interests of the essay on bullying in high, proprietors, the sovereign, and the nation as a whole that all taxes should be directly laid on the revenue of the land; for any other form of imposition would be contrary to the natural order, since it would be detrimental to reproduction and to taxation, and the taxes would fall on the taxes themselves. Everything in global, this world is subject to the laws of on bullying school, nature: men are endowed with the intelligence required to understand and is sport good for us observe them; but the great number of factors involved demands that they should be grouped together in comprehensive patterns, which form the foundation of a very far-reaching and self-evident science, whose study is indispensable if we are to avoid mistakes in policy.” (Ibid., p 154) 2. Stephan Bauer’s table appears in his essay “Quesnay’s Tableau Economique” (Economic Journal vol. V. p. 17) 3. In Bauer’s table, for in high school this purchase the one billion in money that flows directly back from the class of proprietors is used (money that returns via I) but this does not necessarily have to be the case. The money that returns from the class of proprietors via the sterile class (via II) could likewise be used; it might also be supposed that the argumentative essay on school should be compulsory, other one billion in money the class of proprietors is holding is used; or it could be supposed that the sterile class, rather than the productive class, is in high school holding one billion in money which is used at the outset to buy products from the productive class (Although in this case instead of III 2 following after lines III 1 it would be II 2 following after II 1 . In any of the above cases, however, money flows back into the hands of the class that initially released it into circulation by traveling back and forth between both classes.) It would also be fine to on school uniforms should be compulsory suppose that each of the two classes separately holds one billion in on bullying in high, money that is then simultaneously used to arthritis dissertation purchase one billion in goods from the other side. (But in this case, instead of money traveling back and forth to flow back to its starting point, it would be transferred to each side.) In Quesnay’s own table, this last situation can be said to have been supposed. 4. Quoted in essay in high school, Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Book I-III, Penguin Books, Middlesex, p. 200. 5. Because the economic table at first glance seems to have not six, but rather five points of departure and arrival, some may have doubts about what Marx has written, but these doubts should dissolve immediately upon considering that the line expressing the warming, money for the advance of rent is essay on bullying in high omitted. 6. Such praise, needless to say, does not mean that Quesnay’s economic table is boston college 2013 perfect as a diagram of the on bullying school, reproduction process of social capital.

Indeed, it has numerous defects, not only in the technique of presentation but also those reflecting an insufficient economic understanding. The most glaring defects include: (1) Even though it is supposed that the productive class has material advances (constant capital) five times greater than annual advances (circulating capital), this is not said to be the case for the sterile (unproductive) class; (2) Despite the is sport good for us, sterile class having annual advances of 2 billion livres, composed of 1 billion in materials of livelihood and 1 billion in raw materials, in the right column under advances only 1 billion is written; (3) Although the on bullying, total sum of reproduction is 1 billion from the 5 billion of the productive class and 2 billion from the sterile class, in the table this total is listed as 5 billion. All three of these cases are clear contradictions from the perspective of the table’s premises. But the essay uniforms be compulsory, more fundamental defects are the following: (1) Quesnay does not elucidate what value is, and is thus unable to understand how surplus-value is essay in high produced, with the outcome being that in essay be compulsory, the economic table the non-agricultural production sphere involving the “sterile” (unproductive) class is said to not produce any surplus-value at all; (2) Related to this lack of understanding, by only concentrating on the distinction, based on the turnover mode of capital, between “original advances” (fixed capital) and “annual advances” (circulating capital), Quesnay overlooks the more fundamental distinction between constant capital (capital invested in means or production) and variable capital (capital invested to purchase labor-power), and therefore is unable to understand the value of the product of capital in the form of constant capital + variable capital + surplus-value (usually indicated as c+v+s). Furthermore, this distinction between constant and variable capital is a distinction based first of all on the valorization function of capital (i.e. the production of surplus-value), but this also has separate importance when considering the reproduction process of social capital. That is, in order for production to be continued on the same scale, the value component of the product of capital that reappears in the value of the on bullying in high, constant capital needs to be transformed again into the form of boston essays, means of production via the circulation process, and therefore represents the demand for the means of production; while the component that reappears in the value of the variable capital needs to on bullying be retransformed into labor-power after being realized in the money-form, and through ultimately being exchanged with the a paper, working class this forms, along with surplus-value, the demand for the materials of livelihood. This has extremely important significance when analyzing the in high school, reproduction process of social capital. But this is not something unconditional. For this, the production spheres that appear in the supply need to be distinguished, in line with the two major categories of demand just mentioned, into: (a) the production department of means of production and alain de botton online (b) the production department of the on bullying school, materials of statement, consumption. (3) In the economic table, however, as already noted, instead of this making distinction, Quesnay distinguishes between the productive class and the unproductive (“sterile”) class. This distinction is essay in high school based on his lack of understanding of the production of surplus-value, but even if we look solely at the content of the distinction between the sphere of agriculture and the sphere of industry, this way of dividing the production departments—in a manner unrelated to the distinction of the elements of capital for production and unrelated to the distinction of the value components of the commodity capital provided—is, needless to say, inappropriate to a paper for school the aim of analyzing the process of reproduction. This point can be further clarified by comparing Quesnay’s economic table with Marx’s schema of reproduction.

Marx discusses the reproduction and circulation of the total social capital in Part three of the second volume of Capital, where his schema of reproduction appears. In addition to in high school the mode of simple reproduction, he discusses expanded reproduction, but here I think it is college supplement essays 2013 sufficient to only introduce the former, which is as follows: I 4,000c+1,000v+1,000s = 6,000 (means of production) II 2,000c+500v+500s = 3,000 (means of consumption) In the case above, I. represents the department for the production of the essay on bullying, means of production, while II. is the department for the production of the argumentative uniforms should be compulsory, materials of consumption, and essay on bullying school c, v, and s signify the constant capital, variable capital, and surplus-value, respectively.

The rate of statement global warming, constant capital to variable capital (c/v) is referred to as the essay, “organic composition of capital,” which differs depending on the level of productive power—although here we will assume that it is 4:1 in both departments. The rate of surplus-value is s/v, and its determination is discussed elsewhere, and here it is supposed here that the rate is 100 percent. Essays Online! The money unit could be 10,000 yen, pounds, dollars, etc., and the 4,000 for constant capital in I. is also merely an arbitrary figure chosen for the convenience of calculation. However, once the figure of 4,000 has been chosen, based on the assumptions above, variable capital in I. must be 1,000 so that surplus-value in I. will also be 1,000. The same is on bullying in high school true for II.

That is, as long as c/v and buying for school s/v are fixed, once c has been posited, v and s are decided in turn. Thus the issue ultimately revolves around the nature of the essay, relation between the two departments. And this is what forms the crux of Marx’s schema, with this relation reducible to: I. (v+s) = II. c. However, since the essay on school uniforms should be compulsory, 4,000c in I. is produced in the form of on bullying in high school, means of production, it is possible without exchange with the other department to dissertation use this to renew the worn-out means of production in this department solely through internal exchange; meanwhile, the essay in high, v+s in II. is argumentative on school uniforms produced in the form of on bullying in high, materials of consumption so this can likewise be used for the consumption of workers and thesis statement warming capitalists within the department via exchange within the department. Therefore, the needed exchange between the two departments is limited to the exchange between the v+s in I (value component that needs to be expended on the materials of consumption for input but still exists in the form of the means of production) and the c in II (value component that needs to be expended to on bullying replenish the means of production but still exists in the form of the means of consumption). So a condition of equilibrium between the two departments in simple reproduction would be: I (v + m) = IIc. The schema of reproduction can be explained in thesis statement, the following manner. Suppose that the value of the product of the total capital of society is in high 9,000, with the c/v and s/v as assumed above, and that the total product comprising 6,000c+1,500v+1,500s. In the case of boston college supplement essays, simple reproduction, the on bullying, 6,000c forms the demand for means of production to replenish those that have been worn out; the total of 3,000 from the de botton, 1,500v and 1,500s forms the demand for means of consumption.

Therefore, in order for supply to meet demand, of 9,000 value of the total product, 6,000 must be the product of department I and on bullying 3,000 the product of department II, so that—if the organic composition of capital and the rate of surplus-value are as assumed above—the schema would have the same figures we began with. I 4,000c+1,000v 1,000s = 6,000 (means of production) II 2,000c+500v+500s = 3,000 (means of consumption) In this case, the equilibrium condition premised is: I. 4,000c+II. 2,000c = I. (4,000c+1,000v+1,000s); I. (1,000v+1,000s) + II. (500v+500s) = II. (2,000c+500v+500s). But if we offset the factors that both sides have in common, we arrive, as noted earlier, at the equation I. (1,000v + 1,000s) = II 2,000c. The significance of arthritis dissertation, Marx’s schema of reproduction is not limited the essay on bullying in high school, explanation above, and it was a means of elucidating fundamental problems that political economy had been unable to solve since the time of Smith. But even setting this aside to just consider the elucidation of the relation of equilibrium just explained, we can see what an enormous, essential advance this was over Quesnay’s economic table, and for school therefore what serious defects that table has. Still, it must be considered remarkable that at the outset of the history of political economy Quesnay was able to raise the issue of the reproduction process of the total capital and that he was able to grasp and express this to some extent. 7. Essay In High School! Karl Marx, Marx Engels Collected Works , vol.

31, pp. 239-40. 8. Karl Marx, Marx Engels Collected Works , vol. 30, p. 354. 9. The Physiocrats, who grasped the production of surplus-value solely in such a form, naturally also came to see the “net product” as the bounty of nature. They believed that in agriculture nature cooperated with man to generate a net product. Needless to say, however, the essay should, possibility for surplus-value to be produced in agriculture (as in all spheres of production for that matter) is above all premised on productivity beyond a certain level for the agricultural laborers who are involved in essay in high school, the production of the foodstuffs that comprise the key materials of livelihood, and a high level of productive power of agricultural labor depends in arthritis, large part on nature. If nature is in high school poor so that even after a day’s labor a person can only buying a paper produce enough material things to barely maintain his own life, there is on bullying school no question from the beginning of producing surplus-value. But, at the same time, even if nature is abundant, so that a person can produce more things than are needed to maintain his own life, if that person enjoys all of the product for himself, this will merely raise his own living conditions and the existence of college essays, a “net product” would be impossible.

And it is on bullying in high also clear that a “net product” could not exist if this person only worked enough to argumentative on school uniforms be compulsory produce the things needed to maintain his own existence, not laboring beyond this point. Essay On Bullying In High School! In other words, the dissertation, existence of a “new product” is premised, on the one hand, on the worker’s own consumption being restricted to a certain level, and on the other hand to the worker laboring beyond the labor needed to produce his own materials of livelihood. The Physiocrats, when explaining the production of a new product in agriculture, have clearly premised a minimum wage in the theory of wages as the basis of their explanation, and at the same time they have in fact, implicitly, premised a certain working day. Yet they did not conclude that the net product is brought about by a surplus of labor that is the on bullying, labor that exceeds the labor-time needed for the reproduction of labor-power. Boston! Nor, much less, did they conclude that this surplus labor is coerced through the condition where land, which is the fundamental condition within agriculture, cannot be used unless the cultivator pays rent to the certain class that exclusively owns the essay in high, land. Instead of concluding this, the Physiocrats say that the use-values consumed by the workers within production are less than the use-values they create, so that there is global warming a surplus of use-values. Instead of focusing attention on the fact that if workers only produced what was necessary for their own lives nothing above this would remain, they only assert that thanks to the productivity of the land a surplus is possible.

The Physiocrats view nature as the sole basis for the production of a surplus, without looking at the social relations. 10. For example, in 15th of essay school, his “General Maxims for the Economic Government of an Agricultural Kingdom,” Quesnay writes: “ That the land employed in the cultivation of dissertation, corn should be brought together, as far as possible, into large farms worked by rich husbandmen ; for in large agricultural enterprises there is less expenditure required for in high school the upkeep and repair of buildings, and proportionally much less cost and much more net product, than in small ones. Statement Global Warming! A multiplicity of small farmers is detrimental to the population. The population whose position is most assured, and which is most readily available for the different occupations and different kinds of essay in high school, work which divide men into supplement essays different classes, is that maintained by the net product. All economies profitably made use of in work which can be done with the aid of animals, machines, rivers, etc., bring benefit to the population and the state, because a greater net product procures men a greater reward for other services or other kinds of essay on bullying, work.” ( The Economics of Physiocracy , 1963, p. 235) And in his explanation of the thesis statement warming, 26th maxim, he writes the following: “Nations always believe that they do not have enough men: it is not perceived that there are not enough wages to maintain a larger population, and that men without means are of benefit to a country only to the extent that they receive assured gains there which enable them to live by their work. In the absence of gains or wages, it is true, a section of people in the countryside may generate for their subsistence certain very low-priced products which do not demand large expenses or protracted labor, and which one does not have to wait a long time before gathering in. But these men, these products, and the land on which they are grown, are worth nothing to the state. In order that the on bullying school, land should yield a revenue, work in the countryside must render a net product over college, and above the wages paid to the workmen, for it is this net product which enables the other classes of men who are necessary in a state to subsist.

This should not be expected from poor men who work the land with their hands, or with other insufficient resources; for essay on bullying in high school they can procure subsistence for themselves alone only by giving up the cultivation of thesis statement global, corn, which demands too much time, too much labor, and too much expense to be carried on by men who are destitute of means and reduced to obtaining their food from the land simply by the work of their hands. “Thus it is essay on bullying school not to these poor peasants that you should entrust the thesis statement warming, cultivation of your land. It is animals which should plough and fertilize your fields; it is consumption, sales, and free and unobstructed internal and external trade which ensure the market value which constitutes your revenue. Thus it is wealthy men whom you should put in charge of the enterprises of agriculture and rural trade, in order to enrich yourselves, to enrich the state, and to enable inexhaustible wealth to be generated. “The more wealth a nation possesses for the purpose of enabling wealth to be annually regenerated, the less men does this annual reproduction employ, the more net product it yields, and the more men the essay in high school, government has at its disposal for thesis global warming services and public works; and the more wages there are to enable them to subsist, the more useful are these men to the state by virtue of their occupations, and by virtue of their expenditure, which causes their pay to be brought back into essay on bullying in high circulation.” ( The Economics of Physiocracy , 1963, pp. 260-1)

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Who do you promote? 5 Qualities of a Good Leader. As your team grows, there’s increasing pressure to develop good leaders within your team. At some point ( 10 direct reports) you can’t manage everyone yourself. Essay On Bullying In High? The logical thing to do is to alain, get help. The best help is someone already in your company, and ideally on your team. They know and fit in your culture, and are familiar with your people and processes. They’re also much more likely to successfully pick up where you left off managing the team members you hand off to them. Chances are though, if you are going to promote someone from your team, they are likely to have limited or no management experience.

So how do you know who to promote? Look for these qualities of essay on bullying in high a good leader. When you’re looking at boston supplement essays 2013 your team and essay on bullying in high trying to decide who would make a good future leader, be sure you’re choosing someone for the right reasons. Consider these 5 qualities as a starting point as you search for boston college 2013 the right person for on bullying school the job. Just because someone is your best individual contributor (IC) does not mean they will be a good manager. The qualities that make you a good leader are not all the same as those that matter in an IC role. They may also enjoy their individual work and not want to switch to management.

Don’t force it. (More on this topic in an excellent post here by Lindsay Holmwood) Quality #1: Shows empathy for others. Selfish people do not make good leaders. You cannot lead others effectively for long if you’re not considering their motivations and needs as much as your own. While it’s easy to tell if someone only cares about themselves, there’s a lot of gray area most of dissertation us live in.

When you’re looking at your team, look for people that have demonstrated some empathy. As this great post on Inc.com highlights, empathy changes how you handle situations: “According to Merriam-Webster, empathy is “the feeling that you understand and on bullying in high school share another person’s feelings and emotions.” Whereas sympathy involves feeling sorry for someone, empathy requires us to go a step further, and argumentative on school should it lasts longer. Essay In High School? Here’s an example: Imagine a colleague goes through a difficult situation; let’s say he loses a close family member in statement an accident. We naturally feel sympathy for him.

We may even write a card or express those feelings somehow. For the most part, though, we move on with our lives. But when we show empathy, we take more time –time to remember how we felt when we lost someone close to us (or how we would feel, if we haven’t had this experience). We think about how this affected our work, our relationships with others. Even further, we try to imagine specifically how our colleague feels in this situation. We recognize that he (like every individual) will deal with the essay on bullying trauma in his own unique way.” If someone on your team shows an interest and understanding in how others feel in is sport good essay various situations that have come up, it’s a good sign they have the needed empathy to essay in high, lead.

Managers have to essays in love alain online, be approachable. You can’t help fix a problem you don’t know about. Managers that build rapport and show empathy are more likely to have their team come to on bullying school, them with problems. This is a key part of having an engaged team as reported by boston college Gallup: As you can see, without the trust that their manager will understand them and that they can approach their manager about anything, the odds of anyone on in high school the team being engaged is painfully low. How to Learn Empathy : If this is an area of weakness for you or a potential leader, reading Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People can change how you think about working with and leading others with empathy. When you consider the people on your short list for becoming a future manager, how well do they listen? Do they talk over people and essay push their ideas on everyone else, or do they first seek to understand the essay in high school perspectives of others? The better the listener someone is, the more likely they are to succeed as a manager. Supplement Essays 2013? Often, the best way to address a situation as a leader is to essay in high, ask questions to truly understand a situation before reacting or responding. Last week, we covered in warming depth the essay school importance of curiosity and asking questions as a leader.

In the essay on school uniforms post, we learned how academy award winning producer Brian Grazer uses questions: €œAsking questions creates the essay in high space for people to raise issues they are worried about that the boss, or their colleagues, may not know about. Asking questions gives people the chance to tell a different story than the one you€™re expecting. Most important from my perspective is on school, asking questions means people have to make their case for the way they want a decision to go.€. Asking good questions is just part of being a good listener though.

Good listeners also take notes so that they remember what was discussed. They’re also active listeners, meaning they seek to understand and clarify what they were told. Active listening also has the added benefit of the person talking feeling heard; you didn’t just ask the question and essay in high school zone out or say “yup…okay…okay” as they explained something to dissertation, you. Instead, you both walk away knowing that you understand what someone is trying to essay on bullying, communicate to you. When someone is stressed or upset, this can be the difference between them thinking telling you was a waste of time and statement global warming feeling confident they can bring issues to you. How to Learn to be a Good Listener : If this is an essay on bullying in high, area of weakness for you or a potential leader, reading Brian Grazer’s A Curious Mind can help understand both the power of questions, and how to use curiosity as a tool in every aspect of your work.

Quality #3: Consistent and accountable. Trust is a major part of promoting leaders. If you do not trust the person you promote, it will create many problems for boston supplement you and your team: You’ll micromanage the new manager , afraid that they aren’t doing a good job and try to do parts of it for on bullying in high school them. You’ll undermine the a paper new manager , as you may be tempted to allow their team to go around the manager straight to you. The team may not buy into in high the new manager’s leadership after reading your reactions and behavior. So how do you avoid these? You must promote someone you trust. Is Sport Essay? And in the corporate world, trust largely comes from consistency and accountability. If someone is consistent , you know what to expect from them. Essay On Bullying? That predictability allows you to feel more comfortable with less oversight over them.

If someone is buying a paper, accountable , you know that even if something goes wrong, they’ll fix it or take responsibility. They won’t hide from problems and they’ll work hard to essay on bullying in high, deliver positive outcomes. As a leader, the example you set is the behaviors your team will follow, good or bad. If you promote someone with undesirable behaviors or habits, don’t be surprised if their entire team starts showing them as well. As Hall of Fame football coach Bill Walsh wrote: €œOthers follow you based on the quality of your actions rather than the magnitude of your declarations.€.

Make sure the person you choose to promote is someone whose actions you want others to follow, and that you’re comfortable trusting them with leading their team. How to Learn to be Consistent Accountable : Everyone is at least somewhat accountable and consistent, or they wouldn’t be able to keep their job. However, the difference between “good enough” and world-class, is wide. Buying A Paper For School? To be a champion and learn how to build a team that is deeply consistent and accountable, read Bill Walsh’s The Score Takes Care of Itself. Want help being consistent in your promises and essay school the quality of be compulsory you 1 on 1s with your team? Then sign up for on bullying in high a free trial for Lighthouse, because it will help automate prep, followup, and in love online more for you. Quality #4: Interested in the life of a leader. Every step up as a leader in on bullying school the layers of an boston essays, organization presents new challenges, and no change is greater than the move from individual contributor to manager. This change can be a real shock.

The best way to ensure that the essay in high person you want to 2013, promote is going to succeed as a leader is to make sure they’re interested in essay in high school what the arthritis dissertation role is really all about. Consider for a moment what they do and don’t see of your work day: They see you lead a discussion in a team meeting. They see you heading to an important meeting to represent the essay in high team. They see you got to make the final call after a debate. They don’t see you staying up late to catch up on buying a paper email after all those meetings.

They don’t see you trying to in high school, deal with all the interpersonal team issues. They don’t see you struggling to juggle all of your responsibilities and those of the team. Have you told them what your days are like? Have you shared your favorite and least favorite parts of the job? Help them come in with eyes wide open. Beyond your specific life as a leader, it’s also important to understand their mindset coming in. People who want to “be the boss” are destined to fail, while the servant leader has no limits to where they can go. This excerpt from an essay on servant leadership by Ari Weinzweig, CEO of Zingerman’s captures this crucial mindset perfectly: “ To live Servant Leadership effectively; we start with the view that we are going to treat our staff as our €œcustomers.€ As CEO of Zingerman€™s, my €œbiggest€ customers are the managing partners of argumentative essay on school should each of our businesses, and the central administrative staff, all of whom report to me. Essay On Bullying In High School? In turn, each partner€™s primary customers would be the buying for school managers who report to them in their businesses…In each case the idea is to that the leader is essay in high school, giving great service to essay, his or her staff, in order to keep the service energy in the organization flowing out, toward the front-line hourly staff.

Why? Because the front-line staff are nearly always the people who are dealing with paying customers and/or making the products we sell. And we want to make sure their energy is freed to in high school, give the boston 2013 best possible service to essay on bullying school, customers coming in the front door, over the phone or via email. Why? Because, quite simply; the better the good for us service we give to those front-line customers, the essay on bullying school better the organization is going to perform . Promoting people to essays, manager who are bought into the concept of servant leadership and are not afraid of what the job entails will be much more likely to succeed.

More importantly, it also will be a positive influence on their team and the leaders they will one day have to in high school, develop. How to Learn the Life of a Leader : If you or your future manager wants to learn what it takes to truly lead, then there are few better books than John C. Maxwell’s 21 Irrefutible Laws of Leadership. It explains the many levels of leadership from the 2013 ineffective “boss” to the highest level of leadership: making more leaders. Quality #5: Committed to learning and growth. Becoming a manager means taking on a new set of responsibilities and routines. In High? No matter how much you are able to prepare a new manager for their role, there will always be more for them to learn. The key for any leader to succeed is to have a mindset of continuous learning and growth. You won’t know everything you need to on for us essay day 1 on the job, and to school, succeed as a leader, you must always be learning and argumentative essay uniforms should be compulsory adapting. This growth mindset makes all the school difference, as Standford psychologist Carol Dweck has revealed in her extensive research on the subject.

This image below summarizes the key differences between the essay mindset of continual growth and the limiting fixed mindset. What’s important to realize is that your potential new manager’s mindset doesn’t just affect them and on bullying school their ability to grow and adapt in their role. Thesis Global Warming? It also impacts their whole team. If a manager sees all of their people as fixed assets, they won’t invest in their growth or give them the kinds of on bullying school challenging projects that keep your best people engaged. Especially with Millennials, not investing in their growth will lead to them becoming bored and the expensive possibility of them leaving your company for global warming other growth opportunities.

How can you tell if they have the right mindset? There’s a few easy indicators: Do they take feedback well? Do they seek out hearing how they can improve? Do they read regularly? Do they look for opportunities to learn? You can also look at on bullying school the chart above and see how they handle things like obstacles, challenges, etc. They may not be perfect, but your goal is to understand if they’re prepared for the hard work ahead to succeed in the transition to manager. How to Learn the is sport essay Mindset of Learning and Growth: If you want to deeply understand this concept of a growth mindset, there’s no better place to go than straight to essay on bullying in high, the source by supplement essays reading Carol Dweck’s Mindset: The New Psychology of Success.

Clearly, there are more than just these 5 qualities for a good leader, but this list will get you started in the right direction. We’d love to hear in the comments the qualities you look for in new leaders and why? Are you developing new leaders in your company? Are you looking for help getting new managers started on the right foot, building the right habits to lead and motivate their teams? Then sign up for Lighthouse. Backed by research like you find in essay this post, Lighthouse is designed to make the processes of dissertation managing and motivating a team easier for managers of any experience level. You can sign up and essay on bullying school learn more at GetLighthouse.com. An interesting follow-up article would be how to coach people who are interested in dissertation leadership positions but may not exhibit all of these qualities.

Thanks for reading and the suggestion, Vera. I’d love to understand more about your questions around coaching. It will help us write a better follow on article. We’d be happy to expand on the areas you think are missing.

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Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Essay. On Bullying In High School. Stability in the Arabian Peninsula region has been a concern for the United States for some time now. AQAP poses a direct threat against college supplement, the U.S. and U.S. interests of Stability and Security in on bullying in high, the Arabian Peninsula. This instability and threat is why I have chosen the AQAP as the FTO to boston supplement 2013 research making the school, next attack. The AQAP comes from the merging of the al Qaeda cells from Yemen and in Saudi Arabia. There are approximately one –two hundred members, with thousands of supporters. The merger took place in January 2009, due to the success of the Saudi Arabian government in statement, destroying al Qaeda’s infrastructure in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

AQAP is a subsidiary of the al Qaeda, whose center of gravity is in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but works independently of its parent organization. Since formation occurred, they are responsible for a number of attacks on the “West” and are considered responsible parties of the “UPS and FEDEX cargo bombing attempts” (Kurczy, 2010). They were deemed a terrorist organization on December 14, 2009, by essay on bullying, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. (Gerstein, 2010). Prior to the formation of AQAP, al Qaeda claimed responsibility for numerous attacks in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Those attacks include: the 1993 attack on World Trade Center, 1998 suicide bombings of Embassies, the 2000 bombing of the in love, USS Cole, and the 2008 car bombing outside the U.S. Embassy in Sana’ killing 19 people including 6 of the terrorists (Poland, 2005 ). AQAP has claimed to plan on targeting oil facilities, tourists, and security forces in the future.

It is believed though that AQAP provided spiritual guidance by U.S. Essay On Bullying School. Citizen Anwar al Awlaki to U.S. Army Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan, who was the statement global warming, gunman behind the essay on bullying school, 2009 Ft. Hood killings and the December 2009 attempt to down a passenger airline to Detroit. Responsible parties to these terroristic events are said to be that of the top five “key leaders” of AQAP. These men include are in order of their rank from the top spot of leaders to the last.

1. Ibrahim Hassan al-Asiri, aka the bomb maker. He is believed to be the creator of the bombs intercepted in October last year on cargo planes. 2. Essays De Botton. Anwar al-Awlaki, aka the chief ideologue. He is suspected of being part of three unsuccessful terrorist attacks to include the Fort Hood Shootings (Bryant, C., Kasinof, L., 2010), bombing attempt on airliner jet on Christmas, and the Times Square bombing on May 2. On Bullying In High School. 3. Said Ali al-Shihri, deputy chief of AQAP. He is dissertation, suspected of participation in September 2008 US Embassy attack and the kidnapping of nine missionaries in June 2009 according to Fox News. 4. On Bullying In High. Qasim al-Raymi, military commander. Dissertation. He followed Osama bin Laden’s lead on media releases “building an ever-more sophisticated propaganda arm for al Qaeda in Arabian Peninsula” (Kurczy, 2010). 5. Nasir al Wuhayshi, head of AQAP. Known as the personal secretary of essay on bullying in high school, Osama bin Laden (Kurczy, 2010). Most of in love alain de botton, AQAP is made up of fighters that returned from Afghanistan during the Russian invasion and fighters that have been serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. They lure new recruits who are sympathetic to al Qaeda and have animosity towards the U.S. and western nations.

The recruiting pool is vast in essay in high, the region with fighters fleeing Iraq and Afghanistan and relocating to Yemen and Somalia. Both countries have weak central governments that are conducive for lawlessness in the region and have vast ungoverned territory. Government cooperation with American counter-terrorism efforts has historically been spotty and portions of is sport good, both populations are hostile to the United States. (Kerry, 2010) AQAP aims to overthrow the Yemeni government for its support to the U.S. and its offensive operations against al Qaeda. The group also emphasizes its global ambitions and desire to target western interests within the region. Additionally, AQAP has stated it will focus on cutting supply lines of western nations supporting Israel and looks to expand its influence throughout the region (Boucek, 2010). The animosity against the western nations continues to grow, as does the technology and essay in high school, ideas for new weapons. The newest information is dissertation, that a poisoned perfume plot against essay on bullying school, religious and government officials was prevented due to arrest of 149 al Qaeda suspects.

This is just an example of the creativity AQAP has come up with. Buying. Last summer the country’s Deputy Interior Minister had been attempted to be assassinated by a bomber with the weapon in essay in high school, his anus (Rawnsley, 2010). These weapons are just the newest form used by AQAP. Yemen has emerged as a major staging base for al Qaeda and other likeminded groups for attacking American targets within Yemen as well as to good for us essay reach targets outside of Yemen including the United States. U.S. officials have warned that al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was a growing threat even before the failed 2009, Christmas Day airline bombing attempt (Kerry, 2010). In February 2009, Director of National Intelligence Dennis Blair stated that, “Yemen is reemerging as a jihadist battleground and potential regional base of operations for Al Qaeda to plan internal and external attacks, train terrorists, and facilitate the movement of operatives.” (Rollins, 2010). The threat coming from AQAP is greater than the threat coming from on bullying al Qaeda’s central leadership located in Pakistan. AQAP is increasingly a more pressing concern for U.S. national security. AQAP has relative freedom of movement in the Arabian Peninsula and region which allows for its ability to increase its ranks through recruitment as well as its ability to train new recruits. Additionally, AQAP has also shown its ability to influence other like-minded individuals to conduct attacks to our homeland with little to no warning.

AQAP has proven it has the means and capability to is sport for us attempt to conduct attacks globally although it has yet to be successful. It is essay on bullying, only a matter of time before they possess the ability and trained personnel that are able to conduct something equal to or greater than the attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. AQAP poses a direct threat to the U.S. and U.S. interest of stability and security in the Arabian Peninsula. AQAP is capable of every threat that has been uttered against buying for school, the US and essay on bullying school, western countries. The US as well as the other western territories that are considered allies against AQAP, can end or at least moderate the terroristic threat by “interdicting terrorists, disrupt their planning, restrict their travel, reduce the flow of financial (EO 13224 signed 9/23/01) and material support to buying a paper terrorist groups, and enable partner governments to essay in high school assert control over weakly governed territory where terrorists find sanctuary” (US Department of in love de botton online, State, 2005). The Antiterrorism Assistance program is a well used deterrent against FTO’s such as AQAP. Essay On Bullying In High. The AQAP became a bigger threat than al Qaeda, and the instability and security issues within the Arabian Peninsula are threats we must contend with. With the knowledge and training gained since the imperative attacks on American soil in 2001, we can deter and detain these terrorists and protect our homeland and allies. A Paper For School. The ideologies and animosity against the US and other western nations are targeted towards the recruiting of essay on bullying, others who sympathize with al Qaeda. Preemptive and retaliatory methods are other forces to use to impede the AQAP’s threats and/or attacks. For Us. It is also noted in the Country Reports that by American’s helping partner nations in the quest for improving their abilities to detect and prevent terrorist activities this will clearly enhance the overall security of all nations (US Department of State, 2005).

Boucek, Christopher (2010). Terrorism out of Yemen. Carnegie Endowment for essay on bullying in high school, International Peace. A Paper. Retrieved from http://carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewid=41705 References. Bryant, C., Kasinof, L. (2010, October 29).

Suspicious UPS, FedEx packages raise new concerns about Al Qaeda in Yemen. Christian Science Monitor. p. N.PAG. Retrieved from EBSCOhost CPJ. (2008, April 15). Iraq: Journalists Abducted 2003-09. Retrieved March 15, 2011, from Committee to Protect Journalists: Defending Journalists Worldwide: http://cpj.org/reports/2008/04/abducted.php. Essay On Bullying School. Gerstein, Josh (2010). Clinton named Al Qaeda Yemen as terror group. Politico. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/blogs/joshgerstein/0110/Clinton_named_AlQaeda_Yemen_as_terror_group_a_month_ago.html Kerry, John (2010). Al Qaeda in Yemen and Somalia: A ticking Time Bomb.

Committee on foreign relations United States Senate. Retrieved from http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2010_rpt/sfrc-aq.pdf Kurczy, S. (2010, November 2). Five key members of Al Qaeda in Yemen (AQAP). Christian Science Monitor. p. N.PAG. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Poland, J. (2005 ). Dissertation. Understanding terrorism: Groups, strategies, and responses 2nd edition.

Upper Saddle River: Pearson. On Bullying In High. Rawnsley, A. (2010, December 7). Danger Room What#8217;s Next in National Security. Retrieved March 15, 2011, from Wired: http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2010/12/al-qaedas-latest-weapon-poison-perfume/ Rollins, John (2010). Al Qaeda and Affiliates: Historical Perspective, Global Presence, and Implications for U.S. Policy. Congressional research Service. Retrieved from http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/R41070.pdf US Department of alain de botton online, National Security. In High. (2006).

The National Security Strategy of the United States of thesis statement, America. Washington DC: USDOS. US Department of State. (2005). Country Reports on Terrorism 2004. Washington DC: US Government.

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In Lotus Frank was finally. Essay about Ronald Mcdonald House Charities. Wish me luck. How the Ronald McDonald House came to be. I found this information on the original Ronald McDonald House Charities Website. http://rmhc.org/the history of the house that love built.

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This picture has, therefore, visually communicated my intended message, which is the dissertation, key goal of most photographs (Dijic, 2008). My next visual communication technique is typography. “Typography is, for our purposes, the art of essay in high school selecting and arranging type or---in broader terms---using type in various graphic designs to obtain particular effects” As a result, they end up looking for buying, care homes that they take their elderly people as a way of helping them to retire with dignity and on bullying in high school live a comfortable life after the in love, active years on earth. Unfortunately, for majority of the Americans, this turns out to in high, be ironical since they end up not being in the comfort zone and well taken care of as initially thought or intended, but leading a life that is on school full of isolation in many aspects ranging from the company to the medical isolation. This concept paper.

cleaning up, the essay on bullying school, pot of beef stew was empty. Kathy rinsed out her pot so she could take it home. Afterwards, Kathy asked me if I could join her for dinner at her house Tuesday, next week, at 3:00 p.m.. Good For Us Essay. I accepted her invitation because Tuesday was my day off and I was free to do anything I wanted. Kathy wrote down her address and gave it to me. When the next Monday came around, and work was over, I went home, took a shower and watched television for the night, looking forward to my day off and some. * The Home Depot Story (First Stage) * The first stage goes from the on bullying in high, years 1979 to statement, 2000 (first 20 years) when Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank were managing the company. * So during this first stage Home Depot had the following characteristics: * All stores were independent from each other (run rather informally). In other words each store manager run its own store operations.

For example, each store decided their employees’ wages, what merchandizing was going to best for the store, and. Kuribari Monipur by auto-rickshaw. After 30 min we reached to the old age home. Then we talked with gatekeeper for permission to essay in high school, enter into the old age home. They took us to essay, the office of caretaker and told to seat there until he came. After half an hour the caretaker came to the office and essay on bullying in high asked what we want, where we from. Then we told him that we are from a varsity, name – IUBAT. And we wanted to visit the old age home and also wanted to meet with the old people who live there. Then he refused. association, which is one house away from my home. I understand that I have to balance my time both in argumentative be compulsory, the city and the country areas of Prior Lake.

To better explain the points I am stating, I will examine a short description of the article by Solnit. All of her points are clear and I enjoy relating them to in high, my views of statement global warming nature and environment. The place that I feel most at home is the lake-lot association that I am part of. School. It is located near my home in Prior Lake, Minnesota. Twenty-four homeowners.

Manufactured Homes, Inc. sales are credit sales where the customer gives an initial down payment of 5-10% of the essays 2013, sales price and enters him/herself into an installment contract ranging from 84-180 months. The journal entries are as follows: Debit Accounts Receivable Debit Cash Credit Net Sales? Credit Inventories? A sale is recognized when a payment is received (down payment) and then it entered into essay on bullying, an installment contract. 3. It is explained that Manufactured Homes, Inc. accounts. magically into sweet pickles. I always had to boston supplement essays, return home before the process was complete. Yet the memory of the pickle crock and shelves lined with jars were a seed of inspiration for me.

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It is essay on bullying in high imperative to know that in the modern world, education is not all about getting good grades, but it needs an individual to be groomed sufficiently in both class and outside world. Home education provides children with “hands-on” activities that enable them to essays in love alain, be in touch with the real world, far from classrooms. In High. As argued by Cuban (1130), American parents in the quest to see that their children are not converted into “examination-answering” children would be able to college supplement 2013, learn better at home because they are able to learn at their own pace while, in public schools, they have to learn at the pace set by teachers, which may be too fast or too slow for different students. Within that, at school, home, the child is able to buying for school, have more hand on activities and be more in touch with nature and the outside world. Essay On Bullying. Compared to essays in love alain de botton, public schooling where education is free, home school education can be very expensive, for home school parents will be required to. Essay on Watching a Movie at Home. And there will be no pushing watching a movie at on bullying, home. Unlike watching a movie at the theatre you have to stand in line.

People will start pushing if the line moves slowly. Thesis Global Warming. It takes an hour to stand in line and when you finally get to the window, tickets are sold out. Standing in line can give your legs a hard time and painful. For example, if your friend is saving a line for you and you come back there’s a person in you line you get mad and the next thing you know you are standing all the in high, way. opposite. There are numerous advantages to essays de botton, being a stay-at-home dad. “for men, it is an opportunity to in high, witness the good essay, countless magical, irreplaceable moments of a young child’s life, and to enjoy some of the essay on bullying school, subtle pleasures our fathers never knew, like making dinner with a three year-Old’s help”, or putting the baby down for a mid-day nap in a hammock”. (Sacks 278). This quote gives evidence to one of the many joys of being a stay-at-home dad where the writer tell us about one of the many opportunities. for you. And injury is very likely to happen to them too. Make sure your mom or dad are always watching you if you want to cook something , this way if there is ever a problem they can quickly help. Electric Mats can also be a source of fire in for school, your home.

Electrical Mats are the on bullying in high school, cause of 200 fires and 50 deaths each year in the United Kingdom. You must follow these safety instructions in order to keep safe, otherwise, it could lead to serious injury. Make sure that you do not use a double mat on top. of Financiai Service Professionals. Journal of Financial Service Professionals JANUARY 2006 The Investment Value of Home Ownership Tax Deductions Available in the Year of argumentative essay on school uniforms should be compulsory Purchase The numerous tax benefits available to homeowners can save individuals thousands of dollars In reduced federal and state income taxes over the period of home ownership. When buying a home, most indi-^ viduals will finance a significant portion of the home's purchase price. On Bullying. In today's real estate mortgage environment. out method was used.

Overall The Home Depot remained profitable in 2009 even during the economic recession. The income statement allows users to boston, review two categories of cash flow through the companies reported revenues and expenses ending with the net profits the company retained or lost. Essay On Bullying School. The 2009 income statement of Home Depot says their business was profitable even though they suffered a drastic reduction over the previous two years. Arthritis. One concerning area of Home Depot's income statement is the. business planning, marketing plan, and on bullying clear strategic option.

As he is struggling whether to supply transportable homes to farmer in rural areas or supply it to the Queensland Housing Commission as a government agency. In addition, it has some financing issues of limited capital to secure the thesis statement, high cost of research and development for the new designs. 3 Assignment 2– Comfort Homes Analysis and evidences: To support my arguments with theoretical evidences, it was obvious that James has the characteristics. I belong to a middle class family. My home is a cosy little flat on the 1st floor in Lajpat Nagar in Delhi. Our drawing-cum-dining room is tastefully decorated. It has a TV set, a sofa, a refrigerator and dining table.

The decoration pieces remind me of our visits to various places. There are two bedrooms. One is used by my parents and on bullying the other is shared by the three of us. The study-table is used by my brother and sister as well for their homework. The kitchen is small but the buying, big windows let. top concern among not only parents, but educators and psychologists alike. Even though, home schooled students may have more time to socialize and interact with siblings or peers, if they were never properly taught appropriate social behaviors then they will struggle throughout the rest of their lives.

Along with learning proper social skills it has been implied that children who are educated outside of the essay, home may learn to function sooner and more efficiently outside the family. They will not be. eventually end to break-up. Another reason is communication breakdown. Freedom of speech must be practiced at home. Every individual problem should be discussed to find a lasting and effective solution to it. One main cause of communication breakdown is the essays alain de botton online, time consuming jobs of the parents. Undue attachments to one’s work for the family’s expense have caused lots of hours in many homes – the other partner may feel lonely, neglected, abandoned, mistreated, and would probably think they are a choice. Cja 304 Course Success Begins / Tutorialrank.Com Essay.

guidelines. 3. Essay On Bullying In High. Biography (Due Day 1, Tuesday): Post to the Chat Room forum a biological sketch. Tell us about yourself (i.e., where you live, work, why you are interested in furthering your education, what are your interests or hobbies, etc.). Begin introducing yourself to your fellow learners by posting a response to essays in love alain de botton online, their biographies. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CJA 304 Week 2 DQ 1 (UOP Course) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank. In addition, manufactured houses seem to have more defects than site-built homes.

Because they are geared to low-income purchasers, the materials used have often been inferior. Sometimes mishaps occur in moving houses from factory to site, and sometimes the installation is defective. Many manufactured houses are not anchored securely to their foundations, making them extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. In High. Hurricane Andrew in 1992 destroyed almost all of the manufactured houses in its path. approach makes a quick entry to the at home market before all competitors. The customer doesn’t have to match cups so its lees confusion. Roasters can keep one inventory for OCS market and one for at home market.

A weakness is that it would decrease the pricing power with the KAD’s. They would have more opportunity to come out with different brewers if can get to market quickly. Employees might be stealing the cups from the brewers at work to use them at home. The lack of essay resources might be a threat. father for making him feel that way. The details that Vanderhaeghe uses to describe the setting demonstrate the love that Gil has for his land.

This story takes place mainly on essay in high, the family land. The Home place is special to Gil “Situated in a valley’’ (14) and ‘’down by the river’’ (14). The home place also have a beautiful land that ‘’consisted of the original quarter Gil’s father had homesteaded, the pre-emption, and another 320 acres picked up cheap from a Finnish immigrant’’ (14). Good For Us. The farm. “a Journey of on bullying in high a Thousand Miles Begins with a Single Step” Essay. surrounding them. This action is called Positive risk-taking; the assessment of a task to evaluate whether there are any benefits involved. This is the argumentative uniforms be compulsory, solution to the needed adventure in life for essay in high school, all humans.

So does a journey of a thousand miles begin with one step? Yes it does. However the nature of this experience will vary according to the situation. If considered in arthritis, a formal way, a journey of essay school one step can be treated as a positive risk to enlighten ones inner self. Although taking risks and.

carbohydrates, copper, protein, fat, vitamins B1, B2, B6, C and argumentative essay on school uniforms should be compulsory p. Home remedies for Anaemia using cold water bath and sunbaths • Cold water bath is recommended for curing anaemia. On Bullying In High School. Two baths daily is sufficient enough to cure anaemia. • Hot Epsom baths and cold friction baths for only 10-15 minutes in argumentative essay should be compulsory, a week is sufficient to cure anaemia. • Sunbaths are beneficial as rays from sun helps in the production and stimulation of red blood cells. Home remedies for Anaemia using yellow dock root and dried figs. They will never tell the family’s secret that father is an alcoholic. The reality is that the atmosphere at home is permeable with lies and secrets. All children, also these from pathologic families, are born with different characters: hardness, activeness, strength of reactions, and many others. Living with parents gives them less or more support.

It also depends on the family members and their potentiality. Therefore, it is also important to remember that if we talk about children from alcoholic. Importance of Rules: Every Christian home should have rules, and parents should, in their words and essay on bullying in high school deportment toward each other, give to the children a precious, living example of what they desire them to be. Purity is speech and true Christian courtesy should be constantly practiced. Teach the children and youth to respect themselves, to be true to God, true to principle, teach them to buying for school, respect and obey the law of God.

These principles will control their lives and in high school will be carried out in their associations. employees in corporate head offices, Mr. Is Sport For Us Essay. Lau said. Home Depot is shaking up its strategy by focusing on specialty stores. Three months ago, it opened one paint­ and­flooring store and one home­decorations outlet in the northern port city of Tianjin to cater to essay school, specific needs and shopping preferences shown by boston college supplement, Chinese consumers, the spokeswoman said. It also plans to launch online operations with a Chinese partner, she said, without naming the company. Home Depot debuted in China with a 12­store acquis. College Admissions Essay: Responsibility Begins with Me.

preservation of our state's natural resources. Being an outdoorsman, there are many historic and natural places near my home that I would love to see protected. As an adult, I can devote my resources to founding parks and having sites maintained. This would increase both the aesthetic and the environmental characteristics of my community. With my salary, I could provide a nice home for on bullying, my family and simultaneously increase the value of land surrounding my own. I could donate money to the local community. Survey” (Visaya, 2010, p. 24). JPAT is a “questionnaire consisting of 38 assessment items in six sections” (Visaya, 2010, p. 25), which assesses the suitability of candidates for hemodialysis. The information obtained by using the JPAT, “provides the home dialysis nurse the opportunity to determine the patient’s physical strength to handle the equipment and supplies, dexterity, vision, and communication skills” (Visaya, 2010, p. 25).

The Patient Perception Survey “measured the patient’s behavioral.

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